scholarly journals White spruce wood quality for lumber products: priority traits and their enhancement through tree improvement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Hassegawa ◽  
Mylène Savard ◽  
Patrick R N Lenz ◽  
Emmanuel Duchateau ◽  
Nancy Gélinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Wood Traits

Abstract White spruce breeding has traditionally focused on genetic improvement for high productivity, targeting mostly stem volume. However, new challenges, such as the effects of climate change on individual trees and ecosystems and the changing nature of forest products markets, require action to address these issues while providing improved stock for seed and seedling production. This work aims to define the relative importance of white spruce wood traits for the lumber industry, with the intent of guiding tree breeding programs. This manuscript examines: (1) wood features that are important for lumber, (2) the genetics of wood traits and their improvement and (3) the level of acceptance of raw material with optimal traits, as obtained from a survey conducted with sawmills. Stem diameter at stump height, wood density, bending strength and stiffness were determined as the most important properties for sawmills. Decay proportion, knot diameter, slope of grain and the proportion of compression wood were also determined as important for sawmills, but to a lesser extent. Breeding efforts aiming to produce lumber should focus on stems with improved growth that are capable of sustaining the production of dense wood in greater proportion.

Can wood properties be predicted from the morphological traits of a tree? A canonical correlation study of plantation-grown white spruce

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1518-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Lenz ◽  
Michèle Bernier-Cardou ◽  
John MacKay ◽  
Jean Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Tree Morphology ◽  
Wood Traits

There is a growing interest in predicting wood quality from tree morphology traits, which can be measured using remote sensing techniques such as LiDAR, to enhance forest inventory for operational planning. In this study, we investigated the correlation structure between these two categories of traits in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) using canonical and multiple regression analyses with the objective of identifying key morphology variables that are predictive of wood quality. For 495 trees from a 30-year-old plantation, we obtained measurements of tree height and dimensions of the living crown, as well as the number and diameter of live branches at selected whorls. Wood traits were assessed from wood cores with SilviScan technology. Morphological traits explained almost 29% of the overall variation observed in wood traits. However, the magnitude of the correlations and the ability of crown morphological traits to predict wood traits differed widely among the latter. Average ring width and radial cell diameter, both related to increment, were well correlated with tree morphology, whereas traits related to subcellular structure, for instance, microfibril angle, were poorly correlated. These results could guide the choice of wood traits to improve inventory techniques aiming to optimize the forest product value chain.

What do ecological regions tell us about wood quality? A case study in eastern Canadian white spruce

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1383-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Lenz ◽  
Marie Deslauriers ◽  
Chhun-Huor Ung ◽  
John MacKay ◽  
Jean Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
Wood Trait ◽  
Wood Traits

There is a growing interest in improving knowledge on wood quality of forest resources to allow for an end-product oriented supply for the wood-processing industry. We investigated the differences of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) wood traits from 13 ecological regions of the eastern Canadian province of Quebec and identified climatic and geographic variables and tree characteristics that may help predict wood traits in novel approaches to forest inventories. One hundred and eleven wood disks were used to determine wood traits that are related to wood anatomy and to mechanical use of wood. Our results indicate significant differences between ecological regions for most of the investigated wood traits. Samples from several coastal regions showed, for example, wood anatomy that is advantageous for some pulp and paper grades, but they offer comparatively weak estimates for mechanical applications. Ordination and projection to latent structures allowed us to identify maximum temperature, degree days, geographic location, tree height, and tree diameter as important predictor variables for wood traits. The quality of models was variable and R2 values ranged from 0.13 to 0.59. Prediction errors in an independent sample were mostly below 10%, and bias was below 5%. Although the prediction of wood mechanics was less precise, the presented results are an encouraging step toward obtaining a wood trait signature for different environments.

scholarly journals Genetic improvement of forest tree species

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (spe) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teotônio Francisco Assis ◽  
Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Social And Environmental Impacts

Brazilian forestry sector is considered one of the most developed in the world, being the base for important industrial segments which use wood as raw material. Tree breeding has played an important role on improving the competitiveness of Brazilian forestry-based companies, especially for its positive reflexes on increasing adaptation, forestry productivity and wood quality. In spite of the importance of other forest trees for the economy, such as Schizolobium, Araucaria, Populus and Hevea, the main genera under genetic improvement in the country are Eucalyptus, Pinus, Acacia and Tectona. They are used by industries like pulp and paper, siderurgy, tannin, chips for exportation and lumber, constituting an important source of revenues for the Brazilian's economy, besides their positive social and environmental impacts. This paper presents a generic approach to genetic improvement aspects of these four major genera currently undergoing breeding in Brazil.

scholarly journals Genetic and phenotypic correlations among volume, wood specific gravity and foliar traits in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss)

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Pike ◽  
R. A. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Wood Specific Gravity ◽  
Foliar Traits

