scholarly journals Association Between Music Engagement and Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 598-598
Author(s):  
Andrew Fiscella ◽  
Britney Veal ◽  
Ming Ji ◽  
Hongdao Meng
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Activity Engagement

Abstract Music engagement is a universal human activity that transcends cultural and geographic boundaries. Current evidence suggests that music engages many diverse brain networks with wide-ranging effects on physiological, cognitive, and affective processes. As a result, music activity engagement may be associated with enhanced cognitive reserves and reduced stress. However, it remains unclear whether music activity engagement is associated with any survival advantage in the general population. This study tested this hypothesis in a nationally-representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in the U.S. A cohort of 3,540 respondents from the Health and Retirement Study was followed from 2002 to 2018. Music engagement was measured by self-reported participation in passive and/or active music activities. Potential confounders included socio-demographics, health and functional status, and health-related behaviors. We plotted the Kaplan-Meier survival curves by music engagement level and used Cox proportional hazards model to examine the independent effect of music engagement on mortality. Musical engagement levels were significantly associated with mortality in both the unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Respondents who reported engaging with music at a moderate or high level had lower mortality risk as compared to those who did not (HR=.83, p=0.015; HR=.78, p=0.003, respectively). These findings suggest that music engagement in the middle to late life may have an independent beneficial effect in promoting longevity. Future research should examine whether this observed effect was causal and existed in other populations. If confirmed, interventions should be designed to promote music engagement among middle-aged and older adults.

scholarly journals Elevated plasma growth and differentiation factor 15 predicts incident anemia in older adults aged 60 years and older

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Yamaguchi ◽  
Marta Zampino ◽  
Toshiko Tanaka ◽  
Stefania Bandinelli ◽  
Yusuke Osawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Differentiation Factor ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Anemia is common in older adults and associated with greater morbidity and mortality. The causes of anemia in older adults have not been completely characterized. Although elevated circulating growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been associated with anemia in older adults, it is not known whether elevated GDF-15 predicts the development of anemia. Methods We examined the relationship between plasma GDF-15 concentrations at baseline in 708 non-anemic adults, aged 60 years and older, with incident anemia during 15 years of follow-up among participants in the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) Study. Results During follow-up, 179 (25.3%) participants developed anemia. The proportion of participants who developed anemia from the lowest to highest quartile of plasma GDF-15 was 12.9%, 20.1%, 21.2%, and 45.8%, respectively. Adults in the highest quartile of plasma GDF-15 had an increased risk of developing anemia (Hazards Ratio 1.15, 95% Confidence Interval 1.09, 1.21, P<.0001) compared to those in the lower three quartiles in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, sex, serum iron, soluble transferrin receptor, ferritin, vitamin B12, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Conclusions Circulating GDF-15 is an independent predictor for the development of anemia in older adults.

scholarly journals Pre-Existing Disability and Its Risk of Fragility Hip Fracture in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Jayeun Kim ◽  
Soong-Nang Jang ◽  
Jae-Young Lim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Mental Disabilities ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Fragility Hip Fracture

Background: Hip fracture is one of the significant public concerns in terms of long-term care in aging society. We aimed to investigate the risk for the incidence of hip fracture focusing on disability among older adults. Methods: This was a population-based retrospective cohort study, focusing on adults aged 65 years or over who were included in the Korean National Health Insurance Service–National Sample from 2004 to 2013 (N = 90,802). Hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model according to disability adjusted for age, household income, underlying chronic diseases, and comorbidity index. Results: The incidence of hip fracture was higher among older adults with brain disability (6.3%) and mental disability (7.5%) than among those with other types of disability, as observed during the follow-up period. Risk of hip fracture was higher among those who were mildly to severely disabled (hazard ratio for severe disability = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.33–1.89; mild = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.49–1.88) compared to those who were not disabled. Older men with mental disabilities experienced an incidence of hip fracture that was almost five times higher (hazard ratio, 4.98; 95% CI, 1.86–13.31) versus those that were not disabled. Conclusions: Older adults with mental disabilities and brain disability should be closely monitored and assessed for risk of hip fracture.

