Leisure in old age: disciplinary practices surrounding the discourse of active ageing

In the 1990s, the World Health Organization adopted the term ’’active ageing’’, which currently represents a key vision of old age in Western societies facing the situation of demographic ageing. The meaning of the idea of active ageing is based on the concept of individuals actively and systematically influencing the conditions of their ageing through selfresponsibility and self-care. The aim of this article is to map how the idea of active ageing is constructed and the implications it presents with regard to the way in which seniors relate to their experience of old age. It concentrates on a specific segment of senior-oriented social services (centres for seniors that offer leisure time activities and educational courses) that represent an institutional context for the manifestation of the discourse of active ageing. A three-year ethnographic study was conducted in two such centres in the Czech Republic. The article focuses on various strategies for the disciplining of the ageing body. It points out that these disciplinary practices are an integral part of the daily running of the centres and that the seniors who intensively engage in them have internalised the idea of an active lifestyle as the most desirable lifestyle in old age. Active ageing was constructed by them as a project that must be worked on. Through the ’’technologies of self’’ embedded in the imperative of the necessity to move or do something, they participate in the production of the discourse of active ageing as a form of discipline of the body. At the same time, the article outlines how the idea of active ageing as the ’’correct’’ form of ageing influences the self-conception of these seniors and their attitudes towards ageing and their peers.

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Urgensi Revisi Undang-Undang tentang Kesejahteraan Lanjut Usia

Jurnal Aspirasi ◽

10.46807/aspirasi.v11i1.1589 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 43-55

Author(s):

Lukman Nul Hakim

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Old Age ◽

The Elderly ◽

Scientific Study ◽

World Health ◽

Active Ageing ◽

The World ◽

The Law ◽

Health Organization

At present we are witnessing an increasing population of the world's elderly. The World Health Organization (WHO) calls this phenomenon as humanity’s greatest triumph. Indonesia is one of the countries with the most elderly population in the world. The WHO predicts that in 2025 Indonesia will occupy the fifth position with the highest percentage of elderly people in the world. This article tries to answer what is the latest scientific study of the elderly? What should be the category limit old age in Indonesia? Is the revision of the Law Number 13 of 1998 concerning Elderly Welfare (the Elderly Act) is urgent to do? Finally, what is the role of the Indonesian Parliament on this issue? The researcher uses a qualitative method with a combination of interview techniques and literature studies. This article tries to answer what is the latest scientific study of the elderly? What should be the category limit old age in Indonesia? Is the revision of the Law Number 13 of 1998 concerning Elderly Welfare (the Elderly Act) is urgent to do? Finally, what is the role of the Indonesian Parliament on this issue? So if there is an elderly bonus, the burden on productive people will be heavier. Gerontologists introduce the concept of active aging as a solution. A concept that invites us to see the elderly not as burdens but people with economic and social potential. A solutive, comprehensive and implementative policy that is supported by implementers at the central, regional, and community level will make the bonus of the elderly a blessing. Therefore, the revision of Law No. 13 of 1998 on Elderly Welfare is urgently called for, with several important things that must be included, namely the principle of humanity, the rights of the elderly, elderly data collection, and economic protection for the elderly.AbstrakSaat ini kita sedang menyaksikan meningkatnya populasi lanjut usia (lansia) di dunia. World Health Organization (WHO) menyebut fenomena ini sebagai kemenangan terbesar umat manusia. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang mempunyai populasi lansia terbanyak di dunia. WHO memprediksi bahwa pada tahun 2025 Indonesia akan menempati posisi kelima negara dengan persentase lansia tertinggi di dunia. Artikel ini mencoba menjawab bagaimanakah kajian ilmiah terkini tentang lansia? Berapakah sebaiknya batasan kategori usia lansia di Indonesia? Apakah revisi Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 1998 tentang Kesejahteraan Lanjut Usia (UU Lansia) mendesak untuk dilakukan? Terakhir, bagaimana peran DPR RI mengenai isu ini? Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, yaitu dengan kombinasi teknik wawancara dengan pakar dan kajian literatur. Berdasarkan perhitungan dependency ratio oleh BPS, pada tahun 2020 ini 100 orang usia produktif menanggung beban 48 orang non-produktif, sehingga jika terjadi bonus lansia maka beban orang produktif akan semakin berat. Para ahli gerontologi memperkenalkan konsep active ageing sebagai solusi. Sebuah konsep yang mengajak kita memandang lansia bukan sebagai beban melainkan orang-orang yang potensial secara ekonomi dan sosial. Sebuah kebijakan yang solutif, komprehensif dan implementatif yang didukung oleh para pelaksana di tingkat pusat, daerah, dan unsur masyarakat akan menjadikan bonus lansia sebagai berkah. Karena itu revisi UU Lansia mendesak dilakukan, dengan beberapa hal penting yang harus dimasukkan, yaitu prinsip kelanjutusiaan, hak-hak lansia, pendataan lansia, dan proteksi ekonomi bagi lansia.

