An egalitarian society? Widening inequalities in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases in Australia, 2006-16

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Adair ◽  
Alan D Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Geographical Inequalities ◽  
Life Expectancy Increase

Abstract Background The recent slowdown in life expectancy increase in Australia has occurred concurrently with widening socioeconomic and geographical inequalities in all-cause mortality risk. We analysed whether, and to what extent, mortality inequalities among specific non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Australia at ages 35–74 years widened during 2006–16. Methods Registered deaths that occurred during 2006–16 in Australia were analysed. Inequalities were measured by area socioeconomic quintile [ranging from Q1 (lowest) to Q5 (highest)] and remoteness (major cities, inner regional, outer regional/remote/very remote). Age-standardized death rates (ASDR) for 35–74 years were calculated and smoothed over time. Results NCD mortality inequalities by area socioeconomic quintile widened; the ratio of Q1 to Q5 ASDR for males increased from 1.96 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.91–2.01] in 2011 to 2.08 (2.03–2.13) in 2016, and for females from 1.78 (1.73–1.84) to 1.96 (1.90–2.02). Moreover, Q1 NCD ASDRs did not clearly decline from 2011 to 2016. CVD mortality inequalities were wider than for all NCDs. There were particularly large increases in smoking-related mortality inequalities. In 2016, mortality inequalities were especially high for chronic respiratory diseases, alcohol-related causes and diabetes. NCD mortality rates outside major cities were higher than within major cities, and these differences widened during 2006–16. Higher mortality rates in inner regional areas than in major cities were explained by socioeconomic factors. Conclusions Widening of inequalities in premature mortality rates is a major public health issue in Australia in the context of slowing mortality decline. Inequalities are partly explained by major risk factors for CVDs and NCDs: being overweight or obese, lack of exercise, poor diet and smoking. There is a need for urgent policy responses that consider socioeconomic disadvantage.

scholarly journals Seafood Intake as a Method of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Prevention in Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Dominika Jamioł-Milc ◽  
Jowita Biernawska ◽  
Magdalena Liput ◽  
Laura Stachowska ◽  
Zdzisław Domiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Seafood (fish in particular) is one of the main food groups in nutrition models with proven health benefits. Seafood has long been considered a very valuable dietary component, mainly due to presence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) but it is also an important source of protein (including collagen), anserine, taurine, iodine, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin K, vitamin D, tocopherols, B vitamins and astaxanthin. Considering the beneficial effects of these ingredients on blood pressure, lipid profile and the inflammatory process, seafood should be an essential component of the diet. Non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and mental disorder, chronic respiratory diseases are common diseases associated with advanced age. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle (including proper nutritional behavior) and prevention of diseases are the most effective and efficient ways to decrease premature mortality from NCD and to maintain mental health and well-being. This review article shows the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of seafood with an emphasis on fish. Our narrative review presents the results of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.

scholarly journals Trends in mortality due to non-communicable diseases in the Brazilian adult population: national and subnational estimates and projections for 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Bruce Bartholow Duncan ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
Renato Teixeira ◽  
Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Abstract Background Monitoring and reducing premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a global priority of Agenda 2030. This study aimed to describe the mortality trends and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to NCDs between 1990 and 2017 for Brazil and to project those for 2030 as well as the risk factors (RFs) attributed deaths according to estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Methods We analyzed cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, neoplasms, and diabetes, and compared the mortality rates in 1990 and 2017 for all of Brazil and states. The study used the definition of premature mortality (30–69 years) that is used by the World Health Organization. The number of deaths, mortality rates, DALYs, and years of life lost (YLL) were used to compare 1990 and 2017. We analyzed the YLL for NCDs attributable to RFs. Results There was a reduction of 35.3% from 509.1 deaths/100,000 inhabitants (1990) to 329.6 deaths/100,000 inhabitants due to NCDs in 2017. The DALY rate decreased by 33.6%, and the YLL rate decreased by 36.0%. There were reductions in NCDs rates in all 27 states. The main RFs related to premature deaths by NCDs in 2017 among women were high body mass index (BMI), dietary risks, high systolic blood pressure, and among men, dietary risks, high systolic blood pressure, tobacco, and high BMI. Trends in mortality rates due to NCDs declined during the study period; however, after 2015, the curve reversed, and rates fluctuated and tended to increase. Conclusion Our findings highlighted a decline in premature mortality rates from NCDs nationwide and in all states. There was a greater reduction in deaths from cardiovascular diseases, followed by respiratory diseases, and we observed a minor reduction for those from diabetes and neoplasms. The observed fluctuations in mortality rates over the last 3 years indicate that if no further action is taken, we may not achieve the NCD Sustainable Development Goals. These findings draw attention to the consequences of austerity measures in a socially unequal setting with great regional disparities in which the majority of the population is dependent on state social policies.

