Pharmacological profiles of animal- and nonanimal-derived sulfated polysaccharides - comparison of unfractionated heparin, the semisynthetic glucan sulfate PS3, and the sulfated polysaccharide fraction isolated from Delesseria sanguinea

Anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of sulfated-polysaccharides (SP) from marine algae are extensively exploited. However, reports on the vascular effects of SP from red algae are rare in the literature. The polysaccharide from Solieria filiformis (Sf-SP) was isolated by ion exchange chromatography, analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and tested in male Wistar rats. The inflammation studies were performed using the paw-edema model and the relaxant activity in isolated aorta precontracted with phenylephrine. The anticoagulant effect was evaluated by the test of partial thromboplastin activation time. The SP (1 mg/kg) was not antiinflammatory, but induced acute edema with maximal activity at 30 min (0.35 ± 0.04 mL) compared to controls (0.05 ± 0.03 mL). Cumulative addition of Sf-SP in phenylephrine-contracted tissues produced relaxation with maximal inhibition of 69% (IC50 29.3 ± 9.0 μg/mL) at 300 μg/mL in comparison to controls (0.51 ± 0.09 g). Sf-SP also extended human plasma coagulation time by 2.1 times. These substances could be used as important tools for the study of vascular alterations.

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THE EFFECTS OF SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES ON INHIBITION OF THROMBOSIS INDUCED BY DIFFERENT STIMULI

10.1055/s-0038-1642824 ◽

1987 ◽

Author(s):

J Van Ryn-McKenna ◽

E Gray ◽

E Weber ◽

F A Ofosu ◽

M R Buchanan

Keyword(s):

Dermatan Sulfate ◽

Thrombus Formation ◽

Factor Xa ◽

Clinical Situation ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Hip Surgery ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Antithrombotic Agent ◽

Jugular Veins ◽

Vein Thrombosis

Higher doses of heparin are usually required to achieve a therapeutic effect in patients undergoing elective hip surgery than in patients with idiopathic deep vein thrombosis (DVT). One explanation for this difference is that more heparin is required to prevent thrombosis in hip surgery them recurrent thrombosis in DVT, because the stimulus initiating thrombus formation in each situation is different. This suggests that different procoagulant stimuli may be more or less sensitive to inhibition by heparin. To test this possibility, we measured the effects of heparin (SH), pentosan polysulfate (SP54), and dermatan sulfate (DS) on inhibition of thrombus formation induced by tissue thromboplastin (TTP, 1 mgAg), thrombin (Ha, 1 UAg)/ or Factor Xa (Xa, 20 μt/kg) using a jugular vein/hypercoagulation/stasis ipggel in rabbits. Thrombus size was measured as the amount of 125I-fibrin incorporated into a thrombus formed in jugular veins of rabbits, treated with varying concentrations of SH, SP54 or DS. First, we established the dose of each sulfated polysaccharide (SPS) that was required to inhibit thrombus formation induced by TTP by ∼75%. We then used these doses to assess their ability to inhibit thrombus formation induced by Ha or Xa. SH and SP54 were less effective in inhibiting Ila-induced thrombus formation (<62%), while DS was more effective and inhibited thrombus formation by 95%. In contrast, the doses of SP54 and DS which inhibited TTP-induced thrombosis by ∼75%, inhibited Xa-induced thrombus formation by 60 and 71% respectively, while SH inhibited Xa-induced thrombus formation by 98%. We conclude that sensitivity to inhibition of the 3 different procoagulant stimuli by the various SPS, differs significantly. The choice of SPS as an antithrombotic agent should take into consideration the stimulus initiating thrombosis in each clinical situation.

