scholarly journals Embodied Interaction and Spatial Skills: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Lee-Cultura ◽  
Michail Giannakos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Embodied Interaction ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Embodied interaction describes the interplay between the brain and the body and its influence on the sharing, creation and manipulation of meaningful interactions with technology. Spatial skills entail the acquisition, organization, utilization and revision of knowledge about spatial environments. Embodied interaction is a rapidly growing topic in human–computer interaction with the potential to amplify human interaction and communication capacities, while spatial skills are regarded as key enablers for the successful management of cognitive tasks. This work provides a systematic review of empirical studies focused on embodied interaction and spatial skills. Thirty-six peer-reviewed articles were systematically collected and analysed according to their main elements. The results summarize and distil the developments concerning embodied interaction and spatial skills over the past decade. We identify embodied interaction capacities found in the literature review that help us to enhance and develop spatial skills. Lastly, we discuss implications for research and practice and highlight directions for future work.

Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone: Chemistry and Recent Developments

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Garner ◽  
Paul A. Keller ◽  
Adam McCluskey
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Past ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fight Or Flight Response ◽  
The Brain

Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone [CRH; also known as Corticotrophin Releasing Factor (CRF)], a 41-amino-acid hormone, is one of the body’ major modulators of the stress response. CRH coordinates the endocrine, autonomic, and behavioural responses to stress through actions in both the brain and the periphery activating the ‘fight or flight’ response. CRH is also implicated in various neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and anorexia nervosa, and it has been described as a biological clock controlling the length of gestation in humans and other higher-order primates. In the past decade there has been an enormous effort expended in the design and development of new therapeutic agents targetting CRHs in the central nervous and peripheral systems. In this review, we examine the chemistry and recent developments in this exciting field.

scholarly journals Cognitive linguistics and metaphor research: past successes, skeptical questions, future challenges

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Way

An important reason for the tremendous interest in metaphor over the past 20 years stems from cognitive linguistic research. Cognitive linguists embrace the idea that metaphor is not merely a part of language, but reflects a fundamental part of the way people think, reason, and imagine. A large number of empirical studies in cognitive linguistics have, in different ways, supported this claim. My aim in this paper is to describe the empirical foundations for cognitive linguistic work on metaphor, acknowledge various skeptical reactions to this work, and respond to some of these questions/criticisms. I also outline several challenges that cognitive linguists should try to address in future work on metaphor in language, thought, and culture.

Systematic review of research on educational leadership and management in Latin America, 1991–2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Aravena Castillo ◽  
Philip Hallinger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Educational Leadership ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Geographic Coverage

The purpose of this systematic review was to further our understanding of educational leadership and management (EDLM) knowledge production in Latin America. We conducted a “topographical review” of 48 articles from Latin America published in eight “core” EDLM journals published between 1991 and 2017. Data analysis focused on analyzing identified modal trends as well as highlighting variability in patterns of knowledge production. Notably, 75% of the studies had been published in the past 10 years, and 56% in the past five years. Geographic coverage was highly uneven across Latin America. While there were 19 articles from Chile, numerous Latin American societies were unrepresented in the database. Almost 80% of the corpus consisted of empirical studies and topical foci were highly diverse. Comparison of these results with findings reported in recent reviews of EDLM research from other developing societies yielded recommendations for enhancing research capacity and output in Latin America. A key limitation of the review was its exclusion of local language sources. This led to the further recommendation for Latin American scholars to undertake broader multi-language reviews of the EDLM knowledge base in Latin America.

scholarly journals A Survey in Implementation and Applications of Electroencephalograph (EEG)-Based Brain-Computer Interface

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1117-1132
Author(s):  
Samaa S. Abdulwahab ◽  
Hussain K. Khleaf ◽  
Manal H. Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Translation Systems ◽  
The Brain

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is an external system that controls activities and processes in the physical world based on brain signals. In Passive BCI, artificial signals are automatically generated by a computer program without any input from nerves in the body. This is useful for individuals with mobility issues. Traditional BCI has been dependent only on recording brain signals with Electroencephalograph (EEG) and has used a rule-based translation algorithm to generate control commands. These systems have developed very accurate translation systems. This paper is about the different methods for adapting the signals from the brain. It has been mentioned that various kinds of surveys in the past to serve the purpose of the present research. This paper shows a simple and easy analysis of each technique and its respective benefits and drawbacks, including signal acquisition, signal pre-processing, feature classification and classification. Finally,  discussed is the application of EEG-based BCI.

