The ‘fertile island effect’ of Welwitschia plants on soil microbiota is influenced by plant gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirza Doniger ◽  
Jonathan M Adams ◽  
Eugene Marais ◽  
Gillian Maggs-Kölling ◽  
Chen Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Community ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Fertile Island ◽  
Welwitschia Mirabilis

ABSTRACT Desert and semi-desert plants are often associated with a distinct soil biota under the plants and close to the root system. We aimed to understand if similar effects could be found in the taxonomically isolated desert gymnosperm Welwitschia mirabilis in the Namib Desert, and whether this island effect varied with climate and with gender of plants. We took soil cores adjacent to the plants in environments ranging from extreme desert to arid shrubland, and in nearby control sites between the plants. Soil chemistry was analysed, and deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted and sequenced for the bacterial 16s region. Soil under the plants was richer in organic C, N and moisture. Despite the range of climates, the soil around Welwitschia plants was consistently associated with a particular bacterial community composition that was distinct from samples further away. Compared to unvegetated control patches, bacterial diversity close to the plants was reduced. In the plant-associated soil community, there was a clear gender effect across all sites with a distinct community composition and greater diversity under male plants. It is unclear what differences in the soil environment might be producing these gender-associated differences, which provide an additional dimension to the fertile island effect.

scholarly journals Microbial Communities Show Parallels at Sites with Distinct Litter and Soil Characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (21) ◽  
pp. 7560-7567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marketa Sagova-Mareckova ◽  
Marek Omelka ◽  
Ladislav Cermak ◽  
Zdenek Kamenik ◽  
Jana Olsovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Soil Extracts

ABSTRACTPlant and microbial community composition in connection with soil chemistry determines soil nutrient cycling. The study aimed at demonstrating links between plant and microbial communities and soil chemistry occurring among and within four sites: two pine forests with contrasting soil pH and two grasslands of dissimilar soil chemistry and vegetation. Soil was characterized by C and N content, particle size, and profiles of low-molecular-weight compounds determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of soil extracts. Bacterial and actinobacterial community composition was assessed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and cloning followed by sequencing. Abundances of bacteria, fungi, and actinobacteria were determined by quantitative PCR. In addition, a pool of secondary metabolites was estimated byermresistance genes coding for rRNA methyltransferases. The sites were characterized by a stable proportion of C/N within each site, while on a larger scale, the grasslands had a significantly lower C/N ratio than the forests. A Spearman's test showed that soil pH was correlated with bacterial community composition not only among sites but also within each site. Bacterial, actinobacterial, and fungal abundances were related to carbon sources while T-RFLP-assessed microbial community composition was correlated with the chemical environment represented by HPLC profiles. Actinobacteria community composition was the only studied microbial characteristic correlated to all measured factors. It was concluded that the microbial communities of our sites were influenced primarily not only by soil abiotic characteristics but also by dominant litter quality, particularly, by percentage of recalcitrant compounds.

Rhizosphere bacterial community composition in natural stands of Carex arenaria (sand sedge) is determined by bulk soil community composition

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies S. de Ridder-Duine ◽  
George A. Kowalchuk ◽  
Paulien J.A. Klein Gunnewiek ◽  
Wiecher Smant ◽  
Johannes A. van Veen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Soil Community ◽  
Carex Arenaria ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacterial Community ◽  
Natural Stands

scholarly journals Collection of Environmental Variables and Bacterial Community Compositions in Marian Cove, Antarctica, during Summer 2018

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Hyo-Ryeon Kim ◽  
Jae-Hyun Lim ◽  
Ju-Hyoung Kim ◽  
Il-Nam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Marine bacteria, which are known as key drivers for marine biogeochemical cycles and Earth’s climate system, are mainly responsible for the decomposition of organic matter and production of climate-relevant gases (i.e., CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄). However, research is still required to fully understand the correlation between environmental variables and bacteria community composition. Marine bacteria living in the Marian Cove, where the inflow of freshwater has been rapidly increasing due to substantial glacial retreat, must be undergoing significant environmental changes. During the summer of 2018, we conducted a hydrographic survey to collect environmental variables and bacterial community composition data at three different layers (i.e., the seawater surface, middle, and bottom layers) from 15 stations. Of all the bacterial data, 17 different phylum level bacteria and 21 different class level bacteria were found and Proteobacteria occupy 50.3% at phylum level following Bacteroidetes. Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, which belong to Proteobacteria, are the highest proportion at the class level. Gammaproteobacteria showed the highest relative abundance in all three seawater layers. The collection of environmental variables and bacterial composition data contributes to improving our understanding of the significant relationships between marine Antarctic regions and marine bacteria that lives in the Antarctic.

