scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics of Octocoral and Scleractinian Skeletomes and the Evolution of Coral Calcification

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1623-1635
Author(s):  
Nicola Conci ◽  
Martin Lehmann ◽  
Sergio Vargas ◽  
Gert Wörheide
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blast Analysis ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Acidic Proteins ◽  
New Research ◽  
Reciprocal Blast

Abstract Corals are the ecosystem engineers of coral reefs, one of the most biodiverse marine ecosystems. The ability of corals to form reefs depends on the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) under biological control. However, several mechanisms underlying coral biomineralization remain elusive, for example, whether corals employ different molecular machineries to deposit different CaCO3 polymorphs (i.e., aragonite or calcite). Here, we used tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to compare the proteins occluded in the skeleton of three octocoral and one scleractinian species: Tubipora musica and Sinularia cf. cruciata (calcite sclerites), the blue coral Heliopora coerulea (aragonitic skeleton), and the scleractinian aragonitic Montipora digitata. Reciprocal Blast analysis revealed extremely low overlap between aragonitic and calcitic species, while a core set of proteins is shared between octocorals producing calcite sclerites. However, the carbonic anhydrase CruCA4 is present in the skeletons of both polymorphs. Phylogenetic analysis highlighted several possible instances of protein co-option in octocorals. These include acidic proteins and scleritin, which appear to have been secondarily recruited for calcification and likely derive from proteins playing different functions. Similarities between octocorals and scleractinians included presence of a galaxin-related protein, carbonic anhydrases, and one hephaestin-like protein. Although the first two appear to have been independently recruited, the third appear to share a common origin. This work represents the first attempt to identify and compare proteins associated with coral skeleton polymorph diversity, providing several new research targets and enabling both future functional and evolutionary studies aimed at elucidating the origin and evolution of coral biomineralization.

scholarly journals Comparative proteomics of octocoral and scleractinian skeletomes and the evolution of coral calcification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Conci ◽  
Martin Lehmann ◽  
Sergio Vargas ◽  
Gert Wörheide
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
Acidic Proteins ◽  
New Research ◽  
Rigid Skeleton

AbstractCorals are ecosystem engineers of the coral reefs, one of the most biodiverse but severely threatened marine ecosystems. The ability of corals to form the three dimensional structure of reefs depends on the precipitation of calcium carbonate under biologically control. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this biologically controlled biomineralization remain to be fully unelucidated, for example whether corals employ a different molecular machinery for the deposition of different calcium carbonate (CaCO3) polymorphs (i.e., aragonite or calcite). Here we used tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to compare skeletogenic proteins, i.e., the proteins occluded in the skeleton of three octocoral and one scleractinian species: Tubipora musica and Sinularia cf. cruciata, both forming calcite sclerites, the blue coral Heliopora coerulea with an aragonitic rigid skeleton, and the scleractinian aragonitic Montipora digitata. We observed extremely low overlap between aragonitic and calcitic species, while a core set of proteins is shared between octocorals producing calcite sclerites. However, the same carbonic anhydrase (CruCA4) is employed for the formation of skeletons of both polymorphs. Similarities could also be observed between octocorals and scleractinians, including the presence of a galaxin-like protein. Additionally, as in scleractinians, some octocoral skeletogenic proteins, such as acidic proteins and scleritin, appear to have been secondarily co-opted for calcification and likely derive from proteins playing different extracellular functions. In H. coerulea, co-option was characterized by aspartic acid-enrichment of proteins. This work represents the first attempt to identify the molecular basis underlying coral skeleton polymorph diversity, providing several new research targets and enabling both future functional and evolutionary studies aimed at elucidating the origin and evolution of biomineralization in corals.

scholarly journals Die Christelike filosofie van H. Dooyeweerd (1894–1977) soos gerekonstrueer volgens Vollenhoven se probleem-historiese metode

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Van der Walt
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Christian Philosophy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
Introductory Overview ◽  
New Research

