scholarly journals Public attitudes toward an authorization for contact program for clinical research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyiramugisha K Niyibizi ◽  
Candace D Speight ◽  
Charlie Gregor ◽  
Yi-An Ko ◽  
Stephanie A Kraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Electronic Record ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Interest In Research ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Experimental Survey

Abstract We conducted an online experimental survey to evaluate attitudes toward an authorization for contact (AFC) program allowing researchers to contact patients about studies based on electronic record review. A total of 1070 participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 flyers varying in design and framing. Participants were asked to select concerns about and reasons for signing up for AFC. Logistic regression and latent class analysis were conducted. The most commonly selected concerns included needing more information (43%), privacy (40%), and needing more time to think (28%). A minority were not interested in participating in research (16%) and did not want to be bothered (15%). Latent class analysis identified clusters with specific concerns about privacy, lack of interest in research, and not wanting to be bothered. A novel flyer with simple and positive framing was associated with lower odds of both not wanting to be bothered (P = .01) and not being interested in research (P = .01). Many concerns about AFC programs appear nonspecific. Addressing privacy, lack of interest in research, and not wanting to be bothered warrant further study as ways to enhance recruitment.

scholarly journals Patterns of overkill in sexual homicides

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Chopin ◽  
Eric Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sexual Homicide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Binomial Regression

Purpose This paper aims to explore the presence of overkill in sexual homicide. More specifically, the study examines whether overkill is a valid indicator of an organized or disorganized sexual homicide. Moreover, the study tests the presence of various patterns of sexual homicide involving overkill. Design/methodology/approach The sample used in this study consists of 662 cases of extrafamilial SHs with (n = 145) and without (n = 517) evidence of overkill, respectively. A binomial regression was used to compare at the multivariate level the two groups of crimes, while a latent class analysis was used to determine whether overkill could be associated with different patterns of sexual homicide. Findings Findings from bivariate and logistic regression analyses show that the presence of overkill may be associated with both organized and disorganized sexual homicides. Moreover, latent class analysis suggests that there are three distinct patterns of overkill in sexual homicide: impulsive, sadistic and personal. Originality/value This study is the first to empirically analyze overkill in sexual homicides and to propose a classification using crime-commission process characteristics.

scholarly journals The pattern of romantic and sexual related experiences among Chinese young adolescents: an exploration with multi-group latent class analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyan Yu ◽  
Chaohua Lou ◽  
Qiguo Lian ◽  
Xiaowen Tu ◽  
Jiashuai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Young Adolescents ◽  
General Group

Abstract Background Studies on very young adolescents’ romantic and sexual experiences would help inform the context in which early sex arises. However, such studies are scant in China due to sparse data and cultural issues. Method This study used the GEAS baseline data conducted among1776 adolescents in Shanghai. Multi-group latent class analysis was used to explore adolescents’ romantic and sexual experiences patterns and subgroups. Multi-nominal logistic regression was performed to identify the factors distinguishing different subgroups subsequently. Results There were gender differences in the lifetime prevalence for very young adolescents’ romantic and sexual-related behaviors. The Multi-group latent class analysis indicated that the participants could be classified into three classes: general group, early romance group, and sex exploratory group. Multi-nominal logistic regression showed youth in the early romance group were more likely to had friends of both gender, ever had a romantic relationship, and had more autonomy in deciding where to go than the general group; while male respondents in the sex exploratory group were older, ever had a romantic relationship, believed that boys should be more sexually active and more proactive than girls, had more autonomy on deciding where to go, and perceived less school connection and neighborhood cohesion. Female respondents in the sex exploratory group were older and less empowered in decision-making than the general group. Conclusions The result provides a picture of romantic and sexual behavior patterns among both gender of very young adolescents in China. Current sex education needs not only to be culturally appropriate but also to address the harm of gender inequality and stereotypes, as well as to provide accessible and supportive services to help young adolescents personalize their received information and strengthen their skills in communication, decision making, and critical thinking.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Pandemic and Intergenerational Support: Results Based on the Health and Retirement Study COVID-19 Module

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 352-352
Author(s):  
Zhen Cong ◽  
Guanggang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
High Interaction ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract This study examined relationships between COVID-19 exposure and intergenerational support patterns. The data was from the 2020 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) COVID-19 Module (N=3266). The latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the types of intergenerational support based on respondents’ reports on whether they provided and received financial and instrumental support from either coresident children or non-coresident children. Two classes were identified, namely, the high interaction group and the low interaction group. Logistic regression showed that respondents who had COVID-19 and had increased spending as a result of COVID-19 were more likely to be in the high interaction group. Other types of COVID-19 exposure, i.e., knowing someone being diagnosed or knowing someone who died from COVID-19 were not significant.

State-Level Firearm Transfer Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
David G. Mueller ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Ronald Frandsen ◽  
Jennifer Karberg ◽  
Evan Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
State Level ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Better Than

The aim of the present study was to determine whether latent class analysis (LCA) could obtain a measure of the aggregate firearm transfer law environment. LCA, analysis of variance, and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze state-level firearm transfer laws. Results indicated that a three-class solution fit the data better than a two- or four-class solution. These classes were associated with the two covariates in patterns consistent with hypotheses. Results suggest that LCA is a useful technique for classifying states based on the restrictiveness of firearm transfer laws. This classification may be useful in intervention and prevention planning.

