scholarly journals Interdependence of Approach and Avoidance Goals in Romantic Couples Over Days and Months

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Jenna Wünsche ◽  
Janina L Bühler ◽  
Rebekka Weidmann ◽  
Robert P Burriss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
State Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Male Couples ◽  
Relationship Duration ◽  
Goal Interdependence ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Avoidance Goals

Abstract Objectives Despite the centrality of people’s approach goals (i.e., approach toward positive outcomes) and avoidance goals (i.e., avoidance of negative outcomes) in romantic relationships, little is known about the interdependence of approach and avoidance relationship goals between partners. Assuming that short-term, state-level goals accumulate into general goal tendencies, the present research tested whether partners’ daily (i.e., state level) and aggregated daily (i.e., trait level) approach and avoidance goals are mutually predictive in the short term (after one day) and the long term (after 10–12 months). In addition, we explored whether goal interdependence unfolds differently across adulthood and in relationships of different duration. Method Approach and avoidance goals were assessed daily on two 14-day measurement-burst occasions that were conducted 10–12 months apart. The sample consisted of N = 456 female–male couples (age: M = 33.6, SD = 13.8 years; relationship duration: M = 9.6, SD = 10.7 years). Results We observed significant short- and long-term partner effects in the prediction of couple members’ approach and avoidance goals. These partner effects were restricted to trait level and they did not emerge at the state level. Almost all effects were independent of age and relationship duration. Discussion The present research underscores the importance of disentangling state- and trait-level goal tendencies when investigating the interdependence of approach and avoidance goals within romantic relationships.

Moving toward more perfect unions: Daily and long-term consequences of approach and avoidance goals in romantic relationships.

2010 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily A. Impett ◽  
Amie M. Gordon ◽  
Aleksandr Kogan ◽  
Christopher Oveis ◽  
Shelly L. Gable ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Avoidance Goals

scholarly journals Efficacy of a bystander intervention for preventing dating violence in Brazilian adolescents: short-term evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Brito dos Santos ◽  
Sheila Giardini Murta ◽  
Luis Gustavo do Amaral Vinha ◽  
Juliana Silva de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Short Term Evaluation ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Brazilian Culture

Abstract Peers are the preferred source of help for Brazilian adolescents who experience dating violence. However, they are not always the best informants for effective responses for dealing with situations of violence in romantic relationships among peers. This experimental study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of three aspects of a peer- and bystander approach-based intervention: the intent to offer help, empathy, and bystander attitudes in response to dating violence in a Brazilian sample of adolescents. The study’s participants were 33 adolescents randomized in two groups: experimental group (EG, n = 14) and control group (CG, n = 19). The EG underwent three weekly intervention sessions of 90 min each on the healthy versus violent romantic relationships, the quality of friendship in the peer network, and the role of the bystander, while the CG received no intervention. Evaluations were performed 1 week before and two and half months after the intervention. Statistically significant differences between EG and CG at post-test were not found in intention to help, empathy, and bystander attitudes. Future studies should include evaluations of larger samples and mid- and long-term follow-ups to identify patterns of change over the long term as well as examine barriers to utilization of bystander behaviors by adolescents in Brazilian culture.

scholarly journals Creating Relationships Using On-Line Dating Services: A Preliminary Mapping of French People’s Views

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mélanie Gauché ◽  
Lucie Brard
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
On Line ◽  
Scenario Technique ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Affective Involvement

We explored people’s views regarding the kind of relationship that can be expected and created using such websites. In the current study, we used the same scenario technique. Vignettes depicting the kind of relationship an individual expected to find through the use of an online dating service were created by orthogonal combination of five factors: (a) passion; that is, the level of personal, affective involvement in the relationship, (b) intimacy; that is, the type of relationship desired (friendship vs. intimate/sexual), (c) commitment; that is, the expected duration of the relationship (short term vs. long term), (d) the user’s gender, and (e) the user’s age. Three contrasted positions were found. A minority of participants considered that creating a relationship using dating services was never very easy. A plurality of participants considered that creating either long-term romantic relationships or short-term, more “utilitarian” relationships was considerably easier than creating either short-term romantic relationships or long-term, more “utilitarian” relationships. Another plurality of participants considered that creating any relationship was quite possible. These participants disconnected the commonly admitted association between the duration of a relationship and level of emotional involvement. In other words, they considered that creating a passionate but short-lived relationship was not more difficult than creating any other kind of relationships.

scholarly journals Possible role for mRNA stability in the ammonium-controlled regulation of nitrate reductase expression

1994 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
A C Cannons ◽  
L C Pendleton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Mrna Stability ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
State Level ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