Abstract White spruce is highly valued by the forest products industry in North America. Through tree improvement efforts, selected genotypes can exceed wild sources by 30% in volume. Negative correlations between growth and wood specific gravity have been established, but differences in leaf morphology between high and low performing genotypes are less well understood. We sampled five trees from each of 30 families at each of two locations in a 25-year old progeny test in Minnesota. One wood core was collected from each tree to sample wood specific gravity (WSG), along with a branch collected from the upper crown to examine foliar traits. We confirmed negative correlations between stem volume and WSG, but several families combined high wood volume with only small reductions in WSG. Leaf area ratio and specific leaf area were positively, genetically correlated with volume growth but not correlated with WSG. Increased growth rates of selected genotypes may be attributed, in part, to shifts in allocation to leaves and in leaf morphology that may optimize light interception.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of stand composition and competition on white spruce and aspen wood attributes in the boreal mixedwood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ryan Jackalin
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Aspen Wood ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Intimate Mixture ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
The Impact

I evaluated how intra- and inter-specific competition affects the development of eleven wood attributes of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) over 34 years. My analysis was conducted in a mixedwood trial site in Northern British Columbia, Canada, that included treatments consisting of 0, 1000, 2000, 5000, and 10000 stems per hectare of aspen. Competition was found to negatively influence wood attribute development in aspen and positively impact spruce (at low levels of competition). Plot level competition indices were the best predictor of variation in aspen wood attributes, while stand level competition (population density) best explained the majority of spruce wood attributes. Maintaining aspen at lower densities in intimate mixture can have a positive effect on spruce wood quality, while incurring relatively small reductions in spruce volume production and also retaining the ecological benefits associated with managing for mixed stands.

Changing the face of short fiber –a review of the eucalyptus revolution

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER W. HART ◽  
RICARDO B. SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Paper Manufacturing ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations

Eucalyptus plantations have been used as a source of short fiber for papermaking for more than 40 years. The development in genetic improvement and clonal programs has produced improved density plantations that have resulted in fast growing, increased fiber volume eucalypts becoming the most widely used source of short fibers in the world. High productivity and short rotation times, along with the uniformity and improved wood quality of clonal plantations have attracted private industry investment in eucalypt plantations. Currently, only a handful of species or hybrids are used in plantation efforts. Many more species are being evaluated to either enhance fiber properties or expand the range of eucalypt plantations. Eucalyptus plantations are frequently planted on nonforested land and may be used, in part, as a means of conserving native forests while allowing the production of high quality fiber for economic uses. Finally, eucalypt plantations can provide significant carbon sinks, which may be used to help offset the carbon released from burning fossil fuels. The development and expansion of eucalypt plantations represents a substantial revolution in pulp and paper manufacturing.

Albizia richardiana King & Prain as a raw material for ply and particleboard

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
Md. Rahaman ◽  
Khurshid Akhter ◽  
S. Hossain ◽  
Md. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Standard Specification ◽  
Press Temperature ◽  
Albizia Richardiana ◽  
German Standard ◽  
Press Time

Woods of Albizia richardiana has been studied for assessing the suitability for plywood and particleboard manufacture. It was found that 1.5 mm thick smooth and figured veneer can be peeled and dried easily. Three-ply plywood were made using veneer of this species bonded with liquid urea formaldehyde glue of 50% solid content extended with wheat flour and catalyzed (ammonium chloride) with 2% hardener under the three specific pressures, viz,1.05 N/mm2, 1.40 N/mm2, 1.76 N/mm2 in three replications at 6 minute press time and 120°C press temperature. Dry and wet shear test were conducted on the sample and their shear load at failure per unit area and percentage of wood failure were determined. 1.05 N/mm2 pressure for the manufacture of plywood was found to be the best. The physical and mechanical properties of Albizia richardiana wood particleboard were studied. The particleboards were tested for determining the strength and dimensional stability. The tensile strength 0.56N/mm2 passed the British and German standard specification, bending strength (modulus of rupture10.80N/mm2) was found nearest to Indian Standard but low German and British standard specification.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in Australian Cedar genotypes selected by mixed models

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rulfe Tavares ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Deborah Guerra Barroso ◽  
Antonio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Technical Improvement ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Toona Ciliata ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for raw material for multiple uses of forest products and by-products has attracted the interest for fast growing species, such as the Australian Cedar (Toona ciliata), which presents high productive and economic potential. The present work aimed at estimating genetic diversity by DNA markers and morphological traits supported for the mixed models. The following traits were measured and genotypes were sampled randomly in different areas: diameter at breast height, height, cylindrical volume, diameter, distance between nodes and crown diameter. Twelve RAPD primers were used and generated a total of 91 marks, 82 of which were polymorphic. The high percentage of polymorphic markers, 90.10%, demonstrated that discrimination in this species is efficient, but it yet little studied, for this case we can find the extent of the genetic basis for the application of technical improvement. The assessment of genetic diversity by the UPGMA method using the binary and morphological data provided the expression of genetic dissimilarities among the accessions evaluated, optimizing the perception of this divergence. The use of mixed models was efficient to assess combined genetic diversity to optimize the selection of genotypes with divergent genetic values for diameter at breast height.

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