Identification of Plant Material by Its Phenolic Content

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-734
Author(s):  
M Bonner Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Flavonol Glycosides ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorbance ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Absorbance Spectra

Abstract Methods have been developed to extract and chroniatograph phenolic constituents of Mains sylvestris and Pyrus communis fruits. Differences in the occurrence of flavonoid compounds between the two fruits and between pulp and peel in a given fruit were compared; the flavonol glycosides most conveniently demonstrated the differences. Five major and three minor flavonol glycosides from Stayman apples and two major and two minor ones from Packingham pears were separated by thin layer chromatograpliy. All of the major and some of the minor compounds were also described by ultraviolet absorbance spectra. Studies show that fruits can be distinguished on the basis of chromatographic patterns of the flavonol glycosides and that the results can be confirmed by their ultraviolet absorbance spectra

Investigation of Phenolic Content in Five Different Pine Barks Species Grown in Turkey by HPLC-UV and LC–MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Emin Şeker ◽  
Ali Çelik ◽  
Kenan Dost ◽  
Ayşegül Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Preparation Step ◽  
Very High

Abstract Investigation of phenolic content from different pine bark species grown in Turkey was performed using a reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (RP-HPLC-UV) method. All phenolic constituents were separated in <26 min on reversed-phase C18 column with gradient mobile phase that consists of orthophosphoric acid, methanol and acetonitrile. Detections were made on an UV detector at 280 nm and at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Samples were prepared according to Masqueller’s conventional sample preparation method with slight modifications. To avoid the reduction in extraction efficiency the sample preparation step was carried out under argon atmosphere. The linearity of the method was between 0.9994 and 0.9999. The detection limits for the five phenolic constituents ranged from 0122 to 0.324 mg/L. Catechin and taxifolin were found in all pine barks at a concentration of 0.065 ± 0.002–1.454 ± 0.004 and 0.015 ± 0.001–23.164 ± 0.322 mg/g, respectively. Epicatechin was determined in four pine barks between 0.027 ± 0.001 and 0.076 ± 0.002 mg/g, ferulic acid in two pine barks between 0.010 ± 0.001 and 0.022 ± 0.001 mg/g and epicatechin gallate in only one of the pine barks at 0.025 ± 0.001 mg/g. Finally, the total amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of the pine barks were found to be very high.

scholarly journals Food Processing Technologies to Develop Functional Foods With Enriched Bioactive Phenolic Compounds in Cereals

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Kasote ◽  
Rhowell N. Tiozon ◽  
Kristel June D. Sartagoda ◽  
Hameeda Itagi ◽  
Priyabrata Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Phenolics Content ◽  
Phenolic Concentration

Cereal grains and products provide calories globally. The health benefits of cereals attributed to their diverse phenolic constituents have not been systematically explored. Post-harvest processing, such as drying, storing, and milling cereals, can alter the phenolic concentration and influence the antioxidant activity. Furthermore, cooking has been shown to degrade thermo-labile compounds. This review covers several methods for retaining and enhancing the phenolic content of cereals to develop functional foods. These include using bioprocesses such as germination, enzymatic, and fermentation treatments designed to enhance the phenolics in cereals. In addition, physical processes like extrusion, nixtamalization, and parboiling are discussed to improve the bioavailability of phenolics. Recent technologies utilizing ultrasound, micro- or nano-capsule polymers, and infrared utilizing processes are also evaluated for their effectiveness in improving the phenolics content and bio-accessibility. We also present contemporary products made from pigmented cereals that contain phenolics.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity ofCornus stoloniferaplant material: Applications in agriculture

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara K. Isaak ◽  
Jay C. Petkau ◽  
O Karmin ◽  
Kim Ominski ◽  
Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Lecompte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Cornus Stolonifera ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

Isaak, C. K., Petkau, J. C., O, K., Ominski, K., Rodriguez-Lecompte, J. C, and Siow, Y. L. 2013. Seasonal variations in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Cornus stolonifera plant material: Applications in agriculture. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 725–734. The present study was carried out to establish the antioxidant capacity of plant material of Cornus stolonifera (syn. Cornus sericea, Red Osier Dogwood) grown in Manitoba, by measuring total phenolic content and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) over a 3-yr period. The presence and concentrations of flavonoids that might account for antioxidant abilities were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and a total anthocyanins assay. Both ORAC levels and phenolic content increased during the spring, peaked during the summer months (1631.65±166.30 µmol trolox equivalents g−1DW in July 2011, 220.38±2.29 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1DW in August 2012), and then declined during the fall in all 3 yr. Analysis of individual flavonoids in 2010 samples revealed that high levels of rutin, a glycoside of quercetin, were present ranging from 7.46±0.09 (July 2010) to 18.77±0.23 mg g−1dried sample (October 2010). Anthocyanin content was high in the spring, very low in the summer months, and increased in the fall over all 3 yr. Although polyphenolic and antioxidant content in Cornus spp. plants have been largely attributed to their berries, results from this study demonstrate that other plant material may also be an abundant source of these compounds.