Non-Communicable Diseases and Global Health Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 626-659
Author(s):  
Roger Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are responsible for around 70 percent of global deaths each year. This chapter describes how NCDs have become prevalent and critically evaluates global efforts to address NCDs and their risk factors, with a particular focus on the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) system. It explores the factors that have prevented those addressing NCDs from achieving access to resources and a priority commensurate with their impact on people’s lives. The chapter evaluates the global response to NCDs both prior to and since the UN High-Level Meeting on Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, held in 2011, and considers opportunities for strengthening that response in future.

scholarly journals Integrated management of non-communicable diseases in low-income settings: palliative care, primary care and community health synergies

2018 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2018-001579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Munday ◽  
Vandana Kanth ◽  
Shadrach Khristi ◽  
Liz Grant
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Care Community

Palliative care is recognised as a fundamental component of Universal Health Coverage (UHC), which individual countries, led by the United Nations and the WHO, are committed to achieving worldwide by 2030—Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.8. As the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) increases, their prevention and control are the central aspects of UHC in these areas. While the main focus is on reducing premature mortality from NCDs (SDG 3.4), palliative care is becoming increasingly important in LMICs, in which 80% of the need is found. This paper discusses the challenges of providing comprehensive NCD management in LMICs, the role of palliative care in addressing the huge and growing burden of serious health-related suffering, and also its scope for leveraging various aspects of primary care NCD management. Drawing on experiences in India and Nepal, and particularly a project on the India–Nepal border in which palliative care, community health and primary care-led NCD management are being integrated, we explore the synergies arising and describe a model where palliative care is integral to the whole spectrum of NCD management, from promotion and prevention, through treatment, rehabilitation and palliation. We believe this model could provide a framework for integrated NCD management more generally in rural India and Nepal and also other LMICs as they work to make NCD management as part of UHC a reality.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity of chronic non-communicable diseases: burden, care provision and outcomes over time among patients attending chronic outpatient medical care in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia—a mixed methods study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e051107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fantu Abebe Eyowas ◽  
Marguerite Schneider ◽  
Shitaye Alemu ◽  
Fentie Ambaw Getahun
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Bahir Dar ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionMultimorbidity refers to the presence of two or more chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a given individual. It is associated with premature mortality, lower quality of life (QoL) and greater use of healthcare resources. The burden of multimorbidity could be huge in the low and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Ethiopia. However, there is limited evidence on the magnitude of multimorbidity, associated risk factors and its effect on QoL and functionality. In addition, the evidence base on the way health systems are organised to manage patients with multimorbidity is sparse. The knowledge gleaned from this study could have a timely and significant impact on the prevention, management and survival of patients with NCD multimorbidity in Ethiopia and in LMICs at large.Methods and analysisThis study has three phases: (1) a cross-sectional quantitative study to determine the magnitude of NCD multimorbidity and its effect on QoL and functionality, (2) a qualitative study to explore organisation of care for patients with multimorbidity, and (3) a longitudinal quantitative study to investigate disease progression and patient outcomes over time. A total of 1440 patients (≥40 years) on chronic care follow-up will be enrolled from different facilities for the quantitative studies. The quantitative data will be collected from multiple sources using the KoBo Toolbox software and analysed by STATA V.16. Multiple case study designs will be employed to collect the qualitative data. The qualitative data will be coded and analysed by Open Code software thematically.Ethics and disseminationEthical clearance has been obtained from the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University (protocol number 003/2021). Subjects who provide written consent will be recruited in the study. Confidentiality of data will be strictly maintained. Findings will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

