scholarly journals Self-Reported Utilization of Nutrition-Related Resources in Veterans Compared to Non-Veterans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 838-838
Author(s):  
Monica Serra ◽  
Ronna Robbins ◽  
Odessa Addison
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Food Bank ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Meals On Wheels ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Improve Access

Abstract As they age, Veterans are at elevated risk for developing nutrition-associated chronic diseases compared to their Non-Veteran counterparts. This is despite Veterans often being eligible for a variety of nutrition-related resources. This project compared self-reported utilization of community and government nutrition-related resources in male Veterans compared to Non-Veterans participating in the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Veterans (mean: age: 59 years; BMI: 29 kg/m2; N=135) self-reported “yes” and Non-Veterans (age: 61 years; BMI: 30 kg/m2; N=230) self-reported “no to “ever having served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.” A similar percentage of Veterans (3%) and Non-Veterans (4%) reported utilizing meal delivery programs (i.e., “Meals on Wheels) and eating at community or senior centers (both 7%) in the past year. Veterans were less likely than Non-Veterans to report receiving emergency food (i.e. from church or food bank) in the past year (7% vs. 12%; P<0.01) and tended to be less likely to report ever having received benefits from a nutrition assistance program (NAP; i.e., Food Stamps) (27% vs. 32%; P=0.08). Veteran also reported their household receiving more financial assistance the last time they received support from a NAP ($281 vs. $188; P=0.02). These data suggest that Veterans have less reliance on NAP than Non-Veterans; however, when they do receive assistance, Veterans appear to receive greater financial support. Future studies are needed to identifying ways to improve access to nutrition-related resources in those at risk for food insecurity.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity in a Low-Income, Predominantly African American Cohort Following the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
Tamara Dubowitz ◽  
Madhumita Ghosh Dastidar ◽  
Wendy M. Troxel ◽  
Robin Beckman ◽  
Alvin Nugroho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ◽  
Food Bank ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
National Trends ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To examine the impact of COVID-19 shutdowns on food insecurity among a predominantly African American cohort residing in low-income racially isolated neighborhoods. Methods. Residents of 2 low-income African American food desert neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, were surveyed from March 23 to May 22, 2020, drawing on a longitudinal cohort (n = 605) previously followed from 2011 to 2018. We examined longitudinal trends in food insecurity from 2011 to 2020 and compared them with national trends. We also assessed use of food assistance in our sample in 2018 versus 2020. Results. From 2018 to 2020, food insecurity increased from 20.7% to 36.9% (t = 7.63; P < .001) after steady declines since 2011. As a result of COVID-19, the United States has experienced a 60% increase in food insecurity, whereas this sample showed a nearly 80% increase, widening a preexisting disparity. Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (52.2%) and food bank use (35.9%) did not change significantly during the early weeks of the pandemic. Conclusions. Longitudinal data highlight profound inequities that have been exacerbated by COVID-19. Existing policies appear inadequate to address the widening gap.

Changing Attitudes and Knowledge Toward SNAP Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-314
Author(s):  
Carolyn L. Bird ◽  
Jacquelyn W. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
To Receive

Purpose: To examine effectiveness of an educational intervention on attitude and knowledge related to accessing and qualifying for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Community sites (38) in North Carolina. Participants: Low-income adult participants who provided data (n = 558). Intervention: Participants completed pre- and postsurveys for the 45-minute program. Measures: Theoretically based surveys measured knowledge requisite to the decision to apply for SNAP benefits. Analysis: Paired sample t tests tested the hypothesis of “no difference” in postintervention knowledge. Results: Knowledge gains were statistically significant on all questions ( P < .01) including the amount of food a minimum benefit could purchase, how to apply for SNAP, how the electronic benefit transfer card and benefits work, eligibility restrictions, and how to receive application assistance. Subsequent percentage change analyses revealed the strongest intervention effects to be how to apply and accessing application assistance. Conclusion: Effective theory-based programs can improve knowledge and dispel myths concerning SNAP participation among low-income participants.

scholarly journals The Decline, Rebound, and Further Rise in SNAP Enrollment: Disentangling Business Cycle Fluctuations and Policy Changes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ganong ◽  
Jeffrey B. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Program Enrollment ◽  
Nutrition Assistance