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Secular Trends of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from Ukraine

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3302

Author(s):

Katarzyna Dereń ◽

Justyna Wyszyńska ◽

Serhiy Nyankovskyy ◽

Olena Nyankovska ◽

Marta Yatsula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Health Organization ◽

Obesity In Children

Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character—more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.

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Engaging older people in healthy and active lifestyles: a systematic review

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x15000781 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 2036-2060 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

JULIA MENICHETTI ◽

PIETRO CIPRESSO ◽

DARIO BUSSOLIN ◽

GUENDALINA GRAFFIGNA

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Promotion ◽

World Health ◽

Active Ageing ◽

Individual Level ◽

Active Lifestyles ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Individual ◽

Health Promotion Interventions ◽

Older Citizens

ABSTRACTIn 2002, the World Health Organization emphasised the concept of active ageing to manage and increase the last third of life. Although many efforts have been made to optimise treatment management, less attention has been paid to health promotion initiatives. To date, few shared guidelines exist that promote an active life in healthy older targets. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review to map health promotion interventions that targeted an active and healthy ageing among older citizens. Articles containing the key term active ageing and seven synonyms were searched for in the electronic databases. Because we were interested in actions aimed to promote healthier lifestyles, we connected the string with the term health. A total of 3,918 titles were retrieved and 20 articles were extracted. Twelve of the 20 studies used group interventions, five interventions targeted the individual level and three interventions targeted the community level. Interventions differed for the health focus of the programmes, which ranged from physical activity interventions to social participation or cognitive functioning. Most of the studies aimed to act on psychological components. The review suggests that different interventions promoted for active ageing are effective in improving specific healthy and active lifestyles; however, no studies were concerned directly with a holistic process of citizen health engagement to improve long-term outcomes.

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Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre mulheres eutróficas

Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas ◽

10.9771/cmbio.v11i2.6682 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 184

Author(s):

Marcela Ribeiro da Costa ◽

Durval Sobreiro Júnior ◽

Crésio Alves

Keyword(s):

Normal Weight ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Font Size ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Skin Fold ◽

Methods Of Evaluation ◽

Health Organization ◽

Body Compositions

Introdução - Apesar da ampla utilização e significativa correlação do IMC (Índice de Massa Corporal) com o diagnóstico de sobrepeso e obesidade, estudos recentes sugerem pouca associação dos valores intermediários de sobrepeso com o percentual de gordura corporal, o que pode subestimar a prevalência de elevada adiposidade e seus riscos à saúde. Métodos - Este estudo comparou o diagnóstico de mulheres consideradas eutróficas pelo critério de IMC preconizado pela OMS (Organização Mundial de Saúde) com a avaliação segundo o cálculo do percentual de gordura corporal aferido por pregas cutâneas. Foram analisadas as fichas de avaliação física de duzentas e quatro alunas matriculadas em uma academia exclusiva para mulheres de Salvador, Bahia, em 2010. Foram analisados peso, altura, prega cutânea tricipital, supra-ilíaca e coxa, além dos cálculos de IMC e percentual de gordura corporal através do programa EVO®. Resultados - Foi observado que apenas 25,95% das mulheres eutróficas pelo valor do IMC permaneceram com mesmo diagnóstico nutricional após avaliação do percentual de gordura corporal. A prevalência de obesidade, segundo o IMC, foi de 6,37% da amostra total, enquanto essa prevalência entre mulheres eutróficas pelo IMC, após avaliação da composição corporal, foi de 38,17%, 6 vezes maior. Observou-se, também, influência da idade na adequação do IMC e percentual de gordura corporal. Discussão - Os achados deste estudo foram compatíveis com outros resultados encontrados na literatura, sugerindo subdiagnóstico do sobrepeso e da obesidade através da classificação do IMC e a necessidade da associação de métodos para uma avaliação clínica mais adequada e um diagnóstico do estado nutricional mais preciso. Abstract Introduction: The BMI (Body Mass Index) is the major parameter currently recommended by the WHO (world health organization) to determine the diagnosis and the treatment to obesity and overweight. The intermediate BMI classification could underestimate the diagnosis when is compared with other evaluation methods. Methods: the aim of this paper is show the relationship between normal BMI and the high percentage body fat evaluated by skin fold thicknesses protocol (Pollock, 1984) in woman from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil in 2010. We compared the classification diagnosis based in BMI and skin fold thicknesses in 204 women age between 20 to 59 years. Results: in our sample, according with the classification based in BMI 74% of subjects was considered normal weight. When we analyzed the skin fold classification only 26% remain with the same diagnosis. Conclusions: Our outcome shows the role of the BMI in the diagnosis of the obesity and overweight must to be considerated and added to other methods of evaluation of the body compositions a skin fold protocols.