scholarly journals Impact of the Changes in the Frequency of Social Participation on All-Cause Mortality in Japanese Older Adults: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Keiichi Shimatani ◽  
Mayuko T. Komada ◽  
Jun Sato
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Japanese Older Adults ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have shown that more frequent social participation was associated with a reduced risk of mortality. However, limited studies have explored the changes in the frequency of social participation in older adults. We investigated the impact of the changes in the frequency of social participation on all-cause mortality in Japanese older adults aged 60 years and older. The current study, conducted as a secondary analysis, was a retrospective cohort study using open available data. The participants were 2240 older adults (45.4% male and 54.6% female) sampled nationwide from Japan who responded to the interview survey. Changes in the frequency of social participation were categorized into four groups (none, initiated, decreased, and continued pattern) based on the responses in the baseline and last surveys. The Cox proportional-hazards model showed a decreased risk of all-cause mortality in decreased and continued patterns of social participation. Stratified analysis by sex showed a decreased risk of mortality in the continued pattern only among males. The results of the current study suggest that the initiation of social participation at an earlier phase of life transition, such as retirement, may be beneficial for individuals.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status, Frailty, and All-Cause Mortality in Korean Older Adults: A 3-Year Population-Based Prospective Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinkyung Cho ◽  
Inhwan Lee ◽  
Soo Hyun Park ◽  
Youngyun Jin ◽  
Donghyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background. Little is known regarding the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and frailty on mortality in Korea. Objective. This study investigated the combined impact of low SES and frailty on all-cause mortality in Korean older adults. Methods. Study sample at baseline comprised 7,960 community-dwelling adults (56.8% women) aged 65 years and older. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of low SES and frailty for all-cause mortality. Results. Overall, low SES plus frailty resulted in an increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.09–2.23, P=0.015) even after adjustments for all the measured covariates, as compared with high SES plus nonfrailty (HR = 1). Among older adults aged 65–75 years, the increased mortality risk of either low SES plus nonfrailty (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.02–1.84, P=0.038) or high SES plus frailty (HR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.12–3.91, P=0.021) remained significant even after adjustments for all the covariates, as compared with high SES plus nonfrailty (HR = 1). Conclusion. The current findings suggest that either low SES or frailty is significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality in Korean older adults.

Time to Apprehension and the Correlates of Warrant Closure

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-312
Author(s):  
Sarah W. Craun ◽  
Andrew D. Tiedt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Child Pornography ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hazards Model

To understand how offenders are caught, past research has focused on case closures, which combines the identification and apprehension of a fugitive. However, there is a gap in applied research concerning duration to apprehension and variation in time to capture by crime. This study examined the days to close arrest warrants using administrative data containing 1.3 million cases. A Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that sex crimes involving contact or encompassing child pornography/exploitation, kidnapping, sex offender registration violations, and warrants involving assaults or an armed/dangerous notation had the strongest relationships to warrant closure. The results illustrate the prioritizing of cases involving sex offenders and violent offenders, as well as underscoring a need for future research on time to warrant closure.

scholarly journals Outcomes of Older Adults With Sepsis at Admission to an Intensive Care Unit