Hierdie inleidende, oorsigtelike artikel is die derde in ’n reeks van drie in hierdie tydskrif. Die kort trilogie beoog om die grondleggers van ’n Christelike filosofie, naamlik D.H.Th. Vollenhoven (1892–1978), H.G. Stoker (1899–1993) en H. Dooyeweerd (1894–1977) bekend te stel. In hierdie bydrae word gepoog om die hooftrekke van Dooyeweerd se komplekse filosofiese ontwikkelingsgang te rekonstrueer met behulp van sy Nederlandse kollega, Vollenhoven, se probleem-historiese metode van wysgerige historiografie. Ter inleiding word belangrike agtergrondinligting oor hierdie internasionaal erkende Christelike denker gegee. Daar word ook daarop gewys dat Dooyeweerd en Vollenhoven aan die begin (1918–1922) dieselfde filosofiese standpunt (wat deur Vollenhoven ontwerp is) gehuldig het. Mettertyd het hulle filosofiese paaie egter verskillend ontwikkel en groot verskille het in hulle konsepsies ontstaan. In die tweede gedeelte word eerstens daarop gewys dat Vollenhoven asook verskeie van sy leerlinge lank tevore reeds monargianistiese tendense by Dooyeweerd vermoed het. Sedert 2010 suggereer navorsing dat Dooyeweerd se filosofie oor ’n periode van ongeveer 50 jaar deur ten minste die volgende drie verskillende fases ontwikkel het: 1918–1922 (kritiese realisme), 1923–1928 (semimistiek) en 1929–1977 (monistiese monargianisme). Met hierdie indeling as hipotese word daarna verskillende moontlike invloede op Dooyeweerd van binne die eie geesgenootlike kring sowel as daarbuite nagegaan. Laastens word enkele van sy uitstaande bydraes uitgelig. Op grond van ’n terugblik van al drie die bydraes in hierdie reeks, word ten slotte enkele opmerkings ten opsigte van die pad vorentoe gemaak.This introductory overview is the third in a series of three in this journal. The aim of this trilogy is to introduce the founders of a Christian philosophy, viz. D.H.Th. Vollenhoven (1892–1978), H.G. Stoker (1899–1993) and H. Dooyeweerd (1994–1977) to the readers. The present article tries to reconstruct the contours of the complex philosophical development of Dooyeweerd by employing the problem-historical method of philosophical historiography of his colleague, Vollenhoven. The introduction provides important background information about this internationally acclaimed scholar. It is indicated that at the emergence of a reformational philosophy (1918–1922) these two thinkers shared a viewpoint mainly developed by Vollenhoven. Afterwards, however, their philosophical journeys developed in different directions, distinct from each other. A second section of the article draws attention to the fact that since long ago Vollenhoven and some of his followers suspected monarchian tendencies in Dooyeweerd’s thinking. Since 2010 new research suggests that his philosophy developed during a period of about 50 years through at least the following three phases: 1918–1922 (critical realism), 1923–1928 (semi-mysticism) and 1929–1977 (monistic monarchianism). This hypothesis about Dooyeweerd’s philosophical development enables a next (third) step, viz. to trace the possible internal influences (from his like-minded predecessors) as well as external (secular) ones on the formation of his thought. A following (fourth) part provides a few highlights of his contribution to Christian scholarship. Finally, in retrospection on all three articles, this contribution is concluded with a few remarks about the road ahead.

The comprehensive Icf core set for schizophrenia from the perspective of psychiatrists: A content-validity study using the Delphi technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s803-s803
Author(s):  
L. Nuño ◽  
M. Barrios ◽  
E. Rojo ◽  
J. Gomez-Benito ◽  
G. Guilera
Keyword(s):  
Content Validity ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Icf Core Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a chronic mental illness associated with several functional impairments. There has been an increasing interest in the impact of schizophrenia on functioning. The development of the Comprehensive International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for schizophrenia, a shortlist of 97 ICF categories that are relevant for describing functioning and disability of people living with schizophrenia, has derived from this interest.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the content validity of this core set from the perspective of psychiatrists.MethodsIn a 3-round Delphi survey, psychiatrists experienced in schizophrenia treatment were asked about patients’ problems, resources and environmental factors they treat in patients with schizophrenia.ResultsA total of 352 psychiatrists from 65 countries representing all six World Health Organization regions completed the first round questionnaire. The response rate at the third round was 86%. Answers were linked to 422 ICF categories. Of all these, 109 ICF categories reached consensus (≥ 75% agreement) at the third round. Eighty-seven out of the 97 ICF categories that form the comprehensive ICF core set for schizophrenia were represented in this list. All the comprehensive ICF core set for schizophrenia categories reached consensus except five categories.ConclusionsThe content validity of the comprehensive ICF core set for schizophrenia from the perspective of psychiatrists was largely supported. However, further research is needed including other health professionals (e.g., psychologists, nurses and occupational therapists) to further obtain new content validity evidences.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals JuanGa/Aguilera: una figuración "queer" del "homosexual" en América Latina = JuanGa/Aguilera: A Queer Figuration of the “Homosexual” in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Julio César Díaz Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Queer Studies ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Third ◽  
America Latina ◽  
New Research ◽  
Modern Nation State

