Monetary Power Reconsidered: The Struggle between the Bundesbank and the Fed over Monetary Leadership

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Krampf
Keyword(s):  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
World Order ◽  
Institutional Power ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The Us ◽  
Macroeconomic Coordination ◽  
Monetary Order ◽  
Reserve System ◽  
Cross National

Abstract This article reexamines the theory of monetary power to explain the role of the Bundesbank (and Germany) in the emergence of the rules-based low-inflation regime in the late1980s and early 1990s. Our theory of monetary power draws on the notion of institutional power and the concept of monetary leadership, understood as the capacity to attract foreign investment, and thereby explains how domestic institutional features and contingent historical events affect countries’ external monetary power. This theory is employed to trace how the Bundesbank go-it-alone strategy in 1989 triggered a cross-national sequence of events that changed the international monetary order in a way that was consistent with the German interests. The transition was marked by a shift from the US-led pragmatist approach of international macroeconomic coordination to a rules-based approach founded on the principle of low-inflation–targeting. The article argues that this change took place despite the opposition of the Federal Reserve System (Fed) and the US Treasury. The article contributes to the literature on the decline of US hegemonic power as well as the literature on the mechanism of institutional change at the international level. It also sheds new light on current debates about the putative decline of the rules-based world order.

Between ideal and reality

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungae Yoo ◽  
Hye Jeong Kim ◽  
So Young Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
College Instructors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Learner Interaction ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cross National

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine similar and/or different perspectives on, and practices of online-learning interaction as projected by the participating educators who are from either Korea or the USA. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, the authors analyzed how college instructors from two countries, Korea and the USA, consider the role of online-learning interaction in their students' learning by interviewing nine instructors from both countries. The authors examined the educators' responses using constructivism and Confucianism as the frame of reference. Findings – The analysis showed that the US instructors tend to focus on learner-to-learner interaction, whereas Korean instructors emphasized teacher-to-learner interaction. Korean instructors perceived a gap between ideal and reality in integrating interaction as a part of online activities in the course. Originality/value – This study focuses on a cross-national comparison of online-learning interaction between Korea and the USA. Thus, it will provide practical ideas for global or multicultural user experiences on online-learning courses.

scholarly journals “Staff Reserve” of De-Escalation: M. Rojansky on American-Russian Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-505
Author(s):  
Yury G. Golub ◽  
◽  
Sergei Y. Shenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Security Council ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Us

The article is devoted to the analysis of the political, scientific and practical activities of the director of the Kennan Institute, Matthew Rojanski. In the context of the statements of the Biden administration on the need to de-escalate US-Russian relations and taking into account the attempt to appoint Rozhansky to the post of Russia Director on the US National Security Council, the evolution of his worldview, the system of views on the modern world order, the role of Russia in the contemporary world and nature of relations between Washington and Moscow are considered. It is concluded that Rojanski’s foreign policy views are close to the liberal-universalist ideology of the progressive grouping in the Democratic Party.

scholarly journals “It Would Be Better If You Can Hang Out With Different People”: An Examination of Cross-National Interaction in Postsecondary Classrooms

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Johnstone ◽  
Diana Yefanova ◽  
Gayle Woodruff ◽  
Mary Lynn Montgomery ◽  
Barbara J. Kappler
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Real World ◽  
Domestic Students ◽  
Student Interactions ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
The Us ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Cross National

This study examines the motivations and experiences of international and domestic students on three U.S. campuses related to cross-national interactions within classroom settings. The study also examines the role of instructors in facilitating such interactions through individual and group interviews. Findings indicate that domestic students appreciate the global perspectives of international students related to course content. International students, in turn, appreciate the “real world” perspectives that domestic students provide about the US (but do not necessarily find value in their content-related comments). The implications of this study are that cross-national interactions have different meanings for different stakeholders (i.e., some perceive to benefit academically while others perceive to benefit culturally). The implications of this study relate to how instructors structure student interactions and what might be reasonable outcomes for students in international groups in postsecondary classrooms. 

Position of Russia in economic globalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1646-1670
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
World Order ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Stable Position ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
The Us ◽  
World Economic

Subject. The article considers the position of Russia in economic globalization. Objectives. I focus on determining the position of Russia in economic globalization. Methods. The study rests on the systems approach, using the methods of statistical, cluster, and neural network analysis. Results. A slowdown in globalization has caused changes in the existing world economic relations. Russia has taken an active position among developed countries, amid a decline in the role of Chinese exports in the world. I revealed that in the context of the US trade war with China and the strengthening of protectionism, developing countries assumed the risks of loss of capital and recession. The position of Russia in economic globalization is connected with the place of BRICS in the new world order. The new conditions of globalization made it necessary for Russia to initiate the creation of new geopolitical communities, in addition to BRICS, which should include Denmark, Singapore and Slovenia. The findings form new competencies of State authorities for making managerial decisions to maintain a stable position and image of Russia in the process of economic globalization. Conclusions. To maintain a stable position and image of Russia in the context of economic globalization, the modern objective reality requires both Russia’s participation in and initiation of various geopolitical communities. The said participation will ensure that Russia’s certain position and image is maintained in the economic globalization.

