scholarly journals Transcending the Corporeal in Later Old Age?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 591-592
Author(s):  
Paul Higgs

Abstract This symposium addresses the older body and later life. It focusses on the cultural and social implications of the corporeality of the ageing body. Specifically it seeks to explore the degree to which it is possible to transcend the constraints brought about by the body in later old age. Drawing the distinction between the third and fourth ages for understanding contemporary ageing the papers address three important dimensions of later old age. The first presentation by Gilleard directly addresses the corporeality of late old age noting its seeming undesirability and limitation. Gilleard posits that not only does the ageing body impact on the lived experiences of those in later old age but also acts as a cultural reference point for the representation of this period of the life course. Eliopoulos presents preliminary results from her qualitative study on social exclusion of individuals aged over 80 living in remote island environments of the Pacific Northwest. The research considers how such environments might, even in the absence of high levels of health and social care resources, mitigate some of the constraints associated with the ageing body. The chair, Paul Higgs will discuss the issue of ageism and how it is abstractly inscribed on the ageing body; often with little reference to the lived experiences of older people themselves. He will call for a more reflexive approach to ageism. Overall, the symposium seeks to draw gerontological attention to the complexities and possibilities surrounding the ageing body at later ages.

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat M. Keith

A model of singleness in later life was developed to show how the social context may influence the personal and social resources of older, unmarried persons. The unmarried (especially the divorced) will be an increasing proportion of the aged population in the future, and they will require more services than will the married. Role transitions of the unmarried over the life course, finances, health, and social relationships of older singles are discussed with implications for practice and future research.


2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINA E. BUSE

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the embodied dimensions of computer and internet use in later life, and examines how technology use relates to constructions and experiences of the ageing body. It is argued that previous research on technology use and embodiment has neglected older bodies, in contrast to research on gender and disability. Furthermore, while earlier theorisations presented internet use as disembodied, it is argued that the experience of using such technologies is grounded in our embodiment. In the light of these limitations and arguments for more complete theories of the body, this paper explores how technology use relates to various aspects of embodiment. These issues are examined in the light of data from qualitative interviews and time-use diaries completed by retirees in 17 households in the United Kingdom. By examining the ‘technobiographies’ of these older computer users, it is shown that changes in body techniques are prompted and in some cases required by broader cultural and technological change. The findings evince the process of acquiring computing skills as an embodied competency, and as a form of ‘practical knowledge’ that can only be ‘learned by doing’. These experiences of technology use were embedded within constructions and experiences of ageing bodies. Although the participants drew on discourses of ageing in complex ways, their coding of computer technologies in terms of the competences of youth often reproduced hierarchies between young and old bodies.


2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA HURD CLARKE ◽  
MERIDITH GRIFFIN

ABSTRACTFollowing West and Zimmerman's (1987) theoretical understanding of how gender identities are created and maintained, this paper examines the ways in which older women learned from their mothers how ‘to do gender’ through their bodies and specifically their physical appearances. Extracts from semi-structured interviews with 44 women aged 50 to 70 years have been drawn upon to identify and discuss the ways in which women perceive, manage and present their bodies using socially-constructed ideals of beauty and femininity. More specifically, three ways that women learned ‘to do gender’ are examined: from their mothers' criticisms and compliments about their appearance at different stages of the lifecourse; from their mothers' attitudes towards their own bodies when young and in late adulthood; and from the interviewees' own later-life experiences and choices about ‘beauty work’. Interpretative feminism is employed to analyse how the women exercised agency while constructing body-image meanings in a social context that judges women on their ability to achieve and maintain the prevailing ideal of female beauty. The study extends previous research into the influence of the mother-daughter relationship on young women's body image. The findings suggest that mothers are important influences on their daughters' socialisation into body-image and beauty work, and exert, or are perceived to exert, accountability across the life-course.


Author(s):  
Catherine Oppenheimer

This chapter covers disorders of personality in later life, including personality changes caused by dementia. There is little agreement on how best to measure personality in old age. Nevertheless, it is clear that specific changes in personality accompany dementia, particularly fronto-temporal dementia. Personality disorder (PD) in older people has been little studied and is beset by problems of definition. The current (DSM-IV) categories of PD need modification to take account of the biological and cultural contexts of old age before valid studies of the epidemiology and the life course of PDs can be made. An older person’s personality style will profoundly influence their adjustment to major life-stresses, and good care depends on clinicians’ understanding of this. Long-standing personality traits are probably important in the development of the Diogenes syndrome (extreme self-neglect) in later life.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S427-S427
Author(s):  
Daniel Belsky

Abstract We conducted analysis to test if health disparities in cognitive aging were parallel to or different from health disparities in patterns of aging in other systems in the body, and if race/ethnicity-related disparities could be accounted for by differences in socioeconomic circumstances across the life-course. We analyzed data from more than 10,000 adults participating in the US NHANES and US Health and Retirement Study. We measured cognitive aging using neuropsychological tests of processing speed and memory. We measured aging in other systems using composite indices of biological aging based on organ-system function tests and blood chemistries. We conducted analysis to (i) quantify and compare health disparities in cognitive aging and biological aging; (ii) test if individuals exhibiting accelerated cognitive aging were also exhibiting accelerated biological aging; and (iii) test if race/ethnic disparities in cognitive and biological aging could be explained by measured socioeconomic resource differences in childhood and later life.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana van Deurzen ◽  
Bram Vanhoutte