Experiences of Discrimination and Skin Color Among Women in Urban Brazil: A Latent Class Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 144-168
Author(s):  
Gisel Lorena Fattore ◽  
Leila D. Amorim ◽  
Letícia Marques dos Santos ◽  
Darci Neves dos Santos ◽  
Mauricio Lima Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Cutoff Points

Experiences of discrimination are an important aspect of women’s life in Brazil, especially Black women. The Experiences of Discrimination scale (EOD) is often used for assessing discrimination in epidemiological studies, although divergent cutoff points have been used to characterize the exposure. We used latent class analysis (LCA) and logistic regression to identify and characterize subgroups of women exposed to discrimination and compared with a cutoff-based assignment of subgroups. One thousand two-hundred and four women living in Salvador, Brazil, responded to the EOD. We selected models with two latent classes, highly and lowly exposed. The classes differed in self-reported skin color and education level, revealing that darker skinned (odds ratio [ OR] = 11.3, 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.54, 82.7]) and more educated ( OR = 2.09, 95% CI [1.17, 3.72]) women were more likely to be classified into the highly exposed class. Comparing with LCA, the use of cutoff points overestimated the reporting of discrimination. Researchers should consider the use of more accurate measures of discrimination in order to identify the most vulnerable individuals so that prevention efforts could be better targeted.

Does Gender Difference Exist in Typologies of Intergenerational Relations? Adult Son–Parent and Daughter–Parent Relations in Hong Kong

2022 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110669
Author(s):  
Chenhong Peng ◽  
Qijin Cheng ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Gender Difference ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Intergenerational Relations ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Elderly Parents

This study examines the typologies of adult son–parent and daughter–parent relations in Hong Kong, a place where East meets West. Data were drawn from a survey of 834 adult children (381 sons and 453 daughters) aged between 18 and 60 with at least one living parent. Latent class analysis identified four types of relations for both son-parent and daughter-parent relations: tight-knit, distant ascending ties, obligatory, and detached. Sons were more likely to engage in obligatory and tight-knit relations with parents, whereas daughters were more likely to engage in distant ascending ties relations. Multinomial logistic regression found that adult children who were young, single, or co-residing with their own child aged above 18 were more likely to have tight-knit relations with their elderly parents. Our findings suggest that although the male-dominated norm remains influential in Hong Kong, daughters are increasingly maintaining close interactions with their parents.

scholarly journals Associations between clusters of perceived social support level, depression, and suicidal ideation among transgender women: a latent class analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaew Tantirattanakulchai ◽  
Nuchanad Hounnaklang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression

Background: Suicide is recognized as a pivotal public health issue and has become a significant cause of death worldwide. Transgender persons are at greater risk of suicide than the general population. This study aims to identify suicidal ideation in transgender women according to clusters of depressive symptoms, and levels of perceived social support using latent class analysis (LCA), and identify associations between the identified classes and suicidal ideation.Design and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2019 and May 2019 using the snowball sampling method in a sample of 280 transgender women in Bangkok, Thailand. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and LCA was performed according to the level of perceived social support and depression. The questionnaire included the following: demographic information, measures of social support (MSPSS), depression (CES-D), and suicidal ideation (C-SSRS). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations between the identified classes and suicidal ideation.Results: The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that suicidal ideation was significantly associated with perceived moderate social support with depression (class 1; odds ratio [OR] 5.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.64–11.71; p < 0.001) and perceived low social support with depression (class 4; OR 4.55, 95% CI 1.67–12.42; p = 0.003) after adjusting for income sufficiency, chronic disease, and alcohol drinking.Conclusion: The findings indicate that less perceived social support and depression significantly increased suicidal ideation among transgender women. To tackle this issue efficiently, it is necessary for public health service providers, parties, and individuals concerned to collaborate and prioritize key agendas that support the social and psychological aspects of transgender women.

scholarly journals Social Capital and Chemsex Initiation in Young Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: the Pink Carpet Y Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayner Kay Jin Tan ◽  
Caitlin Alsandria O'Hara ◽  
Wee Ling Koh ◽  
Daniel Le ◽  
Avin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background: Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YMSM) are especially vulnerable to the risks associated with sexualized substance use, or ‘chemsex’. Engaging in chemsex established as a major risk factor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) acquisition, and is thus a public health issue of increasing urgency. This paper attempts to explore the association between measures of social capital and patterns of sexualized substance use among a sample of YMSM in Singapore.Methods: Results of this study were derived from baseline data of the Pink Carpet Y Cohort Study in Singapore, comprising a sample of 570 HIV-negative YMSM aged 18 to 25 years old. Latent class analysis was employed to identify classes with similar patterns of sexualized substance use, and multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine associations between class membership and measures of social capital. Logistic regression was employed to examine associations between measures of social capital and past sexualized substance use.Results: Latent class analysis revealed three classes of YMSM based on their histories of sexualized substance use, which we labelled as ‘substance-naïve’, ‘substance-novice’, and ‘chemsex’. Participants with a later age of sexual debut were increasingly less likely to be in the substance novice and chemsex classes, compared to the substance-naïve class; they were also less likely to report sexualized alcohol, poppers and methamphetamine use. Connectedness to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community was negatively associated with sexualized methamphetamine use, while outness to family was positively associated with sexualized methamphetamine and erectile dysfunction drug use.Conclusions: Varying measures of social capital such as an earlier age of exposure to sexual networks or family-related stress may predispose YMSM to greater opportunities for sexualized substance use, while on the other hand, community connectedness may be protective. Future interventions should target YMSM who become sexually active at an earlier age to reduce the risks associated with sexualized substance use.

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