scholarly journals HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG DISPENSARY OBSERVATION PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS IN BULGARIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 943-947
Author(s):  
Teodora Dimcheva ◽  
Boryana Levterova ◽  
Desislava Bakova ◽  
Nonka Mateva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Introduction: The prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide acquires epidemic dimensions. In Europe, five nosological groups (diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and mental disabilities) constitute 77% of NCDs and cause about 86% of deaths in the region.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the quality of life in patients with chronic non-communicable diseases under dispensary observation.Methods: The pilot cross-sectional study was performed among adult with chronic diseases in primary care practices in the Plovdiv district (the second largest in Bulgaria) from May to June 2013.Results: A total of 200 adults with chronic diseases participated in the study. The mean age was 55.6 years (range 25–95, standard deviation (SD) 16.9). The most common chronic diseases in our study were cardiovascular 51% (ischemic heart disease, hypertension, etc.), followed by endocrinology diseases (23%). There was statistically significant differences in the assessments of "general health" in different groups of participants by gender (χ2 = 16.65, P <0.002), age (χ2 = 12.57, P <0.05) and social status (χ2 = 28.54, P <0.0001).Conclusion: The subjective assessment of health is a factor that has a strong impact on the quality of life of patients and is an important component in evaluating the effectiveness of provided health care for patients with chronic non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals A comprehensive capacity assessment tool for non-communicable diseases in low- to middle-income countries: development and results of pilot testing

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Garcia de Quevedo ◽  
Felipe Lobelo ◽  
Loren Cadena ◽  
Madalena Soares ◽  
Michael Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Primary Care Services ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide, with higher rates of premature mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This places a high economic burden on these countries, which usually have limited capacity to address this public health problem. We developed a guided self-assessment tool for describing national capacity for NCD prevention and control. The purpose of this tool was to assist countries in identifying key opportunities and gaps in NCD capacity. It was piloted in three countries between 2012 and 2013: Mozambique, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic. The tool includes details about NCD burden; health system infrastructure and primary care services; workforce capacity; surveillance; planning, policy, and program management; and partnerships. In the three pilot countries, the tool helped to identify differences in capacity needs pertaining to staff, training, and surveillance, but similarities were also found related to NCD challenges and opportunities. The NCD tool increased our understanding of needs and critical capacity elements for addressing NCDs in the three pilot countries. This tool can be used by other LMICs to map their efforts toward addressing NCD goals and defining priorities.

scholarly journals Mortality from respiratory infections and chronic non-communicable diseases before the COVID-19 pandemic in Cali, Colombia.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Bravo Ocaña ◽  
Paola Collazos ◽  
Elvia Karina Grillo Ardila ◽  
Luz Stella García ◽  
Erquinovaldo Millán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Introduction: The COVID-19 disease pandemic is a health emergency. Older people and those with chronic noncommunicable diseases are more likely to develop serious illnesses, equire ventilatory support, and die from complications. Objective: To establish deaths from respiratory infections and some chronic non-communicable diseases that occurred in Cali, before the SARS-CoV-2 disease pandemic. Methods: During the 2003-2019 period, 207,261 deaths were registered according to the general mortality database of the Municipal Secretary of Health of Cali. Deaths were coded with the International Classification of Diseases and causes of death were grouped according to WHO guidelines. Rates were standardized by age and are expressed per 100,000 people-year. Results: A direct relationship was observed between aging and mortality from respiratory infections and chronic non-communicable diseases. Age-specific mortality rates were highest in those older than 80 years for all diseases evaluated. Seasonal variation was evident in respiratory diseases in the elderly. Comments: Estimates of mortality rates from respiratory infections and chronic non-communicable diseases in Cali provide the baseline that will serve as a comparison to estimate the excess mortality caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Health authorities and decision makers should be guided by reliable estimates of mortality and of the proportion of infected people who die from SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.

Making primary healthcare responsive to non-communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Baiden
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Formal Integration ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Abstract Primary healthcare (PHC) meets the needs of people's health throughout their lives and empowers individuals and communities to oversee their own health. Most of the community-based activities currently undertaken in PHC in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) address child and maternal health. Non-communicable diseases are now major causes of morbidity and premature mortality in SSA. In this paper, I propose the formal integration of community-based, non-communicable disease prevention and early detection into PHC activities. I offer practical suggestions on how this can be achieved to ensure a continuum of care.

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