Determination of meridian position by a two-step ground gyrocompass in eesthetical rotor positioning

Contradiction between accuracy and time of definition of a plane of a geographical meridian has significantly weakened with appearance of automatic gyrocompasses and algorithmic methods of processing of the information from them. These methods allow us to expand the range of possible modes of gyrocompasses, including non-traditional. The article considers an automatic two-stage ground gyro compass operating in the mode of natural stopping of the rotor after its pulse acceleration by non-electrical means (squib , compressed air, etc.). The specified mode is attractive because it allows to identify uncontrolled harmful moment around the axis of suspension in one start and significantly reduce the measurement time. In order to further improve the device, it is proposed to abandon the measurement of the current value of the kinetic moment, and to identify the decay coefficient of the exponential function by observing the azimuthal motion of the sensitive element of the device. Moreover, the paper shows that it is possible not to measure the initial value of the kinetic momentum, replacing the measurement with identification of this parameter by observing the same azimuthal motion of the sensitive element. In this case there is no need to have on the sensitive element any nodes associated with the transmission of power and electrical signals, the sensitive element can be made as a purely mechanical element, carrying on itself a rotating rotor. For all considered variants of measurement (or identification) of parameters the machine simulation was carried out, which confirmed the performance of the proposed methodology.

Main Mechanisms of Correlation between the Subjects of Constitutional Law

The purpose of the paper is to systematize the main mechanisms of the correlation between the subjects of constitutional law and to describe the specifics of each mechanism. The correlation between the subjects of constitutional law means the relationship between the subject and something or someone else in view of its actions or states. If legal relations arise only within the framework of the normatively established rules of behavior, the interaction is also carried out by various subjects in the name of a single common goal, the interrelationship simply represents absolutely any relationship between the subjects, the correlation includes all the listed phenomena, bearing in mind still different ways of life, the emergence of legal relations. One of the sections of this doctrinal concept is the "mechanical" element -- how the participants in the relationship relate to each other, sometimes not directly entering into legal relations, but exerting mutual influence. This element is important both in determining the specific actions of an individual subject, and for building a general systematics of the behavior of subjects, regulated by law. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the paper deals exclusively with the mechanisms of correlation of the subjects of constitutional law, which does not always fully comply with the norms of law and has nothing to do with the mechanism of legal regulation. It should also be noted that the author examines only the mechanisms that he considers to be main. And the logic of the presentation is to consider them in such a way that this theoretical construct forms the basis of law-making activity, when actual relationships are primerely taken into account, and only then into account are taken project ideas with the help of which these relationships are expected to be transformed.

Making Better Swirl Brakes Using Computational Fluid Dynamics: Performance Enhancement From Geometry Variation

A fluid with a large swirl (circumferential) velocity entering an annular pressure seal influences the seal cross-coupled dynamic stiffness coefficients and hence it affects system stability. Typically comprising a large number of angled vanes around the seal circumference, a swirl brake (SB) is a mechanical element installed to reduce (even reverse) the swirl velocity entering an annular seal. By using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, the paper details a process to engineer a SB upstream of a sixteen-tooth labyrinth seal (LS) with tip clearance Cr = 0.203 mm. Rather than relying on extensive experiments, the CFD analysis proves effective to quickly engineer a best SB configuration from the quantification of performance while varying the SB geometry and inlet swirl condition.

Design Concepts for NiTiNOL Wires to Function as a Sensor

Nickel Titanium Naval Ordinance Laboratory (NiTiNOL) is widely called as a shape memory alloy (SMA), a class of nonlinear smart material inherited with the functionally programmed property of varying electrical resistance during the transformation enabling to be positioned as a sensing element. The major challenge to instrument the SMA wires is to suppress the wires’ nonlinearity by proper selection of two important factors. The first factor is influenced by the mechanical biasing element and the other is to identify the sensing current for the sensing device (SMA wires + biasing). This paper focuses on developing SMA wires for sensing in different orientation types and configurations by removing the non-linearity in the system’s output by introducing inverse hysteresis to the wires through the passive mechanical element.

ENHANCING STRUCTURAL RESPONSE USING INERTER DAMPERS

This paper deals with one kind of dampers which is inerter damper, Inerter is a new mechanical element proposed by Professor Malcolm C. Smith from Cambridge University, which is defined as a mechanical two-terminal, one-port device with the property that the equal and opposite force applied at the terminals is proportional to the relative acceleration between the terminals the principle work of inerter damper is how to convert the linear motion into rotational motion to mitigation the external excitation. Theoretical analysis was presented first part is the analytical study which made modeling for the damping structure proposed and get the equation of motion for the inerter behavior, secondly numerical analysis where the program (ANSYS WORK-Bench 18.2) was adopted, and study the parameters which effected on the damping behavior of inerter structure proposed that is (stiffness, coefficient of friction and mass of flywheel). Where it was found that when the stiffness of the springs increased gradually from (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) Kn/mm the amplitude reduced from (25.791, 17.194, 12.896, 8.5974 to 6.4482) mm respectively for each stiffness reading, also the mass of inerter when increased gradually (200,400,600,800 and 1000) g with a constant coefficient of friction and constant stiffness 0.4, 0.6 Kn/mm respectively, the amplitude decrease from 6.3525 to 4.036290. Finally, to study the effect inerter mass on the structures, the mass of inerter increased from (200,400,600,800 to 1000) g gradually to the constant cantilever mass structure equal to 130g. The ratio of the inerter mass to the threshold mass is approximately 1.5 to 7.5 As results obtained from the previous study, the amplitude obtained for each mass (1.0778, 1.069, 1.0509, 0.9514 to 0.872) respectively