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Rowe ◽  
Katy L. B. Araujo ◽  
Peter H. Van Ness ◽  
Margaret A. Pisani ◽  
Manisha Juthani-Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background.  Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults. The main goals of this study were to assess the association of sepsis at intensive care unit (ICU) admission with mortality and to identify predictors associated with increased mortality in older adults. Methods.  We conducted a prospective cohort study of 309 participants ≥60 years admitted to an ICU. Sepsis was defined as 2 of 4 systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria plus a documented infection within 2 calendar days before or after admission. The main outcome measure was time to death within 1 year of ICU admission. Sepsis was evaluated as a predictor for mortality in a Cox proportional hazards model. Results.  Of 309 participants, 196 (63%) met the definition of sepsis. Among those admitted with and without sepsis, 75 (38%) vs 20 (18%) died within 1 month of ICU admission (P < .001) and 117 (60%) vs 48 (42%) died within 1 year (P < .001). When adjusting for baseline characteristics, sepsis had a significant impact on mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–2.52; P < .001); however, after adjusting for baseline characteristics and process covariates (antimicrobials and vasopressor use within 48 hours of admission), the impact of sepsis on mortality became nonsignificant (HR = 1.26; 95% CI, .87–1.84; P = .22). Conclusions.  The diagnosis of sepsis in older adults upon ICU admission was associated with an increase in mortality compared with those admitted without sepsis. After controlling for early use of antimicrobials and vasopressors for treatment, the association of sepsis with mortality was reduced.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING ON LONGEVITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S313-S314
Author(s):  
Sylvia Y Wang ◽  
Giyeon Kim ◽  
Ansley Gilpin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives: People tend to believe happier people live longer. However, relatively few empirical studies have examined the influence of subjective well-being (SWB) on longevity among older adults. Thus, our study investigated the impact of SWB on longevity among older adult using national representative longitudinal data in the U.S. Methods: Drawn from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, 6,757 older adults aged 65 or older with completed information of SWB from 2011 were selected and followed until 2017 annually. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to estimate the survival time between different levels of SWB without covariates. In addition, the Cox Proportional Hazards Model was used to investigate the impact of SWB on longevity while adjusting the influences of covariates. Results: We found that a higher level of SWB predicted longer survival times among older adults. The impact of SWB on survival times remained to be significant, but weaker, after adjusting the influences of age, educational attainment, household income, gender, marital status, number of health insurances, self-rated health, chronical medical illness, and mental health. Conclusion: Findings suggest that happier older adults live longer. Recognizing the importance of SWB on longevity, healthcare providers should develop programs promoting higher SWB to prolong life for older adults.

scholarly journals Use of psychoactive drugs predicts functional disability among older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Mourão Falci ◽  
Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini ◽  
Érico Castro-Costa ◽  
Josélia Oliveira Araújo Firmo ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Psychoactive Drugs ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Prospective Association

OBJECTIVE: Investigate whether the use of psychoactive drugs would be a predictor of incidence of functional disability among seniors living in community. METHODS: It is a population-based longitudinal study, developed between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2011, with older adults living in community. The association between the use of psychoactive drugs and the development of functional disability for instrumental (IADLs) and basic (BADLs) activities of daily living was tested using the extended Cox proportional hazards model, which considers the measure of exposure of interest throughout the follow-up period. The analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted by sociodemographic characteristics, health behavior and health conditions. RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, the use of two or more psychoactive drugs in the female stratum was associated with disability for both IADLs (HR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.17–2.13) and BADLs (HR = 1.43; 95%CI 1.05–1.94), the use of benzodiazepines was associated with disability for IADLs (HR = 1.32; 95%CI 1.07–1.62), and the use of antidepressants was associated with disability for both IADLs (HR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.16–1.98) and BADLs (HR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.10–1.90). In the male stratum, the use of antipsychotics was associated with disability for IADLs (HR = 3.14; 95%CI 1.49–6.59). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed a prospective association between the use of psychoactive drugs and functional disability. These results indicate the need to carefully assess the prescription of psychoactive drugs for older adults and monitor their usage in order to detect damages to the health of users.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Men

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Howie ◽  
Xuemei Sui ◽  
Duck-chul Lee ◽  
Steven P. Hooker ◽  
James R. Hébert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Cvd Mortality

This study examined the association between consumption of alcoholic beverages and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a cohort of men (n=31,367). In the Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, year of examination, body mass index (BMI), smoking, family history of CVD, and aerobic fitness, there were no significant differences in risk of all-cause mortality across alcohol intake groups. Risk of CVD mortality was reduced 29% in quartile 1 (HR = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53, 0.95) and 25% in quartile 2 (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.98). The amount of alcohol consumed to achieve this risk reduction was <6 drinks/week; less than the amount currently recommended. The addition of other potential confounders and effect modifiers including blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, lipid levels, and psychological variables did not affect the magnitude of association. Future research is needed to validate the current public health recommendations for alcohol consumption.

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