scholarly journals Potential Effects of Persistent Organic Contaminants on Marine Biota: A Review on Recent Research

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2488
Author(s):  
Maria C. Vagi ◽  
Andreas S. Petsas ◽  
Maria N. Kostopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Marine System ◽  
Persistent Organic Contaminants

Synthetic organic compounds belonging to different chemical classes and possessing diverse physicochemical properties are frequently present in marine environments. Microplastics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contained in the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have been detected in the global marine system. Numerous ecotoxicological studies have revealed the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic toxicants on marine biota. The present review presents the research that has been conducted during the period from 1 January 2016 to 30 June2021 concerning the lethal and sub-lethal impacts of selected organic-synthetic stressors on different plant and animal marine species, and summarizes the observed or predicted individual and combined effects after exposure to chemical mixtures of such contaminants. Future research needs dependent on the knowledge gaps that remain in the bibliography are also highlighted.

scholarly journals Pengaruh viral marketing dan endorser terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan brand awareness sebagai variabel intervening

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggi Irawan ◽  
Irwan Misbach
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Viral Marketing ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of viral marketing on endorsers on purchasing decisions mediated by brand awareness as mediation. This research is a type of quantitative research with an associative approach. The population in this study were users of Oppo smartphone products in Makassar City. The sampling technique used accidental sampling and purposive sampling. The number of samples was 100 respondents using the Hair formula. The data used are primary data derived from questionnaire answers. Data analysis used Path Analysis with the help of SPSS 21. The results showed that viral marketing and endorsers had a positive and significant effect on brand awareness. Furthermore, viral marketing, endorsers and brand awareness directly have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. In addition, the results of this study also show that brand awareness is able to mediate the relationship between viral marketing and endorsers on purchasing decisions. The implication of this research needs to be reinforced in product promotion so that consumers are able to remember products continuously which can have an impact on product purchasing decisions.

ANALISIS JALUR PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM BERMEDIA SOSIAL DAN CITRA USAHA TERHADAP MINAT BERKUNJUNG KE RUMAH MAKAN MIE AYAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ambarwati Dan Anita Sumelvia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Analysis Techniques

This study aims to determine the total direct and indirect effects of consumer behavior in social media on the interest in visiting the Pak Kumis Chicken Noodle restaurant greater than 0.5 (50%). In this study, researchers conducted an associative approach with the variables studied, namely consumer behavior in social media taking, visiting interest and business image. The population in this study were 29 consumers who visited the Pak Kumis Chicken Noodles restaurant in Kediri and were willing to fill out the questionnaire in the middle of January 2018. The data analysis used path analysis techniques and sampling techniques using purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques are carried out by conducting a survey to the research location through a questionnaire by submitting the questions to be filled in by the respondent in the middle of January 2018. From this study, it can be concluded that consumer behavior in social media directly influences the interest of visitation, consumer behavior in social media does not have an indirect effect through corporate image, and interests have an indirect effect through corporate image. The other variables that can affect the interest of visitation such as promotion, suitability between wants and needs, and other things that need to be considered for future research. It is hoped that there will be other variables that influence the interest of visitation which need to be considered by the next researcher or object of research. Key words: Consumer behavior in social media taking, interest of visitation, business image

scholarly journals Do Mediators Linking Childhood Conditions to Late-Life Chronic Inflammation Vary by Race?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 461-462
Author(s):  
Kenneth Ferraro ◽  
Patricia Morton
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Health Lifestyles

Abstract Recent findings suggest that childhood exposures can lead to chronic inflammation decades later, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are relatively unknown. We investigate how childhood exposures influence adult chronic inflammation (measured by C-reactive protein) and examine five potential mediators comprising two midlife domains: socioeconomic status (SES) and health lifestyles. Using a sample of 8,891 adults aged 51 and older from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the analysis tests whether these life course mediators operate differently for Black, White, and Hispanic Americans. Among the six childhood domains examined, low SES and risky parental behaviors predict adult chronic inflammation, but adult health lifestyles mediate the effects of childhood SES and parental behavior. Adult SES also mediates the effect of childhood SES. Smoking and wealth exert stronger direct and indirect effects on adult inflammation for White Americans compared to Black Americans whereas BMI and exercise exert stronger direct and indirect effects for White Americans compared to Hispanic Americans. Although education mediated the effect of childhood SES on adult chronic inflammation, its effects did not vary by race. These results demonstrate that the physiological consequences of childhood exposures are carried into late-life via adult lifestyle factors and SES. In addition, the life course antecedents of chronic inflammation are distinct for Black, White, and Hispanic Americans. Future research investigating the early origins of adult health should consider not only multiple midlife mechanisms but also how resource mediation varies by race and ethnicity.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature, Substrate Concentration and pH on the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pyrene Biodegradation by Arthrobacter sp. NJ5 Strain

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
I. Gailiūtė ◽  
G. Žėkaitė ◽  
V. Čipinytė ◽  
S. Grigiškis ◽  
G. Dienys
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Pyrene Degradation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Pyrene Concentration ◽  
Persistent Organic Contaminants ◽  
Microbial Attack

