scholarly journals Do Mediators Linking Childhood Conditions to Late-Life Chronic Inflammation Vary by Race?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 461-462
Author(s):  
Kenneth Ferraro ◽  
Patricia Morton
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Health Lifestyles

Abstract Recent findings suggest that childhood exposures can lead to chronic inflammation decades later, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are relatively unknown. We investigate how childhood exposures influence adult chronic inflammation (measured by C-reactive protein) and examine five potential mediators comprising two midlife domains: socioeconomic status (SES) and health lifestyles. Using a sample of 8,891 adults aged 51 and older from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the analysis tests whether these life course mediators operate differently for Black, White, and Hispanic Americans. Among the six childhood domains examined, low SES and risky parental behaviors predict adult chronic inflammation, but adult health lifestyles mediate the effects of childhood SES and parental behavior. Adult SES also mediates the effect of childhood SES. Smoking and wealth exert stronger direct and indirect effects on adult inflammation for White Americans compared to Black Americans whereas BMI and exercise exert stronger direct and indirect effects for White Americans compared to Hispanic Americans. Although education mediated the effect of childhood SES on adult chronic inflammation, its effects did not vary by race. These results demonstrate that the physiological consequences of childhood exposures are carried into late-life via adult lifestyle factors and SES. In addition, the life course antecedents of chronic inflammation are distinct for Black, White, and Hispanic Americans. Future research investigating the early origins of adult health should consider not only multiple midlife mechanisms but also how resource mediation varies by race and ethnicity.

Health Lifestyles in Adolescence and Self-rated Health into Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Burdette ◽  
Belinda L. Needham ◽  
Miles G. Taylor ◽  
Terrence D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Health Lifestyles ◽  
Health Lifestyle

Do health behaviors cluster together as health lifestyles in adolescence? Are these lifestyles socially patterned? Do these lifestyles impact physical health into adulthood? To answer these questions, we employed data from Waves 1 and 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( n = 7,827). Our latent class analysis revealed four health lifestyles: (a) low risk, (b) moderate risk with substance use, (c) moderate risk with inactivity, and (d) high risk. As suggested by health lifestyle theory, membership in these classes varied according to gender, race-ethnicity, and family structure. Consistent with the life course perspective, regression analyses indicated that those in the high-risk lifestyle tend to exhibit worse health in adolescence and adulthood than those in the low-risk lifestyle. Our findings confirm that socially patterned lifestyles can be observed in adolescence, and these lifestyles are potentially important for understanding the distribution of physical health across the early life course.

ANALISIS JALUR PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM BERMEDIA SOSIAL DAN CITRA USAHA TERHADAP MINAT BERKUNJUNG KE RUMAH MAKAN MIE AYAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ambarwati Dan Anita Sumelvia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Analysis Techniques

This study aims to determine the total direct and indirect effects of consumer behavior in social media on the interest in visiting the Pak Kumis Chicken Noodle restaurant greater than 0.5 (50%). In this study, researchers conducted an associative approach with the variables studied, namely consumer behavior in social media taking, visiting interest and business image. The population in this study were 29 consumers who visited the Pak Kumis Chicken Noodles restaurant in Kediri and were willing to fill out the questionnaire in the middle of January 2018. The data analysis used path analysis techniques and sampling techniques using purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques are carried out by conducting a survey to the research location through a questionnaire by submitting the questions to be filled in by the respondent in the middle of January 2018. From this study, it can be concluded that consumer behavior in social media directly influences the interest of visitation, consumer behavior in social media does not have an indirect effect through corporate image, and interests have an indirect effect through corporate image. The other variables that can affect the interest of visitation such as promotion, suitability between wants and needs, and other things that need to be considered for future research. It is hoped that there will be other variables that influence the interest of visitation which need to be considered by the next researcher or object of research. Key words: Consumer behavior in social media taking, interest of visitation, business image

How Positive Framing May Fuel Opposition to Low-Carbon Technologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerdien de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Boomerang Effect ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Over Time

