How do the factors associated with frailty change with sex? An exploratory network analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Eduardo da Cunha Leme ◽  
Anita Liberalesso Neri ◽  
André Fattori
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Network Cluster ◽  
Years Of Schooling

Abstract Background It is important to study multiple social, physical and psychosocial factors associated with frailty in populations characterized by social and health disparities, such as men and women. Methods This was a cross-sectional population-based study with older adults ≥65 years from the FIBRA (Frailty in Brazilian Older Adults) 2008-2009 study. We carried out a comparative analysis of the factors associated with the frailty phenotype in older men (N=706) and women (N=1.251) using networks based on mixed graphical models (MGM) according to sex. Results In the male network, frailty was most strongly associated with years of schooling, overall satisfaction with life and falls; in the female network, the syndrome was associated with satisfaction with problem solving, depression and diabetes in addition to years of schooling. Furthermore, permutation tests showed that the networks for males and females were statistically different in terms of their structure, the global strength of the relationships and the strength of the relationships between frailty and diabetes; frailty and falls; frailty and depression; frailty and overall satisfaction with life; and frailty and satisfaction with problem solving (p<0.05). The walktrap network cluster detection algorithm revealed that in men, frailty was in a physical and social dimension while in women the syndrome was in a cardiometabolic and psychosocial dimension. Conclusions Network analysis showed that different factors are associated with frailty for each sex. The findings suggest that different strategies for dealing with frailty should be adopted for men and women so that care and prevention efforts can be directed appropriately.

Abstract P347: Sex Differences in Barriers to Antihypertensive Medication Adherence: Findings from the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence among Older Adults (CoSMO)

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth W Holt ◽  
Cara Joyce ◽  
Adriana Dornelles ◽  
Donald E Morisky ◽  
Larry S Webber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Medication Cost ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Associated

Objectives: We assessed whether socio-demographic, clinical, health care system, psychosocial, and behavioral factors are differentially associated with low antihypertensive medication adherence scores among older men and women. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from the Cohort Study of Medication Adherence in Older Adults (CoSMO, n=2,194). Low antihypertensive medication adherence was defined as a score <6 on the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Risk factors for low adherence were collected using telephone surveys and administrative databases. Results: The prevalence of low medication adherence scores did not differ by sex [15.0% (193 of 1,283) in women and 13.1% (119 of 911) in men p=0.208]. In sex-specific multivariable models, having issues with medication cost and practicing fewer lifestyle modifications for blood pressure control were associated with low adherence scores among both men and women. Factors associated with low adherence scores in men but not women included reduced sexual functioning (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.31, 3.16 for men and OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.82 for women), and BMI ≥25 (OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.59, 6.59 for men and 1.23; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.85 for women). Factors associated with low adherence scores in women but not men included dissatisfaction with communication with their healthcare provider (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.65 for women and OR =1.16 95% CI: 0.57, 2.34 for men) and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.29; 95% CI: 1.55, 3.38 for women and OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.80 for men). Conclusion: Factors associated with low antihypertensive medication adherence scores differed by sex. Interventions designed to improve adherence in older adults should be tailored to account for the sex of the target population.

scholarly journals Age Paradox: Depressive Symptomatology For Older Men and Women in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Ju Chiu ◽  
Chun-Yu Tsai ◽  
Tsung-Yu Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: To discern if prevalence of depressive symptoms in adults aged 65 and above in Taiwan changed during the past decade and to identify if protective and risk factors of depressive symptomatology differ by gender. Method: Data of nationally representative older adults (65+) interviewed from the 2005, 2009 and 2013 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) in Taiwan was analyzed (n=8,832). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used for the measurement of depressive symptomatology. Results: Age adjusted prevalence rate of depressive symptomatology among older adults in Taiwan reduced from 20.6% to 13.3% (X2=-7.5, p<.05) in the community. The most significant factors associated with higher depressive symptomatology in both gender was too much carbohydrates intake, which was significantly associated with 8.8 (95%CI=5.1-15.2) and 7.9 (95%CI=5.2-11.8) times depressive symptomatology in men and women respectively. Factors associated with lower depressive symptomatology in both gender include advanced age (over the age of 85), exercise and social participation. The advanced age for men and women reduced about 63% (AOR over the age of 85=0.4, 95%CI=0.2-0.9) and 62% (AOR over the age of 85=0.4, 95%CI=0.2-0.8) of depressive symptomatology for men and women respectively; Exercise reduced about 50% (AOR exercise=0.5, 95%CI=0.3-0.6) and 58% (AOR exercise=0.5, 95%CI=0.3-0.6) of depressive symptomatology for men and women respectively; social participation reduced about 55% (AOR social participation=0.5, 95%CI=0.3-0.7) and 36% (AOR social participation=0.6, 95%CI=0.5-0.9) of depressive symptomatology for men and women respectively.Conclusions: For adults aged over 65, advanced age, which is 85+ for men and 75+ for women, is a significant protective factor guarding against depressive symptoms. Carbohydrates, cognitive disorder, heart disease and falls were associated with higher depressive symptomatology in both gender. The pulmonary disease, underweight and educational level were risk factors for men; metabolic disease and milk intake were risks for women. Common factors associated with lower depressive symptomatology in both gender includes advanced age, exercise and social participation. Tea and coffee intake and married status were associated with lower depressive symptomatology for women.