Are challenging life courses associated with more wear and tear on the biological level? This study investigates this question from a life-course perspective by examining the influence of life-course risk accumulation on allostatic load (AL), considering the role of sex and birth cohorts. Using biomarker data collected over three waves (2004, 2008, and 2012) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing ( N = 3,824) in a growth curve framework, AL trajectories over a period of 8 years are investigated. Our results illustrate that AL increases substantially in later life. Men have higher AL than women, but increases are similar for both sexes. Older cohorts have both higher levels and a steeper increase of AL over time. Higher risk accumulation over the life course goes hand in hand with higher AL levels and steeper trajectories, contributing to the body of evidence on cumulative (dis)advantage processes in later life.


2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1435-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINA BUSE ◽  
SARAH NETTLETON ◽  
DARYL MARTIN ◽  
JULIA TWIGG

ABSTRACTThis article comprises a sociological analysis of how architects imagine the ageing body when designing residential care homes for later life and the extent to which they engage empathetically with users. Drawing on interviews with architectural professionals based in the United Kingdom, we offer insight into the ways in which architects envisage the bodies of those who they anticipate will populate their buildings. Deploying the notions of ‘body work’ and ‘the body multiple’, our analysis reveals how architects imagined a variety of bodies in nuanced ways. These imagined bodies emerge as they talked through the practicalities of the design process. Moreover, their conceptions of bodies were also permeated by prevailing ideologies of caring: although we found that they sought to resist dominant discourses of ageing, they nevertheless reproduced these discourses. Architects’ constructions of bodies are complicated by the collaborative nature of the design process, where we find an incessant juggling between the competing demands of multiple stakeholders, each of whom anticipate other imagined bodies and seek to shape the design of buildings to meet their requirements. Our findings extend a nascent sociological literature on architecture and social care by revealing how architects participate in the shaping of care for later life as ‘body workers’, but also how their empathic aspirations can be muted by other imperatives driving the marketisation of care.


Author(s):  
Torbjörn Bildtgård ◽  
Peter Öberg

It is often claimed that ‘love is ageless’. But is this really true? This chapter raises the question: is there something that sets intimate relationships in later life apart from relationships in earlier parts of the life course? While earlier chapters have considered how intimate relationships in later life are shaped by historical and cultural conditions, this chapter instead focuses on how they are shaped by the particular existential structure of later life. It is argued that old age is a life phase characterized by a paradox of time: that of having lots of available free time, but little time left in life – and that this existential structure shapes intimacy in later life. It is further argued that the scope of this theoretical insight is much wider than the topic of intimate relationships.


2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E Swane

Old persons in nursing homes suffer from complex diseases, pain and the loss of physical functions and memory. They embody the notion of ‘deep old age’, the ‘fourth age’, as recipients of personal care, medicine, meals and organised activities. People in nursing homes are also part of a society in which media have become a regular feature of everyday life. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Danish nursing homes, this article explores old persons’ subjective interaction with media technologies and material objects. Embodiment and agency are central analytical concepts for understanding residents’ use of media artefacts when the body is in pain and loses functionality. With theories of domestication and biographical situation, this article reveals how media are important for residents in making an institutional dwelling ‘their home’. Media seem to bridge the gap between institutionalisation and a long life’s preferences and participation in social and cultural worlds. This article forms part of ‘Media and the Ageing Body’ Special Issue.


2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánkova

In the 1990s, the World Health Organization adopted the term ’’active ageing’’, which currently represents a key vision of old age in Western societies facing the situation of demographic ageing. The meaning of the idea of active ageing is based on the concept of individuals actively and systematically influencing the conditions of their ageing through selfresponsibility and self-care. The aim of this article is to map how the idea of active ageing is constructed and the implications it presents with regard to the way in which seniors relate to their experience of old age. It concentrates on a specific segment of senior-oriented social services (centres for seniors that offer leisure time activities and educational courses) that represent an institutional context for the manifestation of the discourse of active ageing. A three-year ethnographic study was conducted in two such centres in the Czech Republic. The article focuses on various strategies for the disciplining of the ageing body. It points out that these disciplinary practices are an integral part of the daily running of the centres and that the seniors who intensively engage in them have internalised the idea of an active lifestyle as the most desirable lifestyle in old age. Active ageing was constructed by them as a project that must be worked on. Through the ’’technologies of self’’ embedded in the imperative of the necessity to move or do something, they participate in the production of the discourse of active ageing as a form of discipline of the body. At the same time, the article outlines how the idea of active ageing as the ’’correct’’ form of ageing influences the self-conception of these seniors and their attitudes towards ageing and their peers.


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