Resumen. Este artículo presenta un estudio de las figuraciones del “homosexual” en América Latina. Se inspira en el trabajo de Cynthia Weber sobre teoría queer en Relaciones In­ternacionales y en el análisis latinoamericano queer de Carlos Figari. Se propone una manera plural de contestar a tres interrogantes: ¿quién es el “homosexual” en América Latina?, ¿qué es el Estado-nación moderno que se presupone “soberano”? y ¿cómo el “homosexual” participa en la construcción del Estado-nación “soberano”? Las dos primeras preguntas no se contestan, pero se explora su potencial para los estudios “queer” y de Relaciones Internacionales.Para contestar la tercera pregunta se introduce una figuración plural del “homosexual” que rompe con la dicotomía entre normal y perverso en el contexto latinoamericano: Juan­Ga/Aguilera. Se justifica por qué JuanGa/Aguilera crea un Estado-nación soberano plural que complica (quizá hasta hace imposibles) las nociones tradicionales dicotómicas de soberanía. Se utiliza este resultado para dar una serie de perspectivas de investigación que abre el en­tendimiento de las figuraciones plurales como hombre soberano, tanto en los estudios lati­noamericanos de teoría queer como en los de Relaciones Internacionales.Palabras clave: Queer, Relaciones Internacionales, sexualidad, homosexualidad, sober­anía, política internacional.Abstract. This article presents a study about Latin American figurations of the “homo­sexual”. It was inspired by the work of Cynthia Weber in Queer International Relations (Queer IR) and the Latin American Queer analysis of Carlos Figari. It proposes a new pluralistic way to answer to three interrogatives: who is the “homosexual” in Latin America?, what is the modern nation-state that is assumed to be “sovereign”? and, how does the “homosexual” participates in the construction of the “sovereign” nation-state? The first two questions are not answered, rather they are explored for their potential to produce new insights to Queer and IR theories.To answer the third question, it will be introduced a new plural figuration of the “homo­sexual” that breaks apart with the either normal or perverse dichotomy: JuanGa/Aguilera. It is justified why JuanGa/Aguilera creates a plural “sovereign” nation state that makes more difficult (even impossible) to sustain traditional binary understandings of sovereign. This last result will be used to give new research possibilities that can be achieved in Latin American Queer Studies and International Relations through the understanding of plural figurations of sovereign man.Keywords: queer, International Relations, sexuality, homosexuality, sovereignty, inter­national politics.

scholarly journals Research on the high-metamorphic complexes of the Agto area

1969 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
E Bondesen
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
New Research ◽  
Metamorphic Complexes

Mapping in the Agto area was continued in 1968, the third season of new research. The work has been subsidized by the Carlsberg Foundation and it forms part of the Survey's mapping programme and the results will appear in a Survey 1:100 000 sheet. In 1968 mapping was carried out in eight individual areas. The mapping is now so far advanced that an area bounded by 68°N and a line roughly from the interior of Ataneq fjord to the head of Nordre Strømfjord is known in some detail based on 1:20 000 field maps.

scholarly journals Complex Pathways Towards Emergent Pastoral Settlements: New Research on the Bronze Age Xindian Culture of Northwest China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitzchak Jaffe ◽  
Anke Hein ◽  
Andrew Womack ◽  
Katherine Brunson ◽  
Jade d’Alpoim Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractThe Xindian culture of northwest China has been seen as a prototypical example of a transition toward pastoralism, resulting in part from environmental changes that started around 4000 years ago. To date, there has been little available residential data to document how and whether subsistence strategies and community organization in northwest China changed following or in association with documented environmental changes. The Tao River Archaeology Project is a collaborative effort aimed at gathering robust archaeological information to solidify our baseline understanding of economic, technological, and social practices in the third through early first millennia BC. Here we present data from two Xindian culture residential sites, and propose that rather than a total transition to nomadic pastoralism—as it is often reconstructed—the Xindian culture reflects a prolonged period of complex transition in cultural traditions and subsistence practices. In fact, communities maintained elements of earlier cultivation and animal-foddering systems, selectively incorporating new plants and animals into their repertoire. These locally-specific strategies were employed to negotiate ever-changing environmental and social conditions in the region of developing ‘proto-Silk Road’ interregional interactions.

