scholarly journals Objective assessment of risk maps of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis based on spatial patterns of located cases

1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Zeman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Risk Maps

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of tick-borne diseases (Tick-borne Encephalitis and Lyme Borreliosis) in Germany

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12422
Author(s):  
Sarah Cunze ◽  
Gustav Glock ◽  
Sven Klimpel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis

Background In the face of ongoing climate warming, vector-borne diseases are expected to increase in Europe, including tick-borne diseases (TBD). The most abundant tick-borne diseases in Germany are Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme Borreliosis (LB), with Ixodes ricinus as the main vector. Methods In this study, we display and compare the spatial and temporal patterns of reported cases of human TBE and LB in relation to some associated factors. The comparison may help with the interpretation of observed spatial and temporal patterns. Results The spatial patterns of reported TBE cases show a clear and consistent pattern over the years, with many cases in the south and only few and isolated cases in the north of Germany. The identification of spatial patterns of LB disease cases is more difficult due to the different reporting practices in the individual federal states. Temporal patterns strongly fluctuate between years, and are relatively synchronized between both diseases, suggesting common driving factors. Based on our results we found no evidence that weather conditions affect the prevalence of both diseases. Both diseases show a gender bias with LB bing more commonly diagnosed in females, contrary to TBE being more commonly diagnosed in males. Conclusion For a further investigation of of the underlying driving factors and their interrelations, longer time series as well as standardised reporting and surveillance system would be required.

scholarly journals The shifting landscape of tick-borne zoonoses: tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 356 (1411) ◽  
pp. 1045-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
The Baltic

The two major vector-borne diseases of northern temperate regions, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme borreliosis (LB), show very different epidemiological patterns, but both have increased significantly in incidence since the 1980s. Insight into the temporal dynamics of TBE, gained from statistical analysis of spatial patterns integrated with biological explanation, suggests that the recent increases in TBE cases in Central Europe and the Baltic States may have arisen largely from changes in human behaviour that have brought more people into contact with infected ticks. Under forecast climate change scenarios, it is predicted that enzootic cycles of TBE virus may not survive along the southern edge of their present range, e.g. in Slovenia, Croatia and Hungary, where case numbers are indeed decreasing. New foci, however, are predicted and have been observed in Scandinavia. At the same time, human impact on the landscape, increasing both the habitat and wildlife hosts of ticks, has allowed tick populations to multiply significantly. This probably accounts for a genuine emergence of LB, with its high potential transmission rate, in both the USA and Europe, although the rate of emergence has been exaggerated by improved surveillance and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Clinical features of double infection with tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis transmitted by tick bite

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1350-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Logina ◽  
A Krumina ◽  
G Karelis ◽  
L Elsone ◽  
L Viksna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Tick Bite ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis

scholarly journals The regional decline and rise of tick-borne encephalitis incidence do not correlate with Lyme borreliosis, Austria, 2005 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Stiasny ◽  
Isabel Santonja ◽  
Heidemarie Holzmann ◽  
Astrid Essl ◽  
Gerold Stanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Natural Vector ◽  
Hospital Discharge Records ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Tick Vectors ◽  
National Reference Center ◽  
Shed Light

Background Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus is a human pathogen that is expanding its endemic zones in Europe, emerging in previously unaffected regions. In Austria, increasing incidence in alpine regions in the west has been countered by a decline in traditional endemic areas to the east of the country. Aim To shed light on the cause of this disparity, we compared the temporal changes of human TBE incidences in all federal provinces of Austria with those of Lyme borreliosis (LB), which has the same tick vector and rodent reservoir. Methods This comparative analysis was based on the surveillance of hospitalised TBE cases by the National Reference Center for TBE and on the analysis of hospitalised LB cases from hospital discharge records across all of Austria from 2005 to 2018. Results The incidences of the two diseases and their annual fluctuations were not geographically concordant. Neither the decline in TBE in the eastern lowlands nor the increase in western alpine regions is paralleled by similar changes in the incidence of LB. Conclusion The discrepancy between changes in incidence of TBE and LB support the contributions of virus-specific factors beyond the mere availability of tick vectors and/or human outdoor activity, which are a prerequisite for the transmission of both diseases. A better understanding of parameters controlling human pathogenicity and the maintenance of TBE virus in its natural vector−host cycle will generate further insights into the focal nature of TBE and can potentially improve forecasts of TBE risk on smaller regional scales.

scholarly journals Current issues of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis and their risk factors

Hygiena ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Andrea Bušová ◽  
Erik Dorko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis

scholarly journals Prevalence of pathogens in ticks collected from humans through citizen science in Belgium

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinne Lernout ◽  
Nick De Regge ◽  
Katrien Tersago ◽  
Manoj Fonville ◽  
Vanessa Suin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background In order to evaluate the risk of human exposure to tick-borne pathogens in Belgium, a study on the prevalence of several pathogens was conducted on feeding ticks removed from humans in 2017. Methods Using a citizen science approach based on an existing notification tool for tick bites, a sample of ticks was collected across the country. Collected ticks were screened by PCR for the presence of the following pathogens: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), Borrelia miyamotoi, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia helvetica and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Results In total, 1599 ticks were included in the sample. The great majority of ticks belonged to Ixodes ricinus (99%); other tick species were identified as Ixodes hexagonus (0.7%) and Dermacentor reticulatus (0.3%). Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) was detected in 14% of nymphs and adult ticks. Adult ticks (20%) were more likely to be infected than nymphs (12%). The most common genospecies were B. afzelii (52%) and B. garinii (21%). Except for TBEV, the other tick-borne pathogens studied were all detected in the tick sample, although at a lower prevalence: 1.5% for Babesia spp.; 1.8% for A. phagocytophilum; 2.4% for B. miyamotoi; 2.8% for N. mikurensis; and 6.8% for R. helvetica. Rickettsia raoultii, the causative agent of tick-borne lymphadenopathy, was identified for the first time in Belgium, in two out of five D. reticulatus ticks. Co-infections were found in 3.9% of the examined ticks. The most common co-infection was B. burgdorferi (s.l.) + N. mikurensis. Conclusions Although for most of the tick-borne diseases in Belgium, other than Lyme borreliosis, no or few cases of human infection are reported, the pathogens causing these diseases were all (except for TBEV) detected in the tick study sample. Their confirmed presence can help raise awareness among citizens and health professionals in Belgium on possible diseases other than Lyme borreliosis in patients presenting fever or other non-characteristic symptoms after a tick bite.

Bacterial tick-associated infections in Australia: current studies and future directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Peter Irwin ◽  
Siobhon Egan ◽  
Telleasha Greay ◽  
Charlotte Oskam
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Boutonneuse Fever ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Shed Light

It may seem perplexing that there is any uncertainty in Australia about the existence of zoonotic tick-associated infections1–3. Outside this country, particularly in the northern hemisphere, tick-borne diseases such as human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, Boutonneuse fever, ehrlichiosis, Lyme borreliosis, and tick-borne encephalitis, have well documented aetiologies, epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatments. Why is Australia different and what research is being conducted to address this issue? This article briefly addresses these questions and explains how high-throughput metagenomic analysis has started to shed light on bacterial microbiomes in Australian ticks, providing new data on the presence and distribution of potentially zoonotic microbial taxa.

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