Evangelical Encounters: The American Tract Society and the Rituals of Print Distribution in Antebellum America

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Hazard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Affect Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ritual Studies ◽  
Antebellum America ◽  
Poor Whites ◽  
Sacred Objects ◽  
Media Distribution

Abstract The American Tract Society, an evangelical publisher, built one of the largest media distribution systems in antebellum America. Called “colportage” from 1841, the system mobilized hundreds of “colporteurs” who delivered tracts and books to people, mostly poor whites, in their homes across the United States. This article draws on ritual studies and affect theory to argue that colportage encounters were affectively charged rituals in which colporteurs staged a disposition of spaces, bodies, speech acts, and tempos to transmit affect, shape the subjectivity of readers, and consecrate books and tracts as sacred objects. An up-close examination of these encounters puts pressure on ideas of religious print as a democratizing medium, demonstrating that the reception of evangelical texts was conditioned by the forceful processes through which they were delivered into the hands of readers.

Buddhism in the West (North America and Europe)

Buddhism ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Mitchell ◽  
Thomas Calobrisi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ritual Studies ◽  
The West ◽  
Area Studies ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Subject

The study of Buddhism in the West is built on the pioneering work of a handful of scholars in the mid-1970s. These individuals were bold enough to take the subject seriously within a reluctant academic discipline. Charles Prebish’s American Buddhism (1979) set the standard and many terms of debate for the decades to come. The field has grown considerably, despite a perceived lack of methodological sophistication (see Numrich 2008, cited under General Overviews). Scholars in this area generally approach the subject from one of three directions: area studies (Buddhism in the United States, Buddhism in France, etc.), something of a reverse area studies (e.g., Japanese Buddhism in the United States, Theravada in Britain), or topical studies (e.g., ritual studies, immigration and ethnicity, Buddhism and psychology). The most wide-reaching debates in the field generally revolve around questions of identification or classification and can manifest themselves in a variety of ways. For example, some question what “the West” is meant to signify, placing their research squarely in the context of postcolonial studies, transnational studies, or the construction of Buddhist modernism (McMahan 2002, cited under Ch’an, Zen, Sŏn). Others, such as Tweed 2002 (cited under Matters of Identity), recognize the difficulty of defining what constitutes a Western Buddhist when Buddhist culture has so thoroughly permeated the broader cultural milieu. Serving as a backdrop to these issues has been the wide-ranging and perennial debate regarding the “two Buddhisms” typology that, over the years since Prebish coined the phrase in 1979, has been considered, reconsidered, rearticulated, expanded to three Buddhisms, and renamed in a variety of ways. This article reflects these methodological approaches and topical debates, and it includes relevant sources from postcolonial studies, ritual studies, and engaged Buddhism. As mentioned, “the West” as an area of study is itself somewhat contested. Is the West limited to areas dominated by European culture? Do we extend this category to Australia and Oceania? For the sake of brevity, this article focuses on North America and Europe.

Memphis Light, Gas and Water Division Experience With Aging of Electric, Gas, and Water Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Charles Pickel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Long Life

Electric, gas and water distribution systems can have an extremely long life when properly designed, installed and maintained. MLGW is proof positive that aging distribution systems can be managed in an effective manner. Customer satisfaction is a high priority with Division management. According to a recent survey, Memphians enjoy the lowest average monthly utility bills among the 25 largest cities in the United States.

Toasting and the diffusion of radical ideas, 1780–1832

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Duthille
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Social Values ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
Radical Ideas

The 1780s saw the institutionalisation of radical dinners and the regular publication of toast lists in the press. Drawing upon archival evidence, in particular the minute books of the Society for Constitutional Information, Rémy Duthille analyses toasts as speech acts and as rituals of interaction, for toasting performed an integrative function in radical societies, fostering solidarity and mobilisation. He identifies the nature of these toasts, which were often used as rituals of remembrance that helped to build a sense of historical continuity with seventeenth-century England. Duthille uses examples of toast lists given in the contemporary press, including toasts drunk in France and in the United States. He analyses the linguistic structure of toasts and investigates the social values associated with toasts, in terms of what was regarded as acceptable or unacceptable social behaviour.

