scholarly journals Sources of variation in leaf shape among two populations of Achillea lanulosa.

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Gurevitch
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Plastic Response ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Shape Characters ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Response To Temperature

Abstract Achillea lanulosa has complex, highly dissected leaves that vary in shape and size along an altitudinal gradient. Plants from a high and an intermediate altitude population were clonally replicated and grown in a controlled environment at warm and cool conditions under bright light. There were genetic differences among populations and among individuals within populations in leaf size and shape. Heritabilities for leaf size and shape characters were moderate. Leaves of the lower altitude population were larger and differed from the higher altitude plants in both coarse and fine shape. Plastic response to temperature of the growth environment paralleled the genetic differentiation between low and high altitude populations. There was no apparent trade-off between genetic control over morphology and the capacity for directional plastic response to the environment. Differences in leaf dissection and size at contrasting altitudes in this species are the result of both genetic divergence among populations and of acclimative responses to local environments.

A morphometric and taxonomic reevaluation of Haenianthus (Oleaceae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
Scott Zona
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Cloud Forests ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Key Words Caribbean

Leaf size and shape, long used to differentiate taxa in Haenianthus, were found to be less useful than previously believed. Nevertheless, two species can be recognized on the basis of leaf shape, H. incrassatus and H. salicifolius. The former species has long petioles, attenuate leaf bases, and thin laminas and is endemic to cloud forests of Jamaica. The latter species, with short petioles, acute to acuminate leaf bases, and thick laminas, has two varieties, H. salicifolius var. salicifolius of Cuba and Haiti, and H. salicifolius var. obovatus of Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. Key words: Caribbean, Haenianthus, morphometric analysis, Oleaceae.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variation in leaf size and shape in response to climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoqi Li ◽  
Dongting Zou ◽  
Nawal Shrestha ◽  
Xiaoting Xu ◽  
Qinggang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Aims Morphological variation of leaves is a key indicator of plant response to climatic change. Leaf size and shape are associated with carbon, water and energy exchange of plants with their environment. However, whether and how leaf size and shape responded to climate change over the past decades remains poorly studied. Moreover, many studies have only explored inter- but not intraspecific variation in leaf size and shape across space and time. Methods We collected >6000 herbarium specimens spanning 98 years (1910–2008) in China for seven representative dicot species and measured their leaf length and width. We explored geographical patterns and temporal trends in leaf size (i.e. leaf length, leaf width and length × width product) and shape (i.e. length/width ratio), and investigated the effects of changes in precipitation and temperature over time and space on the variation in leaf size and shape. Important Findings After accounting for the effects of sampling time, leaf size decreased with latitude for all species combined, but the relationship varied among species. Leaf size and shape were positively correlated with temperature and precipitation across space. After accounting for the effects of sampling locations, leaf size of all species combined increased with time. Leaf size changes over time were mostly positively correlated with precipitation, whereas leaf shape changes were mostly correlated with temperature. Overall, our results indicate significant spatial and temporal intraspecific variation in leaf size and shape in response to climate. Our study also demonstrates that herbarium specimens collected over a considerable period of time provide a good resource to study the impacts of climate change on plant morphological traits.

The impact of leaf shape on the feeding preference of insect herbivores: experimental and field studies with Capsella and Phyllotreta

1996 ◽  
Vol 351 (1348) ◽  
pp. 1671-1677 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Shape Effects ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
The Impact

Leaves display an enormous array of sizes and shapes. Although these attributes appear to have evolved primarily in response to abiotic conditions in the plant’s habitat, the importance of insect herbivores as additional selective agents is still poorly understood. A necessary requirem ent for leaf size and shape to evolve in response to attack by insects is that insects must respond to and/or be affected by, leaf morphology. We tested leaf-shape preferences in adult flea beetles ( Phyllotreta spp.) feeding on the highly variable rosette leaves of Capsella bursa-pastoris . Contrary to theoretical expectation (Brown & Lawton 1991), leaves with deeply lobed margins were more intensely damaged, both in field-collected and experimental plants. In two ancillary experiments with Capsella , we found that Spodoptera caterpillars showed no preferences for leaf shape, but that adult vine weevils ( Otiorhynchus sulcatus ) did, preferring (as predicted), undivided over divided leaves. We conclude that Brown & Law ton’s (1991) hypothesis is at best weakly supported by laboratory data for vine weevils, refuted by laboratory data for Spodoptera , and consistently refuted by both laboratory and field data for flea beetles. Although the experiment tried to reduce confounding variables to a minimum, interpretation was complicated by correlations between leaf shape and other developmental parameters of the plants, and highlights the difficulty of disentangling leaf-shape effects from other confounding factors.

Salacia fugax, an elusive new South American Salacioideae (Celastraceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 317 (4) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIO ANTONIO LOMBARDI ◽  
MARCELA SERNA GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New South ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape

A new South American species of Salacia (Celastraceae, Salacioideae) found in Colombia and Venezuela, Salacia fugax Lombardi & M.Serna is described here. It is characterized by its indument, small long acuminate leaves with short petioles, branched inflorescences, flowers with an annular-pulvinate disk, and small pyriform fruits. This new species resembles S. mennegana J.Hedin ex Lombardi and S. opacifolia (J.F.Macbr.) A.C.Sm. by its short petioles, leaf shape, slender branched inflorescence, perianth form, and similar disc, but S. fugax differs by its hairs, leaf size and apex, calyx, and fruit size and shape.

scholarly journals High-density QTL mapping of leaf-related traits and chlorophyll content in three soybean RIL populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiye Yu ◽  
Jinshe Wang ◽  
Chongyuan Sun ◽  
Xiaoqian Liu ◽  
Huanqing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Mapping Populations

