Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis by Gas-Liquid Chromatography. I. Chemotyping Studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli

1979 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Brice ◽  
T. G. Tornabene ◽  
F. M. LaForce
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography

Một số đặc điểm kháng kháng sinh nhóm Beta-lactam của vi khuẩn tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Quốc tế Hải Phòng, năm 2018 - 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Thu Phương ◽  
Trần Thị Ngân ◽  
Ngô Thị Quỳnh Mai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Beta Lactam

Nghiên cứu đã tiến hành phân tích kết quả xét nghiệm của 4722 mẫu bệnh phẩm vi sinh tại bệnh viện Đa khoa Quốc tế Hải Phòng từ năm 2018 đến năm 2020 nhằm mô tả một số đặc điểm kháng kháng sinh nhóm beta-lactam của một số vi khuẩn điển hình. Qua phân tích nhóm nghiên cứu thấy các vi khuẩn chủ yếu phân lập được là Escherichia coli (26,2%), Staphylococcus aureus (12,5%), và Haemophilus influenzae (8,6%). Vi khuẩn Escherichia coli kháng kháng sinh nhóm Beta-lactam với tỷ lệ khá cao (từ 1% (Imipenem) đến 29% (cefuroxime)). Tuy nhiên, vi khuẩn Streptococcus pneumoniae còn nhạy cảm với nhóm kháng sinh này với tỷ lệ kháng là 0%. Cefuroxime là kháng sinh có tỷ lệ bị kháng cao nhất với 42,7%. Các chủngvi khuẩn tại bệnh viện còn khá nhạy cảm với các kháng sinh thuộc nhóm carbapenem với tỷ lệ kháng thấp. Trong đó vi khuẩn là Acinetobacter baumannii và Pseudomonas aeruginosa có tỉ lệ kháng kháng sinh nhóm này từ 4,2% đến 5,2%. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã cung cấp dữ liệu về tính đề kháng kháng sinh betalactam của các vi khuẩn điển hình tại bệnh viện nhằm hỗ trợ các bác sĩ trong việc lựa chọn và sử dụng kháng sinh an toàn và hiệu quả

scholarly journals Detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Multiplex PCR for Diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Paediatric Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Nilufar Yeasmin Nili
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Etiologic Diagnosis

The present study was done to evaluate a multiplex PCR based method for simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in CSF. A cross sectional study was carried out with 140 children (2 months to 12 years of age) with clinical suspicion of acute meningitis during July 2010 to June 2011. Three species-specific primers were used along with universal primers of bacterial gene 16S rRNA, in a two-stage PCR assay for diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis.Among 140 patients, 42 (30%) cases were diagnosed as bacterial meningitis and other 98 (70%) as viral meningitis by clinical and cytobiochemical criteria. Out of 42 bacterial meningitis cases, 9 (21.43%) were positive by Gram stain.These 9 cases were also positive by bacterial culture and PCR. Again, 15 (35.71%) were positive by bacterial culture which were also PCR positive. In 27 cases (out of 42), the etiologic diagnosis was not possible using routine bacteriological methods; in 11 of these patients, the etiologic agents were identified by PCR. In addition, PCR recognized 5 more cases whose etiologic diagnosis was not possible, as they were identified by universal primer of 16S rRNA. Hence, among 31 (73.81%) PCR positive cases, 12 (38.71%) were S. pneumoniae, 10 (32.26%) were H. influenzae, 4 (12.9%) were N. meningitidis and 5 (16.13%) were other bacteria.Among the antibiotic users, bacterial meningitis case detection by PCR was higher (65.52%) than that of culture (10.34%) and Gram staining (6.90%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of PCR assay was 100% and 66% respectively when bacterial culture was considered as gold standard. PCR can be used as a valuable supplementary diagnostic technique in routine clinical practice for diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis in hospital setting. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2017; 11 (2): 9-16

Simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae by quantitative PCR from CSF samples with negative culture in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Ikken ◽  
Amina Benaouda ◽  
Latifa Ibn Yaich ◽  
Farida Hilali ◽  
Yassine Sekhsokh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Negative Culture