Cases Without Controversies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Pfander
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Judicial Power ◽  
Habeas Corpus ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Antebellum America ◽  
Article Iii Courts ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

Cases Without Controversies: Uncontested Adjudication in Article III Courts offers a new account of the power of federal courts in the United States to hear and determine uncontested applications to assert or register a claim of right. Familiar to lawyers in civil law countries as forms of voluntary or non-contentious jurisdiction, these uncontested applications fit uneasily with the commitment to adversary legalism in the United States. Indeed, modern accounts of federal judicial power often urge that the language of Article III of the U.S. Constitution limits federal courts to the adjudication of concrete disputes between adverse parties and rules out all forms of non-contentious jurisdiction. Said to rest on the so-called “case-or-controversy” requirement of Article III, this requirement of party contestation threatens the power of federal courts to conduct a range of familiar proceedings, such as the oversight of bankruptcy proceedings, the issuance of warrants, and the adjudication of applications for mandamus and habeas corpus relief. By recounting the tradition of naturalization and other uncontested litigation in antebellum America and coupling that tradition with an account of the important difference between cases and controversies, this book challenges the prevailing understanding of Article III. In addition to defending the power of federal courts to hear uncontested matters of federal law, this book examines the way the Constitution’s meaning has changed over time and suggests an interpretive methodology that would allow the U.S. Supreme Court to take account of the old and the new in defining the contours of federal judicial power.

scholarly journals Ecological Analyses of Mycobacteria in Showerhead Biofilms and Their Relevance to Human Health

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Gebert ◽  
Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo ◽  
Angela M. Oliverio ◽  
Tara M. Webster ◽  
Lauren M. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Household Location ◽  
Lung Infections

ABSTRACTBacteria within the genusMycobacteriumcan be abundant in showerheads, and the inhalation of aerosolized mycobacteria while showering has been implicated as a mode of transmission in nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung infections. Despite their importance, the diversity, distributions, and environmental predictors of showerhead-associated mycobacteria remain largely unresolved. To address these knowledge gaps, we worked with citizen scientists to collect showerhead biofilm samples and associated water chemistry data from 656 households located across the United States and Europe. Our cultivation-independent analyses revealed that the genusMycobacteriumwas consistently the most abundant genus of bacteria detected in residential showerheads, and yet mycobacterial diversity and abundances were highly variable. Mycobacteria were far more abundant, on average, in showerheads receiving municipal water than in those receiving well water and in U.S. households than in European households, patterns that are likely driven by differences in the use of chlorine disinfectants. Moreover, we found that water source, water chemistry, and household location also influenced the prevalence of specific mycobacterial lineages detected in showerheads. We identified geographic regions within the United States where showerheads have particularly high abundances of potentially pathogenic lineages of mycobacteria, and these “hot spots” generally overlapped those regions where NTM lung disease is most prevalent. Together, these results emphasize the public health relevance of mycobacteria in showerhead biofilms. They further demonstrate that mycobacterial distributions in showerhead biofilms are often predictable from household location and water chemistry, knowledge that advances our understanding of NTM transmission dynamics and the development of strategies to reduce exposures to these emerging pathogens.IMPORTANCEBacteria thrive in showerheads and throughout household water distribution systems. While most of these bacteria are innocuous, some are potential pathogens, including members of the genusMycobacteriumthat can cause nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung infection, an increasing threat to public health. We found that showerheads in households across the United States and Europe often harbor abundant mycobacterial communities that vary in composition depending on geographic location, water chemistry, and water source, with households receiving water treated with chlorine disinfectants having particularly high abundances of certain mycobacteria. The regions in the United States where NTM lung infections are most common were the same regions where pathogenic mycobacteria were most prevalent in showerheads, highlighting the important role of showerheads in the transmission of NTM infections.

scholarly journals Le Mulâtre: A Call to Connection through Narrative Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1,2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Longard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
American Writer ◽  
History Of

The short story Le Mulâtre (1837) recounts the tragic history of a slave during Haiti’s turbulent 1790s. The first published work of Victor Séjour, it is the first known work of fiction by an African-American writer. At first glance a typical melodramatic tale of brigands, betrayal and revenge, the work is anything but typical in its stark depiction of Caribbean slavery and in its sophisticated use of narration and voice. Written when slavery was still being practiced by both France and the United States, this overt yet sensitive critique is a triumph of the narrative art.This article highlights a modern Structuralist analysis of narration. Séjour not only moves subtly through levels of narration but also through shifts of point of view within discourse and even within speech acts which form an almost unconscious commentary on the action. Moreover, the apparently standard tragic trope is undermined by a complex weaving of life histories in which the triumph of humanity overturns the notion of tragic loss. Thus a story of oppression and inevitability is structured within a voice of commentary, insight, and agency: Séjour succeeds in connecting the humanity on both sides of an inhuman war and in underscoring what is at stake for both master and slave in the continued exploitation of human being by human being.