scholarly journals What are the sociodemographic and gender determinants of non-fatal self-harm in older adult users and non-users of antidepressants? A national population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khedidja Hedna ◽  
Johan Fastbom ◽  
Ingmar Skoog ◽  
Gunnel Hensing ◽  
Margda Waern
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Total Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Late-life self-harm (SH) is often linked to depression. However, very few studies have explored the role of other factors and their interaction with depression in the occurrence of late-life SH. The objective of this research was to examine sociodemographic and gender factors associated with non-fatal SH, in older adults with and without antidepressant therapy.Methods We used national longitudinal register data from a total cohort of all Swedish residents aged ≥75 years between 2006-2014 (N=1,413,806). Using personal identity numbers, we linked individuals' data from numerous national registers. We identified all those with at least one episode of non-fatal self-harm (regardless of level of intent to die) and matched 50 controls to each case. A nested case–control design was used to investigate sociodemographic factors associated with non-fatal SH in the total cohort and among antidepressant users and non-users. Risk factors were analysed in adjusted conditional logistic regression models for the entire cohort and by gender.Results In all, 2242 individuals had at least one episode of a non-fatal SH (980 men and 1262 women). Being unmarried was a risk factor for non-fatal SH in men but not in women. Among users of antidepressants, higher non-fatal SH risk was observed in those born outside the Nordic countries (IRR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11–1.86), whereas in AD non-users increased risk was seen in those from Nordic countries other than Sweden (IRR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.08–2.29). Antidepressant users with higher education had an increased risk of non-fatal SH (IRR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12–1.61), in both men and women. Conclusions Foreign country of birth was associated with increased risk for non-fatal SH in older adults with and without AD therapies. Being married was a protective factor for non-fatal SH in men. The complex association between sociodemographic factors and use of antidepressants in the occurrence of self-harm in older men and women indicates the need for multifaceted tailored preventive strategies including healthcare and social services alike.

The Case of Thematic Tests Adapted to Older Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Verdon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Projective Tests ◽  
New Material ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Latent Content

Since the 1950s, the growing interest of clinicians in using projective tests to study normal or pathological aging processes has led to the creation of several thematic tests for older adults. This development reflects their authors’ belief that the TAT is not suitable to the concerns and anxieties of elderly persons. The new material thus refers explicitly to situations related to age; it aims to enable older persons to express needs they cannot verbalize during consultations. The psychodynamic approach to thematic testing is based on the differentiation between the pictures’ manifest and latent content, eliciting responses linked to mental processes and issues the respondent is unaware of. The cards do not necessarily have to show aging characters to elicit identification: The situations shown in the pictures are linked to loss, rivalry, helplessness, and renunciation, all issues elderly respondents can identify with and that lead them to express their mental fragilities and resources. The article first explains the principles underlying four of these thematic tests, then develops several examples of stories told for card 3BM of the TAT, thus showing the effectiveness of this tool for the understanding and differentiation of loss-related issues facing older men and women.

Empathy as moderator of gender differences in Chinese insurance agents' business ethical sensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ethical Sensitivity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Insurance Agents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

To expand the business ethics research field, and to increase society's understanding of Chinese insurance agents' business ethics, we investigated how gender differences are related to agents' business ethical sensitivity and whether or not these relationships are moderated by empathy. Through a regression analysis of the factors associated with the business ethical sensitivity of 417 Chinese insurance agents, we found that gender played an important role in affecting business ethical sensitivity, and empathy significantly affected business ethical sensitivity. Furthermore, empathy had a moderating effect on the relationship between gender and business ethical sensitivity. Both men and women with strong empathy scored high on business ethical sensitivity; however, men with strong empathy had higher levels of business ethical sensitivity than did women with little empathy. The findings add to the literature by providing insight into the mechanisms responsible for the benefits of empathy in increasing business ethical sensitivity.

Weight Identity Among Older Adults in the United States: Genetic and Environmental Influences

2018 ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
Robbee Wedow ◽  
Daniel A. Briley ◽  
Susan E. Short ◽  
Jason Boardman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Perceived Weight ◽  
Midlife Adults

This chapter uses twin pairs from the Midlife in the United States study to investigate the genetic and environmental influences on perceived weight status for midlife adults. The inquiry builds on previous work investigating the same phenomenon in adolescents, and it shows that perceived weight status is not only heritable, but also heritable beyond objective weight. Subjective assessment of physical weight is independent of one’s physical weight and described as “weight identity.” Importantly, significant differences are shown in the heritability of weight identity among men and women. The chapter ends by discussing the potential relevance of these findings for broader social identity research.

Factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Brazilian study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nathália de Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Humberta Correia Silva Azambuja ◽  
Tatiana Carvalho Reis Martins ◽  
Rosimeire Aparecida Manoel Seixas ◽  
Bruna Moretti Luchesi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Factors associated with fear of falling among frail older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041
Author(s):  
Francisco M. Martínez-Arnau ◽  
Lucía Prieto-Contreras ◽  
Pilar Pérez-Ros
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Frail Older Adults ◽  
Factors Associated
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document