scholarly journals Perceived Neighborhood Disorder, Social Cohesion, and Depressive Symptoms among Spousal Caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1049-1049
Author(s):  
Yeon Jin Choi ◽  
Jennifer Ailshire
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spousal Caregivers ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Neighborhood Social Cohesion

Abstract Most prior research on caregivers’ mental health focused on individual or household factors, we know much less about the influence of neighborhood factors on mental health of spousal caregivers. The current study fills the gap in our knowledge by examining the association of neighborhood characteristics (i.e., perceived neighborhood disorder and neighborhood social cohesion) and depressive symptoms among spousal caregivers. We used data from 2006 to 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, which includes 2,362 spousal caregivers. Negative binomial regression models were estimated to examine the association of perceived neighborhood disorder and neighborhood social cohesion with depressive symptoms. A greater perceived neighborhood disorder was associated with higher CES-D scores, which indicates more depressive symptoms. On the other hand, a higher level of neighborhood social cohesion was associated with lower CES-D scores. When they were included in the same model, the association between neighborhood disorder and depression disappeared, while respondents who reported higher levels of neighborhood social cohesion continue to exhibit lower CES-D scores than those lived in less cohesive neighborhoods. This study highlights the importance of neighborhood contexts in understanding caregivers’ well-being. Findings of this study suggest that neighborhood social cohesion may attenuate the negative effects of neighborhood disorder. Therefore, enhancing positive characteristics of the neighborhood may promote well-being of spousal caregivers.

scholarly journals The Association between Age and Depressive Symptoms among Older Men and Women in Europe. Findings from SHARE

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Buber ◽  
Henriette Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Older Men And Women

Empirical evidence of the effects of age on depressive symptoms is mixed, ranging from positive to zero to negative effects, depending on the modelling of the age-depression profile. This paper uses internationally comparative data to analyse the association between age and the prevalence of symptoms of depression, controlling for well-known determinants of mental health. Based on the first wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), depressive symptoms of 28,538 persons aged 50 to 89 from eleven European countries and Israel are analysed using a negative binomial regression model. The results indicate that the number of depressive symptoms measured by EURO-D scores increase with age and are higher among women than among men. When including socio-demographic characteristics, health conditions and economic strains, the association between depressive symptoms and age vanishes for men, and even reverses for women. Thus, the association between age and mental health is mediated by the health and living conditions of older persons; age by itself has no explanatory power.

Discrimination experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males in Australia: Associations with suicidal thoughts and depressive symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110311
Author(s):  
Tilahun Haregu ◽  
Anthony F Jorm ◽  
Yin Paradies ◽  
Bernard Leckning ◽  
Jesse T Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Torres Strait

Introduction: Globally, Indigenous populations have higher rates of suicidal behavior and psychological distress compared to non-Indigenous populations. Indigenous populations also report high rates of exposure to discrimination, which could potentially contribute to poor mental health outcomes. The objectives of this paper were to estimate the prevalence of discrimination among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males in Australia and to examine the role of discrimination in the association between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and suicidal thoughts and depressive symptoms. Methods: We used cross-sectional data on 13,697 males aged 18–55 years from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health. We undertook a Poisson regression with robust standard error analyses to examine Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and self-perceived exposure to discrimination in the past 2 years as correlates of recent suicidal ideation. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression to assess Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and self-perceived exposure to discrimination as correlates of recent depressive symptoms. Results: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander males have a twofold higher prevalence of self-perceived discrimination (39.2% vs 19.3%, p < 0.001), suicidal ideation (21.8% vs 9.4%, p < 0.001) and moderate or worse depressive symptoms (24.0% vs 12.2%, p < 0.001) as compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts. After adjusting for sociodemographics and substance use, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status was significantly associated with suicidal thoughts (odds ratio = 1.49, p = 0.019) and depressive symptoms (prevalence rate ratio = 1.19, p = 0.018). About 15.3% and 28.7% of the association between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status and suicidal thoughts and depressive symptoms, respectively, was explained by discrimination. Conclusion: Our analyses add to evidence that discrimination is a contributor to mental health disparities between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous populations in Australia. Reducing discrimination ought to be considered as part of strategies to improve the social and emotional well-being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

scholarly journals Live like mosquitoes: Hukou, rural–urban disparity, and depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Cary Wu ◽  
Heqing Liu ◽  
Zhilei Shi ◽  
Jiaxin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fundamental Causes Of Disease

Although there has been a longstanding curiosity about the socio-political consequences of China’s remarkable urban–rural divide, we have yet to understand the divide’s possible influence on mental health. Using data from the 2016 wave of the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), we find that depressive symptoms of both rural–urban migrants and rural residents are significantly higher than those of urban residents. Consistent with the fundamental-causes-of-disease and stress-exposure perspectives, results from zero-inflated negative binomial regression suggest that such differences in depressive symptoms can be attributed to socioeconomic status and proximate stressors such as unemployment, living alone, and the unaffordability of medical services. In particular, the rural–urban difference in depressive symptoms is explained away by educational attainment. A further investigation using spline Poisson regression suggests that the protective effects of the period of middle school, which vary substantially across demographic groups, are especially relevant to the rural–urban disparity in depression. We argue that hukou is a fundamental cause of disease in China and mental health is an important yet understudied area where China’s salient urban–rural inequality strikes.