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed in the environment and may persist for extended periods of time. PAHs are one of the most important classes of persistent organic contaminants. High molecular weight (HMW) PAHs (compounds containing four or more fused benzene rings) are generally recalcitrant to microbial attack. Until recently, only a few genera of bacteria have been isolated with the ability to utilize four-ring PAHs as sole carbon and energy sources. Because of the toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic characteristics of some, PAHs have been studied extensively by many scientists around the word. This paper presents research results, where 10 microbial strains belonging to genus Arthrobacter sp. and obtained from culture collection of JSC "Biocentras"were tested for the best biodegradation of HMW PAH pyrene. Pyrene degradation experiments were conducted in liquid mineral medium. Pyrene concentration was 0. 2 mg/mL at the beginning of degradation experiments. After 72 h incubation with ten Arthrobacter sp. strains, gas chromatography analysis revealed that highest pyrene degradation (19%) was reached by Arthrobacter sp. NJ5 strain. The effect of medium pH, pyrene concentration and temperature on the intensity of the degradation by the most active strain Arthrobacter NJ5 was investigated.

How Positive Framing May Fuel Opposition to Low-Carbon Technologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerdien de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Boomerang Effect ◽  
Low Carbon Technologies ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Over Time

Low-carbon technologies are necessary to combat global warming. However, they are often opposed by members of the general public, causing costly delays and cancellations. In this article, I argue that language may be a relevant cause of such opposition. I introduce a theoretical model describing a boomerang effect in which positively framed communication about low-carbon technologies may actually lead to opposition in the long run. An example of positive framing is emphasising the climate benefits of a technology while neglecting to mention associated safety risks. I predict that, over time, people begin to perceive positive framing as an attempt to manipulate them into supporting a technology. In turn, this perceived manipulation may make them feel that their freedom to make their own decision to support or oppose the technology is under threat. To counter this behavioural threat, people may begin to oppose low-carbon technologies. My boomerang model further describes how certain characteristics of the source of information as well as of the recipient may influence both the direct and indirect effects of positive framing. I then discuss the model’s implications for effective communication and indicate directions for future research.

scholarly journals Exploring the Environmental Manifestation of Types of Music on Reinforcing Mindfulness and Concurrent Calorie Intake

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412096727
Author(s):  
Misba Hussain ◽  
Helen Egan ◽  
Rebecca Keyte ◽  
Michail Mantzios
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
State Mindfulness ◽  
Sweet Foods

Background The role of music on energy intake is conflicting, and recent research has suggested a positive association between classical music listening and mindfulness. Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of music, specifically classical music on state mindfulness and calorie intake of energy-dense foods. Method One hundred participants were randomly assigned to either a classical, popular or no music condition, and were served a variety of sweet (i.e., chocolate and cookies) and savoury (i.e., crisps) energy-dense foods. Results: The results found no significant differences in state mindfulness, overall calorie intake, or intake of sweet foods across the three conditions. However, participants in the classical music condition did consume significantly less savoury food than those in the no music condition. Conclusion Playing classical music may be beneficial in reducing intake of savoury foods, but not through the association to changes in state mindfulness. Future research should explore extended sessions of music listening on state mindfulness and other experiential evaluations of mindfulness to conclude on the direct and indirect effects of music on sweet and savoury foods.

The impact of cultural sensitivity and information exchange on relationship quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 754-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang T.M. Nguyen ◽  
Tho Dinh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating roles of cultural sensitivity and information exchange in the impact of market orientation on relationship quality. Design/methodology/approach – Using a survey data set collected from a systematic sample of 297 Vietnamese exporters, the authors tested a model that depicts the direct and indirect effects of market orientation on relationship quality. Findings – The authors found that market orientation has both direct and indirect effects, mediated by cultural sensitivity and information exchange, on relationship quality. Research limitations/implications – A major limitation of this study is the investigation only one side of the dyad, the exporter. Future research should use data collected from two sides of the dyad, the exporter and the importer. Practical implications – The results of this study suggest that, exporters, who want to maintain high quality relationships with importers, should adopt a market-oriented strategy to enhance the degree of cultural sensitization to as well as the level of exchange of information with their importers. Originality/value – This study enhances the understanding of predictors of relationship quality in export markets by confirming the mediating role of cultural sensitivity and information exchange in the impact of market orientation on relationship quality.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

Locus of Control, Safety Attitudes and Involvement in Hazardous Events in Indian Army Aviators

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Joseph ◽  
Suhasini Reddy ◽  
Kanwal Kashore Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Confidence

Locus of control (LOC), safety attitudes, and involvement in hazardous events were studied in 205 Indian Army aviators using a questionnaire-based method. A positive correlation was found between external LOC and involvement in hazardous events. Higher impulsivity and anxiety, and decreased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial were associated with a greater number of hazardous events. Higher external LOC was associated with higher impulsivity, anxiety, and weather anxiety and with lower self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Internal LOC was associated with increased self-confidence, safety orientation, and denial. Hazardous events and self-confidence were higher in those involved in accidents than those not involved in accidents. Future research needs to address whether training can effectively modify LOC and negative attitudes, and whether this would cause a reduction in, and better management of, human errors.

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