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Developing WHO guidelines: Time to formally include evidence from mathematical modelling studies

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.12367.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1584 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Matthias Egger ◽

Leigh Johnson ◽

Christian Althaus ◽

Anna Schöni ◽

Georgia Salanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modelling ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Who Guidelines ◽

Problem Model ◽

Assessment Development ◽

Modelling Studies ◽

Health Organization

In recent years, the number of mathematical modelling studies has increased steeply. Many of the questions addressed in these studies are relevant to the development of World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, but modelling studies are rarely formally included as part of the body of evidence. An expert consultation hosted by WHO, a survey of modellers and users of modelling studies, and literature reviews informed the development of recommendations on when and how to incorporate the results of modelling studies into WHO guidelines. In this article, we argue that modelling studies should routinely be considered in the process of developing WHO guidelines, but particularly in the evaluation of public health programmes, long-term effectiveness or comparative effectiveness. There should be a systematic and transparent approach to identifying relevant published models, and to commissioning new models. We believe that the inclusion of evidence from modelling studies into the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) process is possible and desirable, with relatively few adaptations. No single “one-size-fits-all” approach is appropriate to assess the quality of modelling studies. The concept of the ‘credibility’ of the model, which takes the conceptualization of the problem, model structure, input data, different dimensions of uncertainty, as well as transparency and validation into account, is more appropriate than ‘risk of bias’.

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Physical development of children in St. Petersburg: to the discussion about methods of evaluation

Pediatrician (St Petersburg) ◽

10.17816/ped10233-36 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 33-36

Author(s):

Vera L. Gritsinskaya ◽

Valeria P. Novikova

Keyword(s):

Essential Feature ◽

The Body ◽

International Standards ◽

World Health ◽

School Age Children ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

School Age ◽

Modern School ◽

Health Organization ◽

Growth Assessment

Anthropometric evaluation is an essential feature of pediatric evaluation. Different countries use different approaches in pediatric growth assessment. The article presents a comparative analysis of the body length (BL) indicators of modern school-age children in St. Petersburg with regional standards (1991) and international standards (WHO Growth Reference 2007). Anthropometric evaluation was conducted among 6207 children aged 7 to 17 years; the median, standard deviation and centile distribution of the BL values of school-age children were determined. We found that the values of BL of modern school-age children are higher than that their peers had thirty years ago; in boys, the maximum difference is found during the pubertal growth spurt; Non-parametric and parametric indicators of BL in senior pupils of St. Petersburg are higher than in the standards of the World Health Organization; in junior schoolchildren no difference was found. The data we obtained create the prerequisites for the development of modern regional standards for growth assessment of children and school-age children in St. Petersburg and their practical use for pediatric examinations.

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NEW CORONOVIRUS INFECTION: CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF COVID-19 IN PREGNANT WOMEN

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-8-57-62 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

Allakhyarov D.Z. ◽

Petrov Yu.A. ◽

Chernavsky V.V.

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

The Moment ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Impact

This article presents reviews of literature sources on the clinical and pathogenetic aspects of the course of a new coronovirus infection in pregnant women, in order to analyze the features of the course of COVID-19 in pregnant women and to assess the impact of infection on the body of a woman and a fetus. Pregnancy is a special physiological condition, during which a number of changes occur in the body, not only in the hormonal status, but also in the immune system. The urgency of this problem is due to the high prevalence of new coronavirus infection among the population. On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO), as a result of the dynamic development of the epidemic in many countries and continents, declared a global pandemic of the contagious disease COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. According to available studies, pregnant women are more susceptible to a more severe course of infectious diseases affecting the upper respiratory tract. According to various studies, a new coronavirus infection can lead to premature birth, miscarriage, and preeclampsia. Separate studies show increased mortality in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 virus does not have a direct teratogenic effect on the fetus, but it can indirectly lead to harmful effects on the developing organism. Special attention should be paid to the issue of vaccination of pregnant women against a new coronavirus infection, at the moment there is no accurate data on the effect of the vaccine on the body of the pregnant woman and the fetus. In this regard, the question of the impact of a new coronavirus infection on the course of pregnancy has become relevant.