Leisure Time Physical Activity Mediates the Relationship Between Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Mental Health Among Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
Jaehyun Kim ◽  
Junhyoung Kim ◽  
Areum Han
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neighborhood Social Cohesion

Neighborhood social cohesion can contribute to leisure time physical activity (LTPA) involvement and psychological well-being. In spite of the value of neighborhood social cohesion for health benefits, there is a dearth of empirical study that explores how neighborhood social cohesion influences LTPA and mental health among older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association among neighborhood social cohesion, light-to-moderate and vigorous LTPA, and mental health in a representative sample of U.S. older adults ( n = 6,412). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that older adults who perceived neighborhood social cohesion were more likely to participate in light-to-moderate and vigorous LTPA, which in turn resulted in better mental health. This study confirmed the importance of neighborhood social cohesion in promoting older adults’ health-related behaviors and mental health. The practical implications on how to promote mental health among older adults, as well as future research directions were discussed.

scholarly journals Psychiatric consequences of a father’s leave policy by nativity: a quasi-experimental study in Sweden

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2021-217980
Author(s):  
Helena Honkaniemi ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Mikael Rostila ◽  
Sol P Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalisation ◽  
Leave Policy

BackgroundParental leave use has been found to promote maternal and child health, with limited evidence of mental health impacts on fathers. How these effects vary for minority populations with poorer mental health and lower leave uptake, such as migrants, remains under-investigated. This study assessed the effects of a Swedish policy to encourage fathers’ leave, the 1995 Father’s quota, on Swedish-born and migrant fathers’ psychiatric hospitalisations.MethodsWe conducted an interrupted time series analysis using Swedish total population register data for first-time fathers of children born before (1992–1994) and after (1995–1997) the reform (n=198 589). Swedish-born and migrant fathers’ 3-year psychiatric hospitalisation rates were modelled using segmented negative binomial regression, adjusting for seasonality and autocorrelation, with stratified analyses by region of origin, duration of residence, and partners’ nativity.ResultsFrom immediately pre-reform to post-reform, the proportion of fathers using parental leave increased from 63.6% to 86.4% of native-born and 37.1% to 51.2% of migrants. Swedish-born fathers exhibited no changes in psychiatric hospitalisation rates post-reform, whereas migrants showed 36% decreased rates (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.64, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.86). Migrants from regions not predominantly consisting of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries (IRR 0.50, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.33), and those with migrant partners (IRR 0.23, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.38), experienced the greatest decreases in psychiatric hospitalisation rates.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that policies oriented towards promoting father’s use of parental leave may help to reduce native–migrant health inequalities, with broader benefits for family well-being and child development.

scholarly journals The Effects of Physical Activity on Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Marconcin ◽  
André O. Werneck ◽  
Miguel Peralta ◽  
Andreas Ihle ◽  
Élvio Gouveia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Introduction: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic affected countries worldwide and has changed peoples’ lives. A reduction in physical activity and an increase in mental health problems were observed. Thus, this systematic review aims to examine the association between physical activity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In January 2021, a search was applied to PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria included cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal study design and studies published in English; outcomes included physical activity and mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms, anxiety, positive and negative effects, well-being). Results: Nineteen studies were included in this review. Overall, the studies suggested that higher physical activity is associated with higher well-being, quality of life as well as lower depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress, independently of age. There was no consensus for the optimal physical activity level for mitigating negative mental symptoms, neither for the frequency nor for the type of physical activity. Women were more vulnerable to mental health changes and men were more susceptive to physical activity changes. Conclusion: Physical activity seems to be a good and effective choice to mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Public health policies should alert for alternatives to increment physical activity during the stay-at-home orders in many countries.

scholarly journals Social Isolation, Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Neighborhood Environment of Older Adults During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 727-727
Author(s):  
Ke Li ◽  
Fengyan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Perceived Neighborhood Environment