Ammonium, or a metabolite of ammonium, represses the expression of nitrate reductase (NR) in Chlorella vulgaris. The removal of ammonium and addition of nitrate (induction) resulted in a rapid (20 min) peaked synthesis of NR mRNA. Nitrate reductase protein and activity increased at a much lower rate, reaching their maxima by 8 h. Ammonium added to nitrate-grown cells resulted in a dramatic decrease in NR mRNA from a steady-state level to undetectable levels within 15 min of ammonium addition. Nitrate reductase activity and protein levels decreased to 20% and 40% of initial levels respectively over 8 h. The half-life for NR mRNA under these conditions was estimated to be less than 5 min, compared with 120 min for NR protein. Such rapid decreases in NR mRNA suggested a degradation and/or cessation in NR mRNA transcription. No apparent difference in NR mRNA-specific RNAase activity of crude cell extracts (NR-induced or repressed) was observed. However, a significant difference in the susceptibility to degradation of NR mRNA from long-term nitrate-grown cells compared with the NR mRNA isolated from short-term induced cells (20 min in nitrate) was observed. NR mRNA isolated from long-term-nitrate-grown cells was completely degraded by RNAases in cell extracts under conditions in which the NR mRNA isolated from short-term induced cells was resistant to degradation. These results suggest that mRNA stability may be an important factor in the metabolic regulation of assimilatory nitrate reductase in Chlorella.

A Multiple Streams Analysis of Recent Changes to State-Level Dyslexia Education Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036-1068
Author(s):  
Brian Gearin ◽  
Jessica Turtura ◽  
Edward J. Kame’enui ◽  
Nancy J. Nelson ◽  
Hank Fien
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
State Level ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Multiple Streams ◽  
Short Term ◽  
School Practice ◽  
Policy Window ◽  
Multiple Streams Approach ◽  
And Training

This article provides an overview of recent changes to state-level dyslexia legislation. It begins by applying a variant of Kingdon’s multiple streams approach to explain how the dyslexia education “policy window” came to be opened. The article then describes the most likely effects and side effects of the new laws. Likely short-term effects include (a) a greater focus in schools on dyslexia screening and intervention, (b) greater use of multitiered systems of support and explicit instruction, and (c) changes in teacher preparation and training. Possible long-term effects include a reconceptualization of what constitutes “normal” school practice.

scholarly journals Testing the Feasibility of a Media Multitasking Self-regulation Intervention for Students: Behaviour Change, Attention, and Self-perception

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Parry ◽  
Daniel B. le Roux ◽  
Jason Bantjes
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
State Level ◽  
Media Multitasking ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Goal Alignment ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Trait Level

Media multitasking has been associated with a number of adverse cognitive, psychosocial, and functional outcomes. In particular, associations between media multitasking and the executive or cognitive control processes theorised to underlie the execution of goal-directed behaviour have been shown. In response to calls for investigations considering the remedial efficacy of interventions targeting media multitasking and related cognitive effects, the present study investigates the feasibility of a self-regulation based media multitasking intervention for a student population. Through a mixed-methods study involving a between-subjects, pre/post experimental design, usage tracking, and follow-up interviews, four feasibility dimensions were investigated: demand, implementation, acceptability, and efficacy. The findings indicate, firstly, that a greater cognisance of media behaviour is key to behaviour change and goal-alignment, secondly, that such behavioural changes were perceived to enable more instances of single-tasking, goal-oriented task-execution and, as a result, engender state-level changes in attentional strategies and, thirdly, that short-term behavioural changes do not necessarily imply trait-level changes in cognitive functioning. Key implications for media-effects research in general and, more specifically, for research concerning media-related interference are discussed.

Is pulling the lever sexy? Deontology as a downstream cue to long-term mate quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 957-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Brown ◽  
Donald F. Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Trolley Problem ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Communicative Functions ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Prosocial Intentions

Deontological and utilitarian moral decisions have unique communicative functions within the context of group living. Deontology more strongly communicates prosocial intentions, fostering greater perceptions of trust and desirability in general affiliative contexts. This general trustworthiness may extend to perceptions of fidelity in romantic relationships, leading to perceptions of deontological persons as better long-term mates, relative to utilitarians. In two studies, participants indicated desirability of both deontologists and utilitarians in long-term mating (LTM) and short-term mating contexts. In Study 1 ( n = 102), women perceived a deontological man as more interested in long-term bonds, more desirable for LTM, and less prone to infidelity, relative to a utilitarian man. However, utilitarian men were undesirable as short-term mates. Study 2 ( n = 112) had both men and women rate opposite-sex targets’ desirability after learning of their moral decisions in a trolley problem. We replicated women’s preference for deontological men as long-term mates. Interestingly, both men and women reporting personal deontological motives were particularly sensitive to deontology communicating long-term desirability and fidelity, which could be a product of the general affiliative signal from deontology. Thus, one’s moral basis for decision-making, particularly deontologically motivated moral decisions, may communicate traits valuable in LTM contexts.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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