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Sulfated-Polysaccharide Fraction from Red Algae Gracilaria caudata Protects Mice Gut Against Ethanol-Induced Damage

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md9112188 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2188-2200 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Renan Oliveira Silva ◽

Geice Maria Pereira dos Santos ◽

Lucas Antonio Duarte Nicolau ◽

Larisse Tavares Lucetti ◽

Ana Paula Macedo Santana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Algae ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Polysaccharide Fraction

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Antioxidant and antimitotic activities of sulfated polysaccharide from marine brown algae Padina tetrastromatica

Journal of Phytology ◽

10.19071/jp.2015.v7.2921 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Geena Mariya Jose ◽

Anitha Radhakrishnan ◽

G Muraleedhara Kurup

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Padina Tetrastromatica ◽

Nitric Oxide Radical

Antioxidants play a central role in the prevention of carcinogenesis. The most natural compounds exhibit their protective effects by eliciting antioxidant potential. Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from the brown algae Padina tetrastromatica, then purified and evaluated for its composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimitotic activities. Both ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide (ESPS) and ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide-column purified (ESPS-CP) exhibited considerable amount of carbohydrates (11.2% and 17.6%), sulfate (11.4% and 7.4%), fucose (5.5% and 15.7%), uronic acid (4.7% and 11.8%), xylose (0.5% and 0.03%) and sulfated polysaccharide (2.4% and 12.7%) content. The FTIR analysis and phytochemical screening also confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides. In the in vitro antioxidant activity determination using DPPH (1-1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity and reducing power, ESPS showed more activity than ESPS-CP. In the case of nitric oxide radical scavenging, ESPS-CP was found to be more effective. At a concentration of 2mg/ml, both samples were potent antioxidants with significant IC50 values. The antimitotic studies such as mitotic index in onion root tips and sprouting assay in green gram seeds also proved that both the extracts are able to prevent mitosis. The extrapolation of these results can find opportunities in therapeutic regiments of cancer.

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Sulfated Polysaccharide-Directed Recruitment of Mammalian Host Proteins: a Novel Strategy in Microbial Pathogenesis

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.67.9.4463-4468.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 67 (9) ◽

pp. 4463-4468 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Thomas D. Duensing ◽

Jenny S. Wing ◽

Jos P. M. van Putten

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Bacterial Invasion ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Heparin Binding ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Novel Strategy ◽

Key Aspects

ABSTRACT Fundamental to the virulence of microbial pathogens is their capacity for adaptation and survival within variable, and often hostile, environments encountered in the host. We describe a novel, extragenomic mechanism of surface modulation which may amplify the adaptive and pathogenic potential of numerous bacterial species, including Staphylococcus, Yersinia, and pathogenic Neisseria species, as well as Helicobacter pylori and Streptococcus pyogenes. The mechanism involves specific bacterial recruitment of heparin, glycosaminoglycans, or related sulfated polysaccharides, which in turn serve as universal binding sites for a diverse array of mammalian heparin binding proteins, including adhesive glycoproteins (vitronectin and fibronectin), inflammatory (MCP-3, PF-4, and MIP-1α) and immunomodulatory (gamma interferon) intermediates, and fibroblast growth factor. This strategy impacts key aspects of microbial pathogenicity as exemplified by increased bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and inhibition of chemokine-induced chemotaxis. Our findings illustrate a previously unrecognized form of parasitism that complements classical virulence strategies encoded within the microbial genome.

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Sulfated-polysaccharide fraction extracted from red algae G racilaria birdiae ameliorates trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/jphp.12231 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (8) ◽

pp. 1161-1170 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tarcisio V. Brito ◽

José P. R. P. Neto ◽

Rafael S. Prudêncio ◽

Jalles A. Batista ◽

José S. C. Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Red Algae ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽

Polysaccharide Fraction

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Effect of sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweed laminaria japonica on the morfology of lymfoid organs and functional characteristics of immunocompetent cells

Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya ◽

10.18097/pbmc20146005581 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 581-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E.A. Lebedynskaya ◽

I.D. Makarenkova ◽

O.V. Lebedynskaya ◽

N.K. Akhmatova ◽

T.N. Zvyagintseva

Keyword(s):