Modern Dance in the Third Reich, Redux

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Manning
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
National Socialists ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Modern Dancers ◽  
New Research

This chapter reviews the literature on modern dance in Germany under National Socialism (1933–1945). In the current consensus, three interrelated explanations are advanced for why so many modern dancers collaborated with the National Socialists: shared roots in the life reform and physical culture movement at the turn of the twentieth century; crises during the Weimar Republic that culminated in the Great Depression; and the changing cultural policy of Goebbels’s Cultural Ministry. This chapter probes varied interpretations of how and why Mary Wigman, Rudolf Laban, and other modern dancers adapted their mode of Ausdruckstanz as Deutscher Tanz (“German dance”) and poses new research questions. The complex question of modern dance in the Third Reich is viewed in relation to changing historiographic models for understanding Germany between the two world wars.

scholarly journals Buddhism and global Peace: Perspectives on Cultural Geography

2009 ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Damodar Jnawali
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Geography ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Spatial Diffusion ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
Spiritual Path ◽  
The Third ◽  
Global Peace ◽  
Present World

Present paper deals with the major principles of Buddhism and its need for maintaining global peace. The concept of philosophy, Buddha as an Incarnation of Vishnu, origin and evolution of Buddhism and its spatial diffusion, the Buddhist Councils, major Schools of Buddhism, and Buddha's Teachings for global peace are the major areas of discussion in this paper. Buddha's Teachings provide many practical techniques that are useful for calming anger, controlling desire and creating harmonious relationships. Present world is full of violence and corruption. People are in need of comfort that comes from a spiritual path and teaches nonviolence, contentment, compassion, generosity of spirit, and peace of mind. Buddhism teaches us to cultivate peace in our hearts and work to relieve the sufferings of all living beings. Peace at national as well as global level can be possible only if we apply Buddhism in our daily life. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v5i0.1950 The Third Pole, Vol. 5-7, PP 28-36:2007  

scholarly journals New Non-Bilaterian Transcriptomes Provide Novel Insights into the Evolution of Coral Skeletomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3068-3081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Conci ◽  
Gert Wörheide ◽  
Sergio Vargas
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Biomineralization Process ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Taxonomically Restricted Genes ◽  
Acidic Proteins ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract A general trend observed in animal skeletomes—the proteins occluded in animal skeletons—is the copresence of taxonomically widespread and lineage-specific proteins that actively regulate the biomineralization process. Among cnidarians, the skeletomes of scleractinian corals have been shown to follow this trend. However, distributions and phylogenetic analyses of biomineralization-related genes are often based on only a few species, with other anthozoan calcifiers such as octocorals (soft corals), not being fully considered. We de novo assembled the transcriptomes of four soft-coral species characterized by different calcification strategies (aragonite skeleton vs. calcitic sclerites) and data-mined published nonbilaterian transcriptome resources to construct a taxonomically comprehensive sequence database to map the distribution of scleractinian and octocoral skeletome components. Cnidaria shared no skeletome proteins with Placozoa or Ctenophora, but did share some skeletome proteins with Porifera, such as galaxin-related proteins. Within Scleractinia and Octocorallia, we expanded the distribution for several taxonomically restricted genes such as secreted acidic proteins, scleritin, and carbonic anhydrases, and propose an early, single biomineralization-recruitment event for galaxin sensu stricto. Additionally, we show that the enrichment of acidic residues within skeletogenic proteins did not occur at the Corallimorpharia–Scleractinia transition, but appears to be associated with protein secretion into the organic matrix. Finally, the distribution of octocoral calcification-related proteins appears independent of skeleton mineralogy (i.e., aragonite/calcite) with no differences in the proportion of shared skeletogenic proteins between scleractinians and aragonitic or calcitic octocorals. This points to skeletome homogeneity within but not between groups of calcifying cnidarians, although some proteins such as galaxins and SCRiP-3a could represent instances of commonality.

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