Microbial-based magnetic nanoparticles production: a mini-review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Chmykhalo ◽  
Anna Belanova ◽  
Mariya Belousova ◽  
Vera Butova ◽  
Yuriy Makarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Precursor Ions

Abstract The ever-increasing biomedical application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) implies increasing demand in their scalable and high-throughput production, with finely tuned and well-controlled characteristics. One of the options to meet the demand is microbial production by nanoparticles-synthesizing bacteria. This approach has several benefits over the standard chemical synthesis methods, including improved homogeneity of synthesis, cost-effectiveness, safety and eco-friendliness. There are, however, specific challenges emanating from the nature of the approach that are to be accounted and resolved in each manufacturing instance. Most of the challenges can be resolved by proper selection of the producing organism and optimizing cell culture and nanoparticles extraction conditions. Other issues require development of proper continuous production equipment, medium usage optimization and precursor ions recycling. This mini-review focuses on the related topics in microbial synthesis of MNPs: producing organisms, culturing methods, nanoparticles characteristics tuning, nanoparticles yield and synthesis timeframe considerations, nanoparticles isolation as well as on the respective challenges and possible solutions.

scholarly journals MAGNETIC CHITOSAN NANOCOMPOSITES AS ADSORBENTS IN INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT: A BRIEF REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 185-205
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD JAVAD SHARIFI ◽  
AMIDEDDIN NOURALISHAHI ◽  
AHMAD HALLAJISANI ◽  
MAHDI ASKARI
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Magnetic Chitosan ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Marine Polysaccharide

In recent decades, the increasing demand for chemicals has led to producing large volumes of wastewater streams, which should be treated before their release into the environment. Chitosan, a marine polysaccharide derived from chitin, has recently attracted great attention as a promising adsorbent to eliminate ionic dyes and metals from industrial waste streams. Nevertheless, chitosan has its drawbacks, such as its rather weak mechanical properties, low surface area and difficult separation from final streams. The incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles into chitosan may be considered as one of the most effective remedies for the mentioned challenges. This paper addresses the efforts that have been recently made for the application of magnetic nanoparticles/chitosan nanocomposites (MCNCs) as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. In this regard, the synthesis methods, physicochemical properties, and the effects of operational conditions on the performance of MCNCs have been reviewed. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and mechanisms are also highlighted.

scholarly journals State-of-the-art iridium-based catalysts for acidic water electrolysis: a minireview of wet-chemistry synthesis methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshi Dhawan ◽  
Marc Secanell ◽  
Natalia Semagina
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Acidic Water ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Selection Of

With the increasing demand for clean hydrogen production, both as a fuel and an indispensable reagent for chemical industries, acidic water electrolysis has attracted considerable attention in academic and industrial research. Iridium is a well-accepted active and corrosion-resistant component of catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, its scarcity demands breakthroughs in catalyst preparation technologies to ensure its most efficient utilization. This minireview focusses on the wet-chemistry synthetic methods of the most active and (potentially) durable Ir catalysts for acidic OER, selected from the recent publications in the open literature. The catalysts are classified by their synthesis methods, with authors' opinion on their practicality. The review may also guide the selection of the state-of-the-art Ir catalysts for benchmarking purposes.

scholarly journals A Thermofluid Analysis of the Magnetic Nanoparticles Enhanced Heating Effects in Tissues Embedded with Large Blood Vessel during Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koustov Adhikary ◽  
Moloy Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fluid ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Selection Of

The thermal effect developed due to the heating of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in presence of external magnetic field can be precisely controlled by the proper selection of magnetic absorption properties of the MNPs. The present paper deals with the numerical simulation of temperature field developed within or outside the tumor, in the presence of an external alternating magnetic field, using a thermofluidic model developed using ANSYS FLUENT®. A three-layer nonuniform tissue structure with one or two blood vessels surrounding the tumor is considered for the present simulation. The results obtained clearly suggest that the volumetric distribution pattern of MNPs within the tumor has a strong influence on the temperature field developed. The linear pattern of volumetric distribution has a strong effect over the two other types of distribution considered herein. Various other important factors like external magnetic field intensity, frequency, vascular congestion, types of MNP material, and so forth are considered to find the influence on the temperature within the tumor. Results show that proper selection of these parameters has a strong influence on the desired therapeutic temperature range and thus it is of utmost importance from the efficacy point of view of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH).