AbstractBacteriological cultures from cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) have less sensitivity and specificity compared to quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), and multiple facts still conduct to the increase of negative culture. The aims of this study are to determine the molecular epidemiology and the simultaneous detection of bacterial meningitis in Morocco by using RT-PCR and compared this molecular approach with culture method to improve the etiological diagnosis of meningitis. The CSFs were collected over one-year period in 2018 in different hospitals covering all regions of the Kingdom of Morocco, from patients with suspected meningitis. The results showed the confirmation rate per culture recorded a rate of 33% and the RT-PCR of 70%. Molecular epidemiology is predominant of Neisseria meningitidis followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and a dramatic reduction in meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae following the introduction of conjugate vaccine in 2007. Also, the epidemiological profile shows a sex ratio M/F of 1.4 and a median age of 2 years. The national distribution showed a predominant of meningococcal disease followed by pneumococcal disease, especially a dominance of N. meningitidis over S. pneumoniae in two regions and a slight predominance of S. pneumoniae in the other two regions over N. meningitidis. Our research shows that culture in our country has less sensitivity and specificity than RT-PCR in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and that molecular biology technique at bacteriology laboratories is desirable for diagnosis, early management of meningitis cases and in the context of the surveillance of meningitis in Morocco in parallel with culture.

scholarly journals Studies on Phytochemical, Nutraceutical Profiles and Potential Medicinal Values of Allium sativum Linn (Lilliaceae) on Bacterial Meningitis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kokori Bajeh Tijani ◽  
Abdullahi Attah Alfa ◽  
Abdullahi Aminu Sezor
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Neisseria Meningitides

The studies on phytochemical, nutraceutical profiles and potential medicinal values of Allium sativum linn (lilliaceae) on bacterial meningitis were evaluated against bacterial meningitis pathogens. The methods employed in this study were validation of phytochemical screening which was done according to standard methods, determination of nutritional composition was carried out using analytical automated instruments (Atomic Absorption Spectrometers) and evaluation of in vitro antibacterial activities of the extracts against clinical isolates using agar-well diffusion and broth dilution methods. The clinical isolates of meningitis pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli were obtained from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Shika-Zaria. The collected bulbs of A. sativum (600 g) were washed and air dried under shade for 2 hours and the dry scaly outer covering was peeled-off to obtain the fresh garlic cloves which were then divided into three parts of 200 g each. These three portions were crushed separately for cold extraction. The first portion was homogenized and poured into a muslin cloth to squeeze out the juice, while second and third portions were homogenized and submerged into 500 ml of 96% ethanol and 500 ml of distilled water respectively for 24 hours and both filtered after thorough shaking. The first and second portions were freeze dried, while the third portion was evaporated over water bath at 50°C to obtain the powdered yield. The phytochemical screening of A. sativum extracts (JEAS, EEAS and AEAS) revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, fats & oils, flavonoids, saponins and steroidal terpenoids. The results obtained as nutritional profiles from analytical automated machines analysis showed that A. sativum contained all classes of food nutrients such as carbohydrate, protein, fat and oils, dietary fibres, and vitamins together with zeolite herbominerals (nanopharmacologic effects). JEAS and EEAS extracts were potent in (0.94 ± 0.01 minutes), (0.99±0.04) and antibacterial activities while and AEAS (1.20±0.04) showed low activity, inhibiting the clinical bacterial isolates Neisseria meningitides, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli with diameter of zone of inhibition ranging from 15-36 mm at concentrations of 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/ml. It produced significant (p<0.05) antibacterial activity while EEAS and AEAS showed low activities, except Klebsiella pneumoniae which was resistant to the three extracts concentrations used. The extracts inhibited the growth of the bacterial isolates in a concentration dependent manner with MICs ranging between 0.04-1.56 mg/ml while MBCs was 0.10-2.50 mg/ml respectively the findings from this study could be of interest and suggest the need for further investigations with a view to use the plant in novel drug development for BM therapy. The outcome of this study could therefore justify the ethnomedical and folkloric usage of A. sativum to treat bacterial meningitis locally.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of the Molecular Epidemiology and Laboratory Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Meningitis Agents: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus agalactiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Raymond S. W. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance

This narrative review describes the public health importance of four most common bacterial meningitis agents, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and S. agalactiae (group B Streptococcus). Three of them are strict human pathogens that normally colonize the nasopharynx and may invade the blood stream to cause systemic infections and meningitis. S. agalactiae colonizes the genito-gastrointestinal tract and is an important meningitis agent in newborns, but also causes invasive infections in infants or adults. These four bacteria have polysaccharide capsules that protect them against the host complement defense. Currently licensed conjugate vaccines (against S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, and N. meningitidis only but not S. agalactiae) can induce protective serum antibodies in infants as young as two months old offering protection to the most vulnerable groups, and the ability to eliminate carriage of homologous serotype strains in vaccinated subjects lending further protection to those not vaccinated through herd immunity. However, the serotype-specific nature of these vaccines have driven the bacteria to adapt by mechanisms that affect the capsule antigens through either capsule switching or capsule replacement in addition to the possibility of unmasking of strains or serotypes not covered by the vaccines. The post-vaccine molecular epidemiology of vaccine-preventable bacterial meningitis is discussed based on findings obtained with newer genomic laboratory surveillance methods.

scholarly journals Use of a new multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction based assay for simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli K , Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Hemmati ◽  
Farhad Nikkhahi ◽  
Amir Javadi ◽  
Sahar Eskandarion ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Amin Marashi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background and Objectives: Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli K , Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae cause 90% of bacterial meningitis. Almost all infected people die or have irreversible neurological complica- tions. Therefore, it is essential to have a diagnostic kit with the ability to quickly detect these fatal infections. Materials and Methods: The project involved 212 patients from whom cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained. After total genome extraction and performing multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), the presence or absence of each infectious factor was determined by comparing with standard strains. Results: The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value calculated were 100%, 92.9%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. So, due to the high specificity and sensitivity of the designed primers, they can be used instead of bacterial culture that takes at least 24 to 48 hours. Conclusion: The remarkable benefit of this method is associated with the speed (up to 3 hours) at which the procedure could be completed. It is also worth noting that this method can reduce the personnel unintentional errors which may occur in the laboratory. On the other hand, as this method simultaneously identifies four common factors that cause bacterial meningitis, it could be used as an auxiliary method diagnostic technique in laboratories particularly in cases of emergency medicine.

scholarly journals Multicenter Hospital-Based Prospective Surveillance Study of Bacterial Agents Causing Meningitis and Seroprevalence of Different Serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae Type b, and Streptococcus pneumoniae during 2015 to 2018 in Turkey

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ceyhan ◽  
Yasemin Ozsurekci ◽  
Sevgen Tanır Basaranoglu ◽  
Nezahat Gurler ◽  
Enes Sali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Type B ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT The etiology of bacterial meningitis in Turkey changed after the implementation of conjugated vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in the Turkish National Immunization Program (NIP). Administration of Hib vaccine and PCV-7 (7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) was implemented in NIP in 2006 and 2009, respectively. In 2011, PCV-7 was replaced with PCV-13. Meningococcal vaccines have not yet been included in Turkish NIP. This prospective study comprised 27 hospitals located in seven regions of Turkey and represented 45% of the population. Children aged between 1 month and 18 years who were hospitalized with suspected meningitis were included. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected, and bacterial identification was made according to the multiplex PCR assay results. During the study period, 994 children were hospitalized for suspected meningitis, and Hib (n = 3, 2.4%), S. pneumoniae (n = 33, 26.4%), and Neisseria meningitidis (n = 89, 71%) were detected in 125 samples. The most common meningococcal serogroup was MenB. Serogroup W comprised 13.9% (n = 5) and 7.5% (n = 4) of the meningococci in 2015 to 2016 and 2017 to 2018, respectively. Serogroup C was not detected. There were four deaths in the study; one was a pneumococcus case, and the others were serogroup B meningococcus cases. The epidemiology of meningococcal diseases has varied over time in Turkey. Differing from the previous surveillance periods, MenB was the most common serogroup in the 2015-to-2018 period. Meningococcal epidemiology is so dynamic that, for vaccination policies, close monitoring is crucial. IMPORTANCE Acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is one of the most common life-threatening infections in children. The incidence and prevalence of ABM vary both geographically and temporally; therefore, surveillance systems are necessary to determine the accurate burden of ABM. The Turkish Meningitis Surveillance Group has been performing a hospital-based meningitis surveillance study since 2005 across several regions in Turkey. Meningococcus was the major ABM-causing agent during the 2015-to-2018 period, during which MenB was the dominant serogroup.