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Introduction

Leprosy ◽

10.5744/florida/9781683401841.003.0001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Charlotte A. Roberts

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Mycobacterium Leprae ◽

Relative Strength ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Neglected Tropical Disease ◽

The World ◽

Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽

History Of ◽

Health Organization

This chapter introduces leprosy, an infection that is still misunderstood and considered a neglected tropical disease but declining in frequency, according to the World Health Organization. The bacteria that cause leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis, are outlined, as well as how a relative strength of a person’s immune system determines how leprosy affects the body. Although leprosy is curable, associated stigma and disability remain common challenges for people with the disease in parts of the world. The goals and structure of the book are outlined, ten myths that still pervade society at large are listed, and the use of the word “leper” discussed. Based on World Health Organization data, the chapter also explores the frequency of leprosy today, where the infection remains a challenge, and the history of detecting and reporting evidence for leprosy in living populations. Finally, the reasons why bioarchaeologists have an interest in this infection are explored.

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Adipokines and Obesity. Potential Link to Metabolic Disorders and Chronic Complications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21103570 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 3570 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Katarzyna Zorena ◽

Olga Jachimowicz-Duda ◽

Daniel Ślęzak ◽

Marlena Robakowska ◽

Małgorzata Mrugacz

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Biologically Active ◽

World Health ◽

Target Cells ◽

Fatty Tissue ◽

Chronic Complications ◽

Overweight People ◽

Cochrane Database ◽

Potential Link ◽

Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized obesity as one of the top ten threats to human health. It is estimated that the number of obese and overweight people worldwide exceeds the number of those who are undernourished. Obesity is not only a state of abnormally increased adipose tissue in the body, but also of increased release of biologically active adipokines. Adipokines released into the circulating blood, due to their specific receptors on the surface of target cells, act as classic hormones affecting the metabolism of tissues and organs. What is more, adipokines and cytokines may decrease the insulin sensitivity of tissues and induce inflammation and development of chronic complications. Certainly, it can be stated that in an era of a global obesity pandemic, adipokines may gain more and more importance as regards their use in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of diseases. An extensive search for materials on the role of white, brown and perivascular fatty tissue and obesity-related metabolic and chronic complications was conducted online using PubMed, the Cochrane database and Embase.

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Development of the Troponin Detection System Based on the Nanostructure

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi10030203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Taek Lee ◽

Jae-Hyuk Ahn ◽

Jinha Choi ◽

Yeonju Lee ◽

Jin-Myung Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Detection System ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Creatine Kinase Mb ◽

High Death ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman ◽

Health Organization

During the last 30 years, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a gradual increase in the number of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), not only in developed but also in developing countries. In particular, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the severe CVDs because of the high death rate, damage to the body, and various complications. During these harmful effects, rapid diagnosis of AMI is key for saving patients with CVD in an emergency. The prompt diagnosis and proper treatment of patients with AMI are important to increase the survival rate of these patients. To treat patients with AMI quickly, detection of a CVD biomarker at an ultra-low concentration is essential. Cardiac troponins (cTNs), cardiac myoglobin (cMB), and creatine kinase MB are typical biomarkers for AMI detection. An increase in the levels of those biomarkers in blood implies damage to cardiomyocytes and thus is related to AMI progression. In particular, cTNs are regarded as a gold standard biomarker for AMI diagnosis. The conventional TN detection system for detection of AMI requires long measurement time and is labor-intensive and tedious. Therefore, the demand for sensitive and selective TN detection techniques is increasing at present. To meet this demand, several approaches and methods have been applied to develop a TN detection system based on a nanostructure. In the present review, the authors reviewed recent advances in TN biosensors with a focus on four detection systems: (1) An electrochemical (EC) TN nanobiosensor, (2) field effect transistor (FET)-based TN nanobiosensor, (3) surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based TN nanobiosensor and (4) surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based TN nanobiosensor.

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