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Brown Seaweed ◽

Laminaria Japonica ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽

Mhc Ii ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Th 1

The effect of sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan from the brown alga Laminaria japonica on morphological characteristics of mouse lymphoid organs, subpopulations of spleen mononuclear leukocytes, cytokine production and cytotoxic activity of splenocytes has been investigated. Fucoidan promoted activation and proliferation of lymphoid hematopoietic cells in primary and secondary immunogenesis bodies, increased expression of markers CD19, NK, NKT, CD25, MHC II, TCR, TLR2 and TLR4, the cytotoxic activity of splenocytes and production of immunoregulatory and proinflammatory cytokines (IL- 2, IL-12, IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-6). This suggests activation of effector mechanisms of innate immunity and adaptive immune responses via the Th-1 type.

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Sulfated polysaccharide ascophyllan prevents amyloid fibril formation of human insulin and inhibits amyloid-induced hemolysis and cytotoxicity in PC12 cells

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1093/bbb/zbab163 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Liang ◽

Mikinori Ueno ◽

Shijiao Zha ◽

Takasi Okimura ◽

Zedong Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pc12 Cells ◽

Human Insulin ◽

Amyloid Fibril ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Fibril Formation ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Structure Transition ◽

Amyloid Fibril Formation ◽

Α Helix

Abstract We found that ascophyllan significantly inhibited the fibrillation of human insulin, and was the most effective among the sulfated polysaccharides tested. Gel-filtration analysis suggested that ascophyllan was capable of forming a complex with insulin through a weak interaction. Secondary structure transition from native α-helix to β-sheet predominant structure of insulin under the fibrillation conditions was suppressed in the presence of ascophyllan. Interestingly, ascophyllan attenuated insulin fibrils-induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Moreover ascophyllan attenuated insulin amyloid induced cytotoxicity on rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). This is the first report indicating that a sulfated polysaccharide, ascophyllan can suppress the insulin amyloid fibril formation and inhibit the fibril-induced detrimental bioactivities.

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Structural Characterization and Repair Mechanism of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Sulfated Polysaccharides of Different Molecular Weights on Damaged Renal Epithelial Cells

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/7410389 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Da Guo ◽

Kai Yu ◽

Xin-Yuan Sun ◽

Jian-Ming Ouyang

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Human Kidney ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

S Phase ◽

Gracilaria Lemaneiformis ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Repair Ability

Natural Gracilaria lemaneiformis sulfated polysaccharide (GLP0, molecular weight=622 kDa) was degraded by H2O2 to obtain seven degraded fragments, namely, GLP1, GLP2, GLP3, GLP4, GLP5, GLP6, and GLP7, with molecular weights of 106, 49.6, 10.5, 6.14, 5.06, 3.71, and 2.42 kDa, respectively. FT-IR and NMR results indicated that H2O2 degradation does not change the structure of GLP polysaccharides, whereas the content of the characteristic −OSO3H group (13.46% ± 0.10%) slightly increased than that of the natural polysaccharide (13.07%) after degradation. The repair effects of the polysaccharide fractions on oxalate-induced damaged human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were compared. When 60 μg/mL of each polysaccharide was used to repair the damaged HK-2 cells, cell viability increased and the cell morphology was restored, as determined by HE staining. The amount of lactate dehydrogenase released decreased from 16.64% in the injured group to 7.55%–13.87% in the repair groups. The SOD activity increased, and the amount of MDA released decreased. Moreover, the mitochondrial membrane potential evidently increased. All polysaccharide fractions inhibited S phase arrest through the decreased percentage of cells in the S phase and the increased percentage of cells in the G2/M phase. These results reveal that all GLP fractions exhibited repair effect on oxalate-induced damaged HK-2 cells. The repair ability is closely correlated with the molecular weight of the fractions. GLP2 with molecular weight of about 49.6 kDa exhibited the strongest repair effect, and GLP with higher or lower molecular weight than 49.6 kDa showed decreased repair ability. Our results can provide references for inhibiting the formation of kidney stones and developing original anti-stone polysaccharide drugs.

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