One-in-seven Americans received benefits from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in 2011, an all-time high. We analyze changes in program enrollment over the past two decades, quantifying the contributions of unemployment and state policy changes. Using instrumental variables to address measurement error, we estimate that a 1 percentage point increase in unemployment raises enrollment by 15 percent. Unemployment explains most of the decrease in enrollment in the late 1990s, state policy changes explain more of the increase in enrollment in the early 2000s, and unemployment explains most of the increase in enrollment in the aftermath of the Great Recession. (JEL E24, E32, H53, H75, I12, I18, I58)

scholarly journals Access to Healthier Foods for Idaho Local Food Pantries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
Shelly Johnson ◽  
Kali Gardiner ◽  
Annie Roe
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Food Bank ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Nutrition Assistance

Abstract Objectives For many struggling with poverty, consuming a nutritious diet while managing an existing chronic condition can be extremely challenging. Often times food bank/pantries offer an emergency resource to help promote health to families in need, however, many of them lack healthy foods to improve nutrition, health and well-being. In Idaho's Kootenai County, over 35,000 people are food insecure, 13.1% of the population with over 6000 of them being children, 17.1% of the population. University Of Idaho Extension Eat Smart Idaho program, with funding from USDA's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education and the Department of Health and Welfare, have created their Healthy Food Bank/Pantry Protocol and Healthy Food Drive Protocol to help mesh our food bank network with healthier food options and give access to healthier foods to our low income families. Methods Eat Smart Idaho's goal is to move as many pantries towards the “choice” model as well as “MyPlate” pantries that will allow nutrition education through signage, demonstrations, recipes and classes. Additionally, a protocol has been written for healthy food drives with the goal of reaching as many individuals with this education as possible. In the last two years, FY2017–2019, the Eat Smart Idaho program serving Kootenai County assisted with over 20 healthy food drives. The Post Falls School District Annual Food Drive which supports the Post Falls Food Bank was a particular success in 2019. This food drive included 7 elementary schools who challenged each other to donate the most food. In 2019, schools were also rewarded for bringing in the most healthy food donations. The Eat Smart Idaho team provided nutrition education assemblies and classroom presentations on how to donate healthy. Healthy food donation lists were also created, as well as displays set up at school locations. Results Ponderosa Elementary received the Eat Smart Idaho Award for donating the most healthy food, additionally, students wrote essays about the importance of donating healthy foods to families in need. The Post Falls Food Drive collected over 10,000 pounds of food and $1700 in monetary donations. Conclusions Providing nutrition education and healthy donation lists serve as a model for managing a healthy food drive, particularly, in the school setting. Funding Sources Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - Education.

scholarly journals Comparing demographic and health characteristics of new and existing SNAP recipients: application of a machine learning algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1164-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Hamad ◽  
Zachary S Templeton ◽  
Lena Schoemaker ◽  
Michelle Zhao ◽  
Jay Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
Few Data

ABSTRACT Background The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) expanded significantly after the Great Recession of 2008–2009, but no studies have characterized this new group of recipients. Few data sets provide details on whether an individual is a new or established recipient of SNAP. Objective We sought to identify new and existing SNAP recipients, and to examine differences in sociodemographic characteristics, health, nutritional status, and food purchasing behavior between new and existing recipients of SNAP after the recession. Methods We created a probabilistic algorithm to identify new and existing SNAP recipients using the 1999–2013 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. We applied this algorithm to the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS), fielded during 2012–2013, to predict which individuals were likely to be new SNAP recipients. We then compared health and nutrition characteristics between new, existing, and never recipients of SNAP in FoodAPS. Results New adult SNAP recipients had higher socioeconomic status, better self-reported health, and greater food security relative to existing recipients, and were more likely to smoke relative to never recipients. New child SNAP recipients were less likely to eat all meals and had lower BMI relative to existing recipients. New SNAP households exhibited differences in food access and expenditures, although dietary quality was similar to that of existing SNAP households. Conclusion We developed a novel algorithm for predicting new and existing SNAP recipiency that can be applied to other data sets, and subsequently demonstrated differences in health characteristics between new and existing recipients. The expansion of SNAP since the Great Recession enrolled a population that differed from the existing SNAP population and that may benefit from different types of nutritional and health services than those traditionally offered.