scholarly journals Artificial neural network analysis of microbial diversity in the central and southern Adriatic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Šantić ◽  
Kasia Piwosz ◽  
Frano Matić ◽  
Ana Vrdoljak Tomaš ◽  
Jasna Arapov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Neural Network Analysis

AbstractBacteria are an active and diverse component of pelagic communities. The identification of main factors governing microbial diversity and spatial distribution requires advanced mathematical analyses. Here, the bacterial community composition was analysed, along with a depth profile, in the open Adriatic Sea using amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and the Neural gas algorithm. The performed analysis classified the sample into four best matching units representing heterogenic patterns of the bacterial community composition. The observed parameters were more differentiated by depth than by area, with temperature and identified salinity as important environmental variables. The highest diversity was observed at the deep chlorophyll maximum, while bacterial abundance and production peaked in the upper layers. The most of the identified genera belonged to Proteobacteria, with uncultured AEGEAN-169 and SAR116 lineages being dominant Alphaproteobacteria, and OM60 (NOR5) and SAR86 being dominant Gammaproteobacteria. Marine Synechococcus and Cyanobium-related species were predominant in the shallow layer, while Prochlorococcus MIT 9313 formed a higher portion below 50 m depth. Bacteroidota were represented mostly by uncultured lineages (NS4, NS5 and NS9 marine lineages). In contrast, Actinobacteriota were dominated by a candidatus genus Ca. Actinomarina. A large contribution of Nitrospinae was evident at the deepest investigated layer. Our results document that neural network analysis of environmental data may provide a novel insight into factors affecting picoplankton in the open sea environment.

scholarly journals One health pathogen surveillance demonstrated the dissemination of gut pathogens within the two coastal regions associated with intensive farming

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyao Wang ◽  
Yixiang Zhang ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Songzhe Fu ◽  
Baocheng Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Gut Pathogens

Abstract Background Intensive aquaculture farming has caused significant degradation of coastal wetlands and has been proposed as a reservoir for pathogenic Vibrio spp. Results Gut pathogens including Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella spp. were isolated from bird feces, shrimp and wetland water in two typical coastal regions of China in 2015 and 2017 and were subsequently subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Meanwhile, local patient isolates were also selected to confirm the epidemiological links. Bacterial community composition analyses of the sediments that were sampled in 2015 and 2017 were conducted by the hypervariable region 4 of the 16S rRNA gene. Together with the local clinical isolates, we observed highly related Vibrio isolates from waterbirds, wetlands and shrimp. Phylogenetic genome comparisons also demonstrated that sequence types ST3 and ST2414 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from aquatic animals were clonally related to patient isolates. Likewise, three Salmonella typhimurium isolates were also genomically related to one clinical strain. The results showed that farming activities significantly altered the community composition and resulted in the emergence of several pathogens, including Acinetobacter, Mycobacterium and Legionella. Conclusions In conclusion, our results demonstrated that intensive shrimp farming in wetlands has two devastating impacts: pathogen dissemination from aquatic animals into migratory birds and transmission of foodborne pathogens into local communities.

scholarly journals Are Bacterio- and Phytoplankton Community Compositions Related in Lakes Differing in Their Cyanobacteria Contribution and Physico-Chemical Properties?

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Kokociński ◽  
Dariusz Dziga ◽  
Adam Antosiak ◽  
Janne Soininen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bacteria Communities

Bacterioplankton community composition has become the center of research attention in recent years. Bacteria associated with toxic cyanobacteria blooms have attracted considerable interest. However, little is known about the environmental factors driving the bacteria community, including the impact of invasive cyanobacteria. Therefore, our aim has been to determine the relationships between heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton community composition across 24 Polish lakes with different contributions of cyanobacteria including the invasive species Raphidiopsis raciborskii. This analysis revealed that cyanobacteria were present in 16 lakes, while R. raciborskii occurred in 14 lakes. Our results show that bacteria communities differed between lakes dominated by cyanobacteria and lakes with minor contributions of cyanobacteria but did not differ between lakes with R. raciborskii and other lakes. Physical factors, including water and Secchi depth, were the major drivers of bacteria and phytoplankton community composition. However, in lakes dominated by cyanobacteria, bacterial community composition was also influenced by biotic factors such as the amount of R. raciborskii, chlorophyll-a and total phytoplankton biomass. Thus, our study provides novel evidence on the influence of environmental factors and R. raciborskii on lake bacteria communities.

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