Torah and Taboo: Containing Jewish Relics and Jewish Identity at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

Numen ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 505-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Baruch Stier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Holocaust Memorial ◽  
Memorial Museum ◽  
Sacred Objects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Holocaust Memorial Museum

AbstractIs museum space religious space? Do strategies of display, i.e., the ways certain objects such as human remains and ritual items are presented and/or experienced, make them into sacred objects? Who or what determines whether or not a particular object may be appropriately displayed in a museum context? In focusing on the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) and on a series of staged encounters there with spaces, objects, and other people, this article considers the possibility that the USHMM serves as a contemporary Jewish reliquary as well as the implications of such a notion, especially in relation to the performance of different types of Jewish identity at the museum. Using archival sources, it examines the debates over the treatment and display of selected artifacts and how those decisions impact the Museum's Jewish character.

scholarly journals Political Leaders’ Discourses and Securitization of Migration: A Comparison of Turkey and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Selin Kabacaoğlu ◽  
Fulya Memişoğlu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Political Discourses

With the growing importance of human mobility in the global agenda since the early 1990s, international migration has increasingly evolved into a securitized phenomenon. This has also made international migrantsa prominent target group of security speech acts. The main objective of this study is to explore migration-security nexus in the context of political discourses. The paper brings a comparative perspective to the role of political leader discourses in the securitization of migration by examining the cases of the United States (USA), hosting the largest number of international migrants, and Turkey, the world’s top refugee hosting country. Through the analytical lens of critical discourse analysis (CDA) and securitization theory, the study unpacks the rhetoric used by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and American President Donald John Trump towards migrants/ asylum seekers. As the key findings demonstrate, the way the two leaders reflect the migration-security relationship to their speech acts significantly varies. President Trump associates migrants with security issues in multiple ways including social, political and economic spheres, while President Erdoğan’s discourse links migrants with security issues inthe economic realm, but his general discourse reflects a desecuritization approach. In both countries, it is observed that the discourses of political leaders concerning migrants and asylum seekers exert influence on public opinion.

scholarly journals EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS ON NETIZENS’ COMMENTS IN JOE BIDEN’S INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT

CALL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mega Bunga Indriyana ◽  
Yuyun Nurulaen ◽  
Erlan Aditya Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Know How

United States presidential election 2020 is the most awaited event for the citizens of the United States. People usually want to get to know how good the presidential candidates are by searching for information about the presidential candidates. Checking the presidential candidates’ social media is one way to find outtheirprofiles.Joe Biden as one of the presidential candidates uses the growing popularity of Instagram to gain public attention by posting some of his responses to current issues and promoting himself as the next President of the United States. It made Joe Biden’s Instagram account is filled with netizens’ comments. This research aims to identify the expressive speech acts that appear in Joe Biden's comments published on September 13, 2020, to January 20, 2021, and to describe the reasons for their use of these expressive speech acts. The instrument of this research is a document.  The data were collected by browsing the comments on Joe Biden’s Instagram post, then the data were selected, and identified the expressive speech acts used by netizens, then the research showed the findings of the research by presenting data and analysis. There are 26 data contained an expressive speech act, in which 10 data as expressive of thanking, 3data as expressive of congratulating, 5 data as expressive of wishing, 8 data as expressive of attitude. The expressive speech act of thanking is the most dominant type of expressive speech act found on the netizens’ comments of Joe Biden Instagram post. In conclusion, netizens’ comments contained the expressive speech act of thanking since netizens appreciated the good things that Joe Biden had planned when he ran for President of the United States. Joe Biden frequently posts his thoughts on various issues and promises a good solution in the future. Netizens expressed their gratitude for Joe Biden because they felt they had found a leader who cared about society.

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