Abstract Background Leaf size and shape, which affect light capture, and chlorophyll content are important factors affecting photosynthetic efficiency. Genetic variation of these components significantly affects yield potential and seed quality. Identification of the genetic basis for these traits and the relationship between them is of great practical significance for achieving ideal plant architecture and high photosynthetic efficiency for improved yield. Results Here, we undertook a large-scale linkage mapping study using three mapping populations to determine the genetic interplay between soybean leaf-related traits and chlorophyll content across two environments. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between leaf size and shape, while both traits were positively correlated with chlorophyll content. This phenotypic relationship was verified across the three mapping populations as determined by principal component analysis, suggesting that these traits are under the control of complex and interrelated genetic components. The QTLs for leaf-related traits and chlorophyll are partly shared, which further supports the close genetic relationship between the two traits. The largest-effect major loci, q20, was stably identified across all population and environments and harbored the narrow leaflet gene Gm-JAG1 (Ln/ln), which is a key regulator of leaflet shape in soybean. Conclusion Our results uncover several major QTLs (q4–1, q4–2, q11, q13, q18 and q20) and its candidate genes specific or common to leaf-related traits and chlorophyll, and also show a complex epistatic interaction between the two traits. The SNP markers closely linked to these valuable QTLs could be used for molecular design breeding with improved plant architecture, photosynthetic capacity and even yield.

Morphogenesis of simple leaves: regulation of leaf size and shape

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro E. Rodriguez ◽  
Juan M. Debernardi ◽  
Javier F. Palatnik
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape

scholarly journals Vein-to-blade ratio is an allometric indicator of climate-induced changes in grapevine leaf size and shape

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Chitwood ◽  
Joey Mullins ◽  
Zoë Migicovsky ◽  
Margaret Frank ◽  
Robert VanBuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Blade Area ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape ◽  
Induced Changes

ABSTRACTPremiseAs a leaf expands, its shape dynamically changes. Previously, we documented an allometric relationship between vein and blade area in grapevine leaves. Larger leaves have a smaller ratio of primary and secondary vein area relative to blade area compared to smaller leaves. We sought to use allometry as an indicator of leaf size to measure the environmental effects of climate on grapevine leaf morphology.MethodsWe measure the ratio of vein-to-blade area in 8,412 leaves from the same 208 vines across four growing seasons (2013, 2015, 2016, and 2017) using 21 homologous landmarks. Matching leaves by vine and node, we correlate size and shape of grapevine leaves with climate variables.Key resultsVein-to-blade ratio varies strongly between years in ways that blade or vein area do not. Maximum daily temperature and to a lesser degree precipitation are the most strongly correlated climate variables with vein-to-blade ratio, indicating that smaller leaves are associated with heat waves and drought. Leaf count and overall leaf area of shoots and the vineyard population studied also diminish with heat and drought. Grapevine leaf primordia initiate in buds the year prior to when they emerge, and we find that climate during the previous growing season exerts the largest statistical effects over these relationships.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the profound effects of heat and drought on the vegetative morphology of grapevines and show that vein-to-blade ratio is a strong allometric indicator of the effects of climate on grapevine leaf morphology.

Correlation Between Sizes of Stomata and of Oil Glands in Two Related Eucalyptus Species

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Carr ◽  
SGM Carr
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape

A correlation is described between the sizes of the stomata (length, pole to pole) and diameter of the largest oil glands of two closely related species, previously thought conspecific, of a newly described group (series Lehmannianae) of eucalypts. The oil glands and stomata of E. lehmannii are larger than those of E. conferruminata. The correlation is independent of leaf size and shape. The size correlation has its roots in the fact that both stomata and the largest oil glands have their origin in single epidermal initials.

Tumor Incidence and Shoot Morphology Differences in Rooted Cuttings from Rhododendron With and Without “Tissue Proliferation”

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 478d-478
Author(s):  
Mark H. Brand ◽  
Richard Kiyomoto
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Tumor Incidence ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Tissue Proliferation ◽  
Leaf Size And Shape

Tissue proliferation (TP) occurs in Rhododendron and is characterized by basal tumors that often develop numerous dwarf shoots. Growers need to know if the TP condition will persist in plants grown from normal-appearing cuttings collected from plants with TP tumors. Cuttings of seven cultivars were collected from plants with TP [TP(+)] and without TP [TP(-)] and rooted. Plants were grown in containers outdoors for a minimum of 2 years. For all cultivars, plants grown from TP(+) cuttings had more leaves per growth flush than plants grown from TP(-) cuttings. Shoots of TP(+) plants were either similar in length to shoots of TP(-) plants, or were shorter, as was the case for `Boule de Neige', `Catawbiense Album', and `Montego'. `Montego' and `Scintillation' TP(+) leaves were shorter, narrower, had smaller leaf areas and larger length to width rations than leaves from TP(-) shoots. No difference in leaf size and shape were detected for other cultivars. TP tumors were not observed on any plants. Another study examined the effect of stock plant age from tissue culture on development of TP symptoms in rooted cuttings. `Montego' plants grown from cuttings collected from microplants, 3-year-old TP(+) plants, 6-year-old TP(+) plants and TP(-) plants were compared. Plants grown from 6-year-old TP(+) and TP(-) cuttings did not develop tumors. 83% of plants from microplant cuttings and 74% of plants from 3-year-old TP(+) cuttings formed tumors. Plants from microplant cuttings were more likely to develop large tumors that surround half or more of the stem than plants from 3-year-old TP(+) cuttings.

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