Rheological Properties of Anisotropic Tissues at Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Tan ◽  
Shaokoon Cheng ◽  
Lynne E. Bilston
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Soft Biological Tissues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Crash Testing ◽  
Car Crash ◽  
The Brain

The mechanical properties of soft biological tissues have been widely investigated over the past five decades [1–5]. Reported measurements of soft biological tissues such as the brain, spinal cord, liver and muscle vary by orders of magnitude, depending on the sample preparation, anisotropy and loading regime. Knowing the accurate mechanical properties of biological tissues is important for many applications, for example car crash testing and simulations require accurate information on how different parts of the body deform due to a combination of loads. Deformation of tissues around prosthetics and artificial limbs are critical in understanding load transfer at interfaces with the body. The recent use of Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) in diagnostic imaging has resulted in a surge of interest in accurate measurements of mechanical properties of tissues [6].

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the hydrotherapy in children with chronic encephalopathy no progressive of the childhood: a systematic review

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karoline de Carvalho Jacques ◽  
Nayana Rocha Drumond ◽  
Silmara Aparecida Figueiredo Andrade ◽  
Israel Penaforte Chaves Júnior ◽  
Walesca Carla de Toffol
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Body Activity ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

INTRODUCTION: Now Cerebral Palsy is considered like Chronic Encephalopathy no Progressive of the Childhood and defined as any disorder characterized by alteration in the structure and function of the body, activity and participation due to a lesion no progressive of the brain in development. Several techniques physiotherapy exist for individuals rehabilitation with that pathology, however, no technique stands out as more effective in the literature. The use of the approach hydrotherapy becomes viable in several aspects structural, functional and social in the rehabilitation process. OBJETIVE: It is done necessary to evaluate, through the selection and discerning analysis of article, the evidences of the effectiveness of the hydrotherapy in children and/or adolescents with Chronic Encephalopathy no Progressive of the childhood with inferior age to 17 years. METHODS: Research was accomplished at the Virtual Library in Health in the bases of bibliographical data of LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, Cochrane Library and search active in national and international newspapers. RESULTS: The databases located only two article of systematic review on the approached theme. Through these, it was possible to locate for search activates six scientific articles. These were analyzed in agreement with the inclusion criteria, and finally, only three articles composed the study, where the same ones were appraised as for the methodological quality. No article of the type randomized controlled trial was found, just an quasy- randomized one. CONCLUSION: It had limited evidence of the effects hydrotherapy in that population. Like this being, future studies of the type randomized controlled trial are made necessary for the clinical conduct and for scientific community.

scholarly journals The ACE2/Angiotensin-(1–7)/MAS Axis of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Focus on Angiotensin-(1–7)

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 505-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson Augusto Souza Santos ◽  
Walkyria Oliveira Sampaio ◽  
Andreia C. Alzamora ◽  
Daisy Motta-Santos ◽  
Natalia Alenina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Brain ◽  
System Focus

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key player in the control of the cardiovascular system and hydroelectrolyte balance, with an influence on organs and functions throughout the body. The classical view of this system saw it as a sequence of many enzymatic steps that culminate in the production of a single biologically active metabolite, the octapeptide angiotensin (ANG) II, by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The past two decades have revealed new functions for some of the intermediate products, beyond their roles as substrates along the classical route. They may be processed in alternative ways by enzymes such as the ACE homolog ACE2. One effect is to establish a second axis through ACE2/ANG-(1–7)/MAS, whose end point is the metabolite ANG-(1–7). ACE2 and other enzymes can form ANG-(1–7) directly or indirectly from either the decapeptide ANG I or from ANG II. In many cases, this second axis appears to counteract or modulate the effects of the classical axis. ANG-(1–7) itself acts on the receptor MAS to influence a range of mechanisms in the heart, kidney, brain, and other tissues. This review highlights the current knowledge about the roles of ANG-(1–7) in physiology and disease, with particular emphasis on the brain.