scholarly journals SNAP Participants and High Levels of Food Insecurity in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110071
Author(s):  
Sameer M. Siddiqi ◽  
Jonathan Cantor ◽  
Madhumita Ghosh Dastidar ◽  
Robin Beckman ◽  
Andrea S. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ◽  
Food Bank ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Objectives The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately strained households experiencing poverty, particularly Black and Latino households. Food insecurity, which entails having limited or uncertain access to a sufficient quantity of nutritious food, is a key pandemic-related consequence. We examined how people enrolled in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have been affected by the pandemic, particularly Black participants and participants residing in food deserts. Methods Using survey data from a longitudinal cohort study of predominantly Black low-income adults aged ≥18 residing in urban food deserts in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, we examined changes in food insecurity and SNAP participation before COVID-19 (2018) and early in the COVID-19 pandemic (March–May 2020). We modeled changes in food insecurity from 2018 to 2020 via covariate-adjusted logistic regression. Results Food insecurity increased significantly among participants enrolled in SNAP and surveyed in both 2018 and 2020 (from 25.9% in 2018 to 46.9% in 2020; P < .001). Compared with cohort participants not enrolled in SNAP at both points, cohort participants enrolled in SNAP in 2018 and 2020 had the highest rates of using a food bank in 2020 (44.4%) and being newly food insecure in 2020 (28.9%) (ie, they were food insecure in 2020 but not in 2018). Conclusions Food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic increased among low-income Black households enrolled in SNAP and residing in a food desert. Public health recovery efforts might focus on modifying SNAP to improve the food security of people experiencing poverty.

Provision of Remedies for Violation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Comparative Study of the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-318
Author(s):  
Roman Girma Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Regional Monitoring ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
To Receive

The effectiveness of human rights adjudicative procedures partly, if not most importantly, hinges upon the adequacy of the remedies they grant and the implementation of those remedies. This assertion also holds water with regard to the international and regional monitoring bodies established to receive individual complaints related to economic, social and cultural rights (hereinafter ‘ESC rights’ or ‘socio-economic rights’). Remedies can serve two major functions: they are meant, first, to rectify the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage sustained by the particular victim, and second, to resolve systematic problems existing in the state machinery in order to ensure the non-repetition of the act. Hence, the role of remedies is not confined to correcting the past but also shaping the future by providing reforming measures a state has to undertake. The adequacy of remedies awarded by international and regional human rights bodies is also assessed based on these two benchmarks. The present article examines these issues in relation to individual complaint procedures that deal with the violation of ESC rights, with particular reference to the case laws of the three jurisdictions selected for this work, i.e. the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems.

Industry Payments to Plastic Surgeons: What Has Changed Over the Last Six-Years Following Implementation of the Physician Payment Sunshine Act?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland W Pettit ◽  
Jordan Kaplan ◽  
Matthew M Delancy ◽  
Edward Reece ◽  
Sebastian Winocour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physician Payment ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Open Payments

Abstract Background The Open Payments Program, as designated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act is the single largest repository of industry payments made to licensed physicians within the United States. Though sizeable in its dataset, the database and user interface are limited in their ability to permit expansive data interpretation and summarization. Objectives We sought to comprehensively compare industry payments made to plastic surgeons with payments made to all surgeons and all physicians to elucidate industry relationships since implementation. Methods The Open Payments Database was queried between 2014 and 2019, and inclusion criteria were applied. These data were evaluated in aggregate and for yearly totals, payment type, and geographic distribution. Results 61,000,728 unique payments totaling $11,815,248,549 were identified over the six-year study period. 9,089 plastic surgeons, 121,151 surgeons, and 796,260 total physicians received these payments. Plastic surgeons annually received significantly less payment than all surgeons (p=0.0005). However, plastic surgeons did not receive significantly more payment than all physicians (p = 0.0840). Cash and cash equivalents proved to be the most common form of payment; Stock and stock options were least commonly transferred. Plastic surgeons in Tennessee received the most in payments between 2014-2019 (mean $ 76,420.75). California had the greatest number of plastic surgeons to receive payments (1,452 surgeons). Conclusions Plastic surgeons received more in industry payments than the average of all physicians but received less than all surgeons. The most common payment was cash transactions. Over the past six years, geographic trends in industry payments have remained stable.

scholarly journals Age period cohort analysis of chewing ability in Korea from 2007 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam-Hee Kim ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Chewing Ability ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractThere have been marked improvements in oral health in Korea during the past 10 years, including chewing ability. We sought to disentangle age, period, and cohort effects in chewing ability between 2007 and 2018. We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main variable was chewing difficulty, which was assessed among participants aged 20 years and older. APC analysis revealed three trends in chewing difficulty: (1) there was an increase in chewing difficulty starting at around 60 years of age (age effect), (2) there was a steady decrease in chewing difficulty during the observation period (period effect), and (3) chewing ability improved with each successive generation born after 1951 (cohort effect). Regarding recent improvements in chewing ability, cohort effects were somewhat more important than period effects.

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