Low-carbon technologies are necessary to combat global warming. However, they are often opposed by members of the general public, causing costly delays and cancellations. In this article, I argue that language may be a relevant cause of such opposition. I introduce a theoretical model describing a boomerang effect in which positively framed communication about low-carbon technologies may actually lead to opposition in the long run. An example of positive framing is emphasising the climate benefits of a technology while neglecting to mention associated safety risks. I predict that, over time, people begin to perceive positive framing as an attempt to manipulate them into supporting a technology. In turn, this perceived manipulation may make them feel that their freedom to make their own decision to support or oppose the technology is under threat. To counter this behavioural threat, people may begin to oppose low-carbon technologies. My boomerang model further describes how certain characteristics of the source of information as well as of the recipient may influence both the direct and indirect effects of positive framing. I then discuss the model’s implications for effective communication and indicate directions for future research.

Early development, stress and depression across the life course: pathways to depression in a national British birth cohort

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 2845-2854 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Colman ◽  
P. B. Jones ◽  
D. Kuh ◽  
M. Weeks ◽  
K. Naicker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Developmental Milestones ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Adult Depression ◽  
The Life Course

BackgroundThe aetiology of depression is multifactorial, with biological, cognitive and environmental factors across the life course influencing risk of a depressive episode. There is inconsistent evidence linking early life development and later depression. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between low birthweight (LBW), infant neurodevelopment, and acute and chronic stress as components in pathways to depression in adulthood.MethodThe sample included 4627 members of the National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD; the 1946 British birth cohort). Weight at birth, age of developmental milestones, economic deprivation in early childhood, acute stressors in childhood and adulthood, and socio-economic status (SES) in adulthood were assessed for their direct and indirect effects on adolescent (ages 13 and 15 years) and adult (ages 36, 43 and 53 years) measures of depressive symptoms in a structural equation modelling (SEM) framework. A structural equation model developed to incorporate all variables exhibited excellent model fit according to several indices.ResultsThe path of prediction from birthweight to age of developmental milestones to adolescent depression/anxiety to adult depression/anxiety was significant (p < 0.001). Notably, direct paths from birthweight (p = 0.25) and age of developmental milestones (p = 0.23) to adult depression were not significant. Childhood deprivation and stressors had important direct and indirect effects on depression. Stressors in adulthood were strongly associated with adult depression.ConclusionsDepression in adulthood is influenced by an accumulation of stressors across the life course, including many that originate in the first years of life. Effects of early-life development on mental health appear by adolescence.

scholarly journals Validating Psychosocial Pathways of Risk Between Neuroticism and Late Life Depression Using a Polygenic Score Approach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Janford Li ◽  
Emily C. Hilton ◽  
Qiongshi Lu ◽  
Jinkuk Hong ◽  
Jan S. Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Polygenic Score ◽  
Study Results

Neuroticism is a stable and heritable personality trait that is strongly linked to depression. Yet, little is known about its association with late life depression, as well as how neuroticism eventuates into depression. This study used data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS; N=4,877) to examine the direct and indirect effects of neuroticism on late life depression at three points in the life course – ages 53, 64, and 71 – via stressful life events (i.e., independent and dependent) and social supports measured across adulthood and into later life. Neuroticism was rigorously assayed using multiple methods, including self-report measures and a polygenic score informed by a meta-analytic genome-wide association study. Results indicated that the association between self-reported neuroticism and late life depression was partially mediated via the effects of dependent stressful life events experienced after the age of 53 and by age 64 (T2) social support. There were no specific indirect effects of self-reported neuroticism on depression through the effects of age 53 social support (T1), age 71 social support (T3), adult dependent stressful life events (experienced between age 19 and 52), and adult and late life independent stressful life events. These associations were replicated when we examined the direct and indirect effects of the polygenic score for neuroticism on late life depression, providing key evidence that our findings are robust. Results are consistent with previous findings that individuals with high neuroticism may be vulnerable to late life depression through psychosocial risk factors that are, in part, attributable to their own personality.

scholarly journals Exploring the Environmental Manifestation of Types of Music on Reinforcing Mindfulness and Concurrent Calorie Intake