Meriel Talbot and the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women, 1919–1937

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Bonnie White
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Service ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
British Government ◽  
Early Failure ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Female Migrants ◽  
Post War ◽  
Selection Of

In 1917 the British government began making plans for post-war adjustments to the economy, which included the migration of surplus women to the dominions. The Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women was established in 1920 to facilitate the migration of female workers to the dominions. Earlier studies have argued that overseas emigration efforts purposefully directed women into domestic service as surplus commodities, thus alleviating the female ‘surplus’ and easing economic hardships of the post-war period. This article argues that as Publicity Officer for the SOSBW, Meriel Talbot targeted women she believed would be ideal candidates for emigration, including former members of the Women's Land Army and affiliated groups. With the proper selection of female migrants, Talbot sought to expand work opportunities for women in the dominions beyond domestic service, while reducing the female surplus at home and servicing the connection between state and empire. Dominion authorities, whose demands for migrant labour vacillated between agricultural workers during the war years and domestic servants after 1920, disapproved of Talbot's efforts to migrate women for work in agriculture. Divergent policies led to the early failure of the SOSBW in 1923.

scholarly journals Design Concepts for NiTiNOL Wires to Function as a Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Josephine Selvarani Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Mechanical Element ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Inverse Hysteresis

AbstractNickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory (NiTiNOL) is widely called as a shape memory alloy (SMA), a class of nonlinear smart material inherited with the functionally programmed property of varying electrical resistance during the transformation enabling to be positioned as a sensing element. The major challenge to instrument the SMA wires is to suppress the wires’ nonlinearity by proper selection of two important factors. The first factor is influenced by the mechanical biasing element and the other is to identify the sensing current for the sensing device (SMA wires + biasing). This paper focuses on developing SMA wires for sensing in different orientation types and configurations by removing the non-linearity in the system’s output by introducing inverse hysteresis to the wires through the passive mechanical element.

scholarly journals Circular Economy Strategies for Equipment Lifetime Extension: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fontana ◽  
Andrea Barni ◽  
Deborah Leone ◽  
Maurizio Spirito ◽  
Agata Tringale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Equipment Lifetime ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Lifetime Extension

Even if the economy nowadays is still locked into a linear model of production, tighter environmental standards, resource scarcity and changing consumer expectations are forcing organizations to find alternatives to lighten their impacts. The concept of Circular Economy (CE) is to an increasing extent treated as a solution to this series of challenges. That said, the multitude of approaches and definitions around CE and Life Cycle Extension Strategies (LCES) makes it difficult to provide (Small and Medium Enterprise) SMEs with a consistent understanding of the topic. This paper aims at bridging this gap by providing a systematic literature review of the most prominent papers related to the CE and lifetime extension, with a particular focus on the equipment and machinery sector. A taxonomy was used to define and cluster a subset of selected papers to build a homogeneous approach for understanding the multiple strategies used in the industry, and the standards in maintenance and remanufacturing strategies. As a final research step, we also propose a Strategy Characterization Framework (SCF) to build the ground for the selection of the best strategy to be applied for production equipment life cycle extension on several industrial use cases.

scholarly journals Topographical and Biomechanical Guidance of Electrospun Fibers for Biomedical Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2896
Author(s):  
Sara Ferraris ◽  
Silvia Spriano ◽  
Alessandro Calogero Scalia ◽  
Andrea Cochis ◽  
Lia Rimondini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Polymeric Fibers ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Synthetic And Natural Polymers ◽  
Selection Of

Electrospinning is gaining increasing interest in the biomedical field as an eco-friendly and economic technique for production of random and oriented polymeric fibers. The aim of this review was to give an overview of electrospinning potentialities in the production of fibers for biomedical applications with a focus on the possibility to combine biomechanical and topographical stimuli. In fact, selection of the polymer and the eventual surface modification of the fibers allow selection of the proper chemical/biological signal to be administered to the cells. Moreover, a proper design of fiber orientation, dimension, and topography can give the opportunity to drive cell growth also from a spatial standpoint. At this purpose, the review contains a first introduction on potentialities of electrospinning for the obtainment of random and oriented fibers both with synthetic and natural polymers. The biological phenomena which can be guided and promoted by fibers composition and topography are in depth investigated and discussed in the second section of the paper. Finally, the recent strategies developed in the scientific community for the realization of electrospun fibers and for their surface modification for biomedical application are presented and discussed in the last section.

A Non-Normality Measure of the Condition Number for Monitoring and Control

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunsoo Huh ◽  
Jeffrey L. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Condition Number ◽  
Minimization Problem ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Modal Structure ◽  
L2 Norm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Normality Measure ◽  
Selection Of

Because the behavior of the condition number can have highly steep and multi-modal structure, optimal control and monitoring problems based on the condition number cannot be easily solved. In this paper, a minimization problem is formulated for κ2(P), the condition number of an eigensystem (P) of a matrix in terms of the L2 norm. A new non-normality measure is shown to exist that guarantees small values for the condition number. In addition, this measure can be minimized by proper selection of controller and observer gains. Application to the design of well-conditioned controller and observer-based monitors is illustrated.

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