Abstract Social isolation has been recognized as a social problem with negative effects on psychological well-being. Older adults are disproportionately affected by social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from the 2020 Health and Retirement Study COVID-19 Project, this study examined the relationship between social isolation and depressive symptoms among two groups of respondents differentiated by whether themselves or their social relationships were diagnosed with COVID-19. This study also explored the moderating role of perceived neighborhood environment. Depressive symptoms were measured using the eight-item CES-D. The index of social isolation was generated using five indicators, including living alone, no social participation, and less than monthly contact with children, family members, and friends. The moderator assessed two aspects of the neighborhood environment, including physical disorder and social cohesion. The results of bivariate analyses showed that respondents who were affected by COVID-19 were younger, more likely to be female, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic Black, and with lower levels of social isolation. The results of multiple regression analyses indicated that social isolation was associated with more depressive symptoms, but this relationship was found to be only significant among respondents who were affected by COVID-19. Perceived neighborhood environment significantly moderated the relationship, as the effect of social isolation on depressive symptoms was stronger for respondents with more neighborhood physical disorders and less social cohesion. This study has implications for practice and policy, in that it underscored the importance of enacting strategies to improve the neighborhood environment, particularly for socially isolated older adults during the COVID-19.

scholarly journals Parenting Stress and Mental Health in Midlife Adults: Evaluating the Role of Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 861-862
Author(s):  
Jean Choi ◽  
Elizabeth Munoz ◽  
Robin Corley ◽  
Sally Wadsworth ◽  
Chandra Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Midlife Adults

Abstract Parenthood is a major source of stress in midlife that can have adverse consequences for long-term mental health trajectories. Yet, little research asks how parenting stress impacts mental health for both mothers and fathers in midlife. The current study examined (a) whether parenting stress was associated with parental depressive and anxiety symptoms and (b) whether these associations vary by gender. We utilized data from the ongoing Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging (CATSLife); participants were aged 28 to 49 who reported having child(ren) (N = 520). Participants completed surveys that encompassed measures of demographics, relationships, health, and well-being. Overall, multilevel models accounting for non-independence among siblings and with relevant covariates (e.g., number of children, marital status) showed that higher levels of parenting stress were associated with greater depressive (b = .47 (.12), p&lt;.001) and anxiety (b = .27 (.09), p&lt;.05) symptoms. An evaluation of the individual parenting stress items indicated that feeling less happy and more overwhelmed in the parental role were significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Parents who reported feeling less close to their children were also significantly more likely to report greater levels of depressive symptoms. These effects were consistent across mothers and fathers. Our study provides further insight into the negative associations between parenting stress and mental health among both mothers and fathers, and warrants further investigation into resources that may buffer these negative effects prior to late life.

Right–Wing Authoritarianism: Protective Factor against Or Risk Factor for Depression?

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Duriez ◽  
Theo A. Klimstra ◽  
Koen Luyckx ◽  
Wim Beyers ◽  
Bart Soenens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Student Sample

Because the authoritarian personality was introduced to explain the rise of fascism during World War II, research focused on its ability to predict prejudice, leaving its associations with well–being largely unexplored. Studies that did examine these associations yielded inconsistent results, and some authors even argued that authoritarianism buffers against the negative effects of psychological vulnerability factors (i.e. D–type personality) and negative life events on well–being, especially among people in an authoritarian environment. Using a cross–sectional community sample (N = 1010), Study 1 failed to support the idea that authoritarianism relates to depressive symptoms and buffers against the negative effects of D–type personality on depressive symptoms. Using a longitudinal college student sample (N = 499), Study 2 showed that authoritarianism did not moderate the effects of life events either and even predicted over–time increases in depressive symptoms. Using a longitudinal high school sample (N = 590), Study 3 showed that this effect emerged regardless of degree of fit with the social environment (i.e. with family and friends). Taken together, results suggest that authoritarianism constitutes a risk factor for rather than a protective factor against depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals SEPARATED KIN: RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND MENTAL HEALTH TRAJECTORIES OF OLDER ADULTS LEFT BEHIND IN RURAL CHINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S880-S880
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As the processes of urbanization and globalization have intensified across the world, a burgeoning literature has documented the impact of emigration on the health of family members left behind in emigrant communities. Although the association between children’s migration and parental well-being is well documented, few have examined the health implications of children’s migration in the milieu of multiple children and further differentiated between children’s short-term and long-term migration. Therefore, I argue that it is not the geographic locality of a single child but the composition of all children’s location that matters. I further suggest that the impact of children’s migration on parental wellbeing is conditioned on the duration of children’s migration. Using a six waves longitudinal data (2001-2015) collected in rural China, this paper compares mental health (measured as depressive symptoms) trajectories of old adults (aged 60 and older) across different compositions of local and migrant children over a 14-year span. Results from growth curve models show that parents having more migrant children relative to local children experience a more rapid increase in depressive symptoms. In addition, older adults who have their most children migrate away for three or more waves of data have experienced the steepest rate of increase in depressive symptoms. These findings provide new evidence to support the life course processes of mental health disparities among older adults from the perspective of intergenerational proximity.

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