Rola przestrzeni przedstawionej w powieści nowelowej

This article focuses on outlining the function of the presented space in the novella novel as an element constituting its coherence. The term “novella novel” (adopted from Krystyna Jakowska and defined by Elke D’hoker) refers to literary works that are generically situated between a coherently composed collection of short stories and a loose novelistic structure. The following works will serve as the material for the analysis: Arlington Park by Rachel Cusk, Hotel World by Ali Smith and Girls and Women by Alice Munro. These pieces are structured and classified differently. The former two are referred to as novels, while the latter one is called by some critics a novel or a hybrid text that can be perceived as a novel. Ultimately, although sometimes used as an element that maintains coherence, the presented space is always meticulously crafted, and it does not appear as quasi-real or geographically located. It is always valorised, metaphorized and ambiguous. Thus, such a common setting is not a “transparent” or “mechanical” element that unifies these stories, but rather one of the many aspects of the process that constitutes coherence of novels constructed in such a way, which remains open to interpretation.

Investigation of Static, Modal and Harmonic vibration analyses of Single Row SKF6205 Deep Groove Ball Bearing for thermal applications

It is the necessary to predict the endurance capability of the mechanical element with its increased application and complexity. The present research work estimates the stress variation and displacement characteristics using finite element analyses of Single Row SKF6205 Deep Groove Ball Bearing under radial and axial loadings. The vibration analyses are evaluated in three aspects; static, modal, and harmonic analysis. The simulations show the variation of stress levels of the bearing in different loads. These results are used to predict the fatigue life, wear rate, and productivity of the ball bearing at various stochastic conditions.

Simulation of the cooling process between 16 and 19 fin liners of a sedan automobile

In this paper a finite element analysis is carried out on the mechanical element called the piston liner; The main objective of the analysis is to know the advantages of increasing the number of fins in said mechanical element. For the piston to have greater durability and to function optimally, it is necessary to make certain adjustments to the cooling system, hence the fact of making modifications or improvements within the piston liner. Models of the piston liner were made, which were considered the most suitable to be subjected to simulations. Various simulations were carried out, which helped to conclude that the more fins there are, the better the piston performance. Basically, an analysis was made between the 16-fin liner and another analysis with the 19-fin liner, the results were as expected, the 19-fin liner gives us a more favorable cooling time for the piston

Active Cloth Fabricated by a Flat String Machine and its Application to a Safe Wheelchair System

In this study, a pneumatically contracting active cloth has been developed; its application is proposed for a safe sitting-posture recovery system for wheelchair users to avoid fall-related accidents. The active cloth consists of thin artificial muscles knitted via a flat string machine. The safe wheelchair system is configured with an active cloth and seating pressure sensor. The seating pressure sensor, located on the seating surface of the wheelchair, estimates the inclination of the upper body of the user; when this reaches an angle that is dangerous for falling from the wheelchair, the active cloth contracts to correct the posture of the upper body. In this paper, we clarify the fabrication process and fundamental characteristics of the active cloth and indicate its potential as a mechanical element for welfare apparatuses by demonstrating a safe wheelchair system.

Fatigue-Life Prediction of Mechanical Element by Using the Weibull Distribution

Applying Goodman, Gerber, Soderberg and Elliptical failure theories does not make it possible to determine the span of failure times (cycles to failure-Ni) of a mechanical element, and so in this paper a fatigue-life/Weibull method to predict the span of the Ni values is formulated. The input’s method are: (1) the equivalent stress (σeq) value given by the used failure theory; (2) the expected Neq value determined by the Basquin equation; and (3) the Weibull shape β and scale η parameters that are fitted directly from the applied principal stress σ1 and σ2 values. The efficiency of the proposed method is based on the following facts: (1) the β and η parameters completely reproduce the applied σ1 and σ2 values. (2) The method allows us to determine the reliability index R(t), that corresponds to any applied σ1i value or observed Ni value. (3) The method can be applied to any mechanical element’s analysis where the corresponding σ1 and σ2, σeq and Neq values are known. In the performed application, the σ1 and σ2 values were determined by finite element analysis (FEA) and from the static stress analysis. Results of both approaches are compared. The steps to determine the expected Ni values by using the Weibull distribution are given.