scholarly journals Brain More Resistant to Energy Restriction Than Body: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Sprengell ◽  
Britta Kubera ◽  
Achim Peters
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
Decision Algorithm ◽  
Brain Theory ◽  
The Brain

The gluco-lipostatic theory and its modern variants assume that blood glucose and energy stores are controlled in closed-loop feedback processes. The Selfish Brain theory is based on the same assumptions, but additionally postulates that the brain, as an independent energy compartment, self-regulates its energy concentration with the highest priority. In some clinical situations these two theories make opposite predictions. To investigate one of these situations, namely caloric restriction, we formulated a hypothesis which, if confirmed, would match the predictions of the Selfish Brain theory—but not those of the gluco-lipostatic theory. Hypothesis: Calorie restriction causes minor mass (energy) changes in the brain as opposed to major changes in the body. We conducted a systematic review of caloric-restriction studies to test whether or not the evaluated studies confirmed this hypothesis. We identified 3,157 records, screened 2,804 works by title or abstract, and analyzed 232 by full text. According to strict selection criteria (set out in our PROSPERO preregistration, complying with PRISMA guidelines, and the pre-defined hypothesis-decision algorithm), 8 papers provided enough information to decide on the hypothesis: In animals, high-energy phosphates were measured by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance, and organ and total body weights were measured by scales, while in humans organ sizes were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. All 8 decidable papers confirmed the hypothesis, none spoke against it. The evidence presented here clearly shows that the most accurate predictions are possible with a theory that regards the brain as independently self-regulating and as occupying a primary position in a hierarchically organized energy metabolism.

Competitive Precinct Projects: The Five Consistent Criticisms of “Global” Mixed-Use Megaprojects

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Harris
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Global Consistency ◽  
Significant Barrier

Mixed-use megaprojects on state-owned land have been increasingly occurring around the world over the past few decades. This article reviews the body of literature that has emerged on these projects during this period and investigates a number of projects more deeply by reviewing original planning documents and undertaking interviews with government officials, consultants, and other insiders. Project motives, delivery methods, and built outcomes have been examined in order to contextualize their emergence and proliferation, leading to a typological understanding, defined in this article as competitive precinct projects. A content analysis of 30 reviews covering 42 mixed-use megaprojects in 20 countries reveals remarkable global consistency in thematic criticisms. Framed in this article as the “five consistent criticisms of ‘global’ mixed-use megaprojects,” they pose a significant barrier to addressing increasingly complex urban challenges as well as to their successful management from inception to delivery. While the consistent criticisms represent patterns that have endured within a globally active urban development type for over three decades, this research shows that rather than being a neoliberal hegemony, there are mixed political and ideological aims and outcomes across projects and sometimes within the same project. A typological understanding allows patterns to be examined and understood, variances and hybridity to be evaluated, and more sophisticated future directions to be mapped out in the pursuit of broader based and city-scale project outcomes.

scholarly journals Cullen, a Cautionary Tale

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Dyde
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Big Ideas ◽  
History Of ◽  
William Cullen ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Silver Bullet

AbstractSome ideas return after the briefest of exiles: reductionism is back in vogue. Existential questions – about who we are, about our origins and future, about what is valuable – no longer require difficult soul searching, especially when straightforward answers are expected from the neurosciences. History is being rewritten with the brain as its centrepiece; the search for great men and big ideas of the past begins again. William Cullen (1710–90), whose work on neurosis was once part of the history of psychoanalysis, is now well placed to become part of such a neuro-history. This article attempts to subvert this process, by rebuilding the original meaning of neurosis through Cullen’s physiological and medical works, in comparison with his predecessor, Robert Whytt (1714–66), and illustrating this meaning using one particular neurosis: hypochondriasis. The result is a more complicated version of neurosis which, importantly, carries significant insights into the nature and practice of medicine. Moreover, this article examines how Cullen’s standing fell in the 1820s as British physicians and surgeons turned to an idea which promised to reform medicine: pathological anatomy. When these hopes faded, Cullen became a figure obsessed with the nerves. This image has survived to the present, a blank canvas onto which any theory can be projected. It also values precisely what Cullen warned against: simplistic explanations of the body and disease, and unthinking confidence in the next big idea or silver bullet. Neurosis was not simply a nervous ailment, but it is a warning against reductionism in history making.

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