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412096727
Author(s):  
Misba Hussain ◽  
Helen Egan ◽  
Rebecca Keyte ◽  
Michail Mantzios
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
State Mindfulness ◽  
Sweet Foods

Background The role of music on energy intake is conflicting, and recent research has suggested a positive association between classical music listening and mindfulness. Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of music, specifically classical music on state mindfulness and calorie intake of energy-dense foods. Method One hundred participants were randomly assigned to either a classical, popular or no music condition, and were served a variety of sweet (i.e., chocolate and cookies) and savoury (i.e., crisps) energy-dense foods. Results: The results found no significant differences in state mindfulness, overall calorie intake, or intake of sweet foods across the three conditions. However, participants in the classical music condition did consume significantly less savoury food than those in the no music condition. Conclusion Playing classical music may be beneficial in reducing intake of savoury foods, but not through the association to changes in state mindfulness. Future research should explore extended sessions of music listening on state mindfulness and other experiential evaluations of mindfulness to conclude on the direct and indirect effects of music on sweet and savoury foods.

scholarly journals Health Lifestyles and the Transition to Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312094207
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lawrence ◽  
Stefanie Mollborn ◽  
Joshua Goode ◽  
Fred Pampel
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Health Lifestyles ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Adult Roles ◽  
The Life Course

Prior research has shown the theoretical importance and empirical feasibility of health lifestyles but has not examined their patterns over the life course or their dynamic associations with socioeconomic status (SES) and adult roles. The authors develop and apply a life-course approach to understanding individuals’ health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood, using U.S. data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health ( n = 6,863). The results show that ascribed SES is associated with adolescent health lifestyles, and those health lifestyles are associated with later health lifestyles. The results also demonstrate the developmental specificity of health lifestyles. Dissimilarities and variations in the clusterings of behaviors and their associations with SES, along with patterning of adult roles, support a contextualized, life course–focused interpretation of health lifestyle development. The authors highlight the need for an integrated life-course model of the development of health disparities that combines both stability and change.

scholarly journals Potential Effects of Persistent Organic Contaminants on Marine Biota: A Review on Recent Research

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2488
Author(s):  
Maria C. Vagi ◽  
Andreas S. Petsas ◽  
Maria N. Kostopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Marine System ◽  
Persistent Organic Contaminants

Synthetic organic compounds belonging to different chemical classes and possessing diverse physicochemical properties are frequently present in marine environments. Microplastics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contained in the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have been detected in the global marine system. Numerous ecotoxicological studies have revealed the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic toxicants on marine biota. The present review presents the research that has been conducted during the period from 1 January 2016 to 30 June2021 concerning the lethal and sub-lethal impacts of selected organic-synthetic stressors on different plant and animal marine species, and summarizes the observed or predicted individual and combined effects after exposure to chemical mixtures of such contaminants. Future research needs dependent on the knowledge gaps that remain in the bibliography are also highlighted.

The impact of cultural sensitivity and information exchange on relationship quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 754-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang T.M. Nguyen ◽  
Tho Dinh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating roles of cultural sensitivity and information exchange in the impact of market orientation on relationship quality. Design/methodology/approach – Using a survey data set collected from a systematic sample of 297 Vietnamese exporters, the authors tested a model that depicts the direct and indirect effects of market orientation on relationship quality. Findings – The authors found that market orientation has both direct and indirect effects, mediated by cultural sensitivity and information exchange, on relationship quality. Research limitations/implications – A major limitation of this study is the investigation only one side of the dyad, the exporter. Future research should use data collected from two sides of the dyad, the exporter and the importer. Practical implications – The results of this study suggest that, exporters, who want to maintain high quality relationships with importers, should adopt a market-oriented strategy to enhance the degree of cultural sensitization to as well as the level of exchange of information with their importers. Originality/value – This study enhances the understanding of predictors of relationship quality in export markets by confirming the mediating role of cultural sensitivity and information exchange in the impact of market orientation on relationship quality.

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