scholarly journals Infecção fulminante pós-esplenectomia

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruy Garcia Marques ◽  
Andy Petroianu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Haemophilus Influenza

RACIONAL: A esplenectomia, em qualquer faixa etária e por qualquer indicação, aumenta o risco de morte por infecção fulminante. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a definição, a etiologia, a incidência, os fatores de risco e a profilaxia da infeção fulminante pós-esplenectomia, bem como os métodos existentes para preservação de tecido esplênico quando a esplenectomia total faz-se necessária. MÉTODO: Revisão bibliográfica. RESULTADOS: Os agentes etiológicos mais freqüentemente encontrados nesse quadro séptico são Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza e tipo B, e Neisseria meningitidis. Outras bactérias, como Escherichia coli, Streptococcus b-hemolítico, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas sp, também representam risco significativo. Similarmente, grande variedade de agentes, incluindo outros microrganismos entéricos Gram-negativos e patógenos não-bacterianos, também é relatada esporadicamente. A profilaxia situa-se em três categorias principais: educação dos pacientes, imunoprofilaxia e quimioprofilaxia. Contudo, essas medidas não são suficientes para debelar o grande risco de desenvolvimento dessa enfermidade. Quando a esplenectomia total for necessária, o auto-implante esplênico heterotópico parece constituir a única alternativa para preservação de tecido esplênico. Estudos clínicos e experimentais têm mostrado que, após um período de regeneração, desenvolve-se tecido esplênico viável, com características estruturais similares a um baço normal e com preservação da função imune esplênica. CONCLUSÕES: Com a caracterização mais detalhada da infecção fulminante pós-esplenectomia, a indicação para esplenectomia total, tanto no trauma, como em diversas enfermidades, vem nitidamente decrescendo. Métodos profiláticos foram desenvolvidos visando à minimização dos efeitos dessa grave enfermidade. Muitas pesquisas vêm tentando determinar o grau de imunocompetência que o enxerto esplênico autógeno pode prover ao hospedeiro, em resposta à invasão bacteriana.

scholarly journals Identification of Common Bacterial Pathogens Causing Meningitis in Culture-Negative Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walaa Shawky Khater ◽  
Safia Hamed Elabd
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Culture Negative

Background. Meningitis is a serious communicable disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. It is an endemic disease in Egypt caused mainly byStreptococcus pneumoniae,Neisseria meningitidis, andHaemophilus influenzae. In some settings, bacterial meningitis is documented depending mainly on positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture results or CSF positive latex agglutination test, missing the important role of prior antimicrobial intake which can yield negative culture and latex agglutination test results. This study aimed to utilize molecular technology in order to diagnose bacterial meningitis in culture-negative CSF samples.Materials and Methods. Forty culture-negative CSF samples from suspected cases of bacterial meningitis were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) for the presence oflytA,bexA, andctrAgenes specific forStreptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae, andNeisseria meningitidis, respectively.Results. Positive real-time PCR results forStreptococcus pneumoniaewere detected in 36 (90%) of culture-negative CSF samples while no positive results forHaemophilus influenzaeorNeisseria meningitidiswere detected. Four (10%) samples were negative by real-time PCR for all tested organisms.Conclusion. The use of molecular techniques as real-time PCR can provide a valuable addition to the proportion of diagnosed cases of bacterial meningitis especially in settings with high rates of culture-negative results.

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