scholarly journals Race, Gender, and Affirmative Action Attitudes in American and Canadian Universities

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-41
Author(s):  
Ivan Katchanovski ◽  
Neil Nevitte ◽  
Stanley Rothman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
North American ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cross National ◽  
American Academic ◽  
Academic Study

Direct comparisons of American and Canadian faculty and students’ views concerning issues of race, gender, and affirmative action in higher education are rare. The 1999 North American Academic Study Survey provides a unique opportunity to analyze the role of national and positional factors in faculty and student attitudes towards race, gender, and affirmative action in the US and Canada. The findings indicate that national factors are more important than positional factors on many racial and affirmative-action issues. Differences between students and faculty are more pronounced than are cross-national variations on many gender-related issues.

European competitiveness and sustainable development – A policy-oriented response to “Rethinking the role of the EU in enhancing European competitiveness”

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Aiginger
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
World Order ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

Purpose The world order is changing, with the lead of the US waning, along with its reduced commitment to rule-based multilateralism during the past administration. China is on the way to becoming number one again, investing abroad with primarily egoistic motives and steered by an authoritarian domestic regime. Meanwhile, the EU is striving for a new geopolitical role, while becoming more heterogenous. Design/methodology/approach The paper measures performance and competitiveness not only according to conventional criteria but also based on broader welfare indicators. The ultimate aim of competitiveness is to deliver well-being. Decentralized local strategies are presented, but also the need for guidance by societal goals. Findings What we measure matters. The EU is underperforming in per capita GDP and failing to close the gap in labour productivity towards the frontier defined by the USA. But it is leading in environmental and social indicators, has an accessible health system and provides increasing longevity. This performance nevertheless has to be improved, if climate goals should be fulfilled and upcoming new inequalities addressed. Originality/value Localization and place-based strategies have advantages, but also harper the danger that negative spillovers may not be minimized and positive not used. Innovation is a search process but has to be directed by goals in Europe and globally. Otherwise, change incurs high costs and many losers, fostering nationalism and populistic calls to return to a past glory that never existed.

scholarly journals Comparative experimental evidence on compliance with social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Becher ◽  
Daniel Stegmueller ◽  
Sylvain Brouard ◽  
Eric Kerrouche
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Central Public Health ◽  
The Us ◽  
List Experiment ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity ◽  
Cross National

Social distancing is a central public health measure in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, but individuals' compliance cannot be taken for granted. We use a survey experiment to examine the prevalence of non-compliance with social distancing in nine countries and test pre-registered hypotheses about individual-level characteristics associated with less social distancing. Leveraging a list experiment to control for social desirability bias, we find large cross-national variation in adherence to social distancing guidelines. Compliance varies systematically with COVID-19 fatalities and the strictness of lockdown measures. We also find substantial heterogeneity in the role of individual-level predictors. While there is an ideological gap in social distancing in the US and New Zealand, this is not the case in European countries. Taken together, our results suggest caution when trying to model pandemic health policies on other countries' experiences. Behavioral interventions targeted towards specific demographics that work in one context might fail in another.

At the final stage of the global crisis: Economic tasksin 2017-2019

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
National Trends

The paper deals with the global and national trends of economic and social development at the final stage of the global structural crisis. Special attention is paid to intellectual challenges economists will face with in the post-crisis world: prospects of growth without inflation, new global currencies and the role of cryptocurrencies, central banks independence and their role in economic growth stimulation, new tasks and patterns of government regulation, inequality and growth. Special features of Russian post-crisis development are also under consideration. Among them: prospects of macroeconomic support of growth, inflation targeting, new fiscal rule, social dynamics and new challenges to welfare state. The paper concludes that the main obstacles for economic growth in Russia are concentrated in the non-economic area.

After Victory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. John Ikenberry
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
World Order ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Cold War

The end of the Cold War was a “big bang” reminiscent of earlier moments after major wars, such as the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and the end of the world wars in 1919 and 1945. But what do states that win wars do with their newfound power, and how do they use it to build order? This book examines postwar settlements in modern history, arguing that powerful countries do seek to build stable and cooperative relations, but the type of order that emerges hinges on their ability to make commitments and restrain power. The book explains that only with the spread of democracy in the twentieth century and the innovative use of international institutions—both linked to the emergence of the United States as a world power—has order been created that goes beyond balance of power politics to exhibit “constitutional” characteristics. Blending comparative politics with international relations, and history with theory, the book will be of interest to anyone concerned with the organization of world order, the role of institutions in world politics, and the lessons of past postwar settlements for today.

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