Interaction between pyridine nucleotide coenzymes and heme proteins as a possible source of error in assay of activities of coenzyme-linked enzyme.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2129-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Jeyasingham ◽  
O E Pratt ◽  
H K Roopral
Keyword(s):  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Heme Group ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorbance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spectral Shifts ◽  
Muscle Breakdown ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Source Of Error ◽  
Absorbance Spectra

Abstract The ultraviolet absorbance spectra of pyridine nucleotide coenzymes change in the presence of heme-containing proteins. The positions of each of the two main absorbance peaks of NADH are shifted progressively towards shorter wavelengths in the presence of increasing concentrations of hemoglobin, and the third peak, at 220 nm, disappears altogether. Similar changes are seen in the spectra of NAD+ and NADPH, and similar effects on these spectra are produced by myoglobin and cytochrome c, but not by comparable concentrations of albumin. The spectral shifts are generally accompanied by a decreased peak height. This finding may help explain problems reported by previous workers in the measurement of the activity of enzymes such as transketolase or lactate dehydrogenase in erythrocyte hemolysates. Errors may be considerable if allowance is not made for this effect, especially if the concentration of heme protein in the spectrophotometer cuvette much exceeds 1 g/L. The interaction appears to indicate some form of bonding, occurring generally between pyridine nucleotide coenzymes and the heme group in proteins. We relate the findings to measurement of activities of pyridine nucleotide-linked enzymes in erythrocyte lysates and in plasma containing myoglobin after muscle breakdown.

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory, Antinociceptive, and Antipyretic Activities of Prunus persica var. nucipersica (Nectarine) Kernel

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 1016-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelsamed Ibrahim Elshamy ◽  
Heba Mohammed Ibrahim Abdallah ◽  
Abd El-Nasser Gaber El Gendy ◽  
Walla El-Kashak ◽  
Beatrice Muscatello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractNectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) is a worldwide appreciated edible subspecies, with a high nutritional value and benefits on human health due to its phenolic content. Despite the large consumption of the fruit, the potential use of its kernel is poorly studied. Herein, the potential pharmacological activities and the phenolic constituents of an alcoholic extract of kernel nectarine fruits were investigated. Administering nectarine kernel extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) in rats reduced paw edema after carrageenan injection by 11 and 47% in 1 h, 24 and 33% in 2 h, and 23 and 32% in 4 h, when compared to the controls. At the higher dose (100 mg/kg), nectarine kernel extract increased the reaction time in the hot-plate model and produced a significant decrease in the rectal temperature of the pyretic rats, while both doses produced 52 and 59% of writhing inhibition compared to the control group. Total polyphenolic (55.91 ± 5.78 mg/g) and flavonoid (29.89 ± 0.55 mg/g) content indicated that the extract is a promising source of these constituents. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, such as naringenin and apigenin glycosides. The cyanogenic glycosides amigdalin and prunasin were also detected. These results highlight the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of nectarine kernel alcoholic extract, together with significant phenolic content, promoting its exploitation as a source of bioactive molecules.

scholarly journals Evaluation of content of phenolics in Salvia species cultivated in South Moravian Region / Hodnotenie obsahu fenolov vo vybraných druhoch rodu Salvia L. pestovaných v Juhomoravskom kraji

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (s9) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
A. Muráriková ◽  
K. Kaffková ◽  
S. Raab ◽  
J. Neugebauerová
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Salvia Fruticosa ◽  
Standard Compound ◽  
Salvia Triloba

Abstract In this study, total phenolic content (TPC) and rosmarinic acid (RA) of 37 samples sage (Salvia L.) of extracts were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The amount of total phenols was analysed with Folin-Ciocalteu reagents. Gallic acid was used as a standard compound and the total phenols were expressed as mg.g−1 gallic acid equivalents of dried plant material. The values of the extracts displayed substantial differences. All of the investigated species except Salvia jurisicii (990.79 mg GAE. g−1 d.w.) exhibited higher content of phenolics. Among the studies, species demonstrated the highest content of phenol, followed in sequence by Salvia tomentosa, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia triloba, Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’, Salvia officinalis. TPC varied from 990.79 to 4459.88 mg GAE. g−1 d.w. in the extracts. The total amount of RA was between 0.88 and 8.04% among species. Salvia tomentosa, Salvia verticillata and Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’ had the highest content of RA. The high content of phenolic compounds indicated that these compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Honey and Eugenol on Ehrlich Ascites and Solid Carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravana Kumar Jaganathan ◽  
Dilip Mondhe ◽  
Z. A. Wani ◽  
Harish C. Pal ◽  
Mahitosh Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma ◽  
Mammary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Tumor Growth Inhibition ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Solid Carcinoma

Ehrlich ascites carcinoma is a spontaneous murine mammary adenocarcinoma adapted to ascites form and carried in outbred mice by serial intraperitoneal (i/p) passages. The previous work from our laboratory showed that honey having higher phenolic content was potent in inhibiting colon cancer cell proliferation. In this work, we extended our research to screen the antitumor activity of two selected honey samples and eugenol (one of the phenolic constituents of honey) against murine Ehrlich ascites and solid carcinoma models. Honey containing higher phenolic content was found to significantly inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma as compared to other samples. When honey containing higher phenolic content was given at 25% (volume/volume) intraperitoneally (i/p), the maximum tumor growth inhibition was found to be 39.98%. However, honey was found to be less potent in inhibiting the growth of Ehrlich solid carcinoma. On the other hand, eugenol at a dose of 100 mg/kg i/p was able to inhibit the growth of Ehrlich ascites by 28.88%. In case of solid carcinoma, eugenol (100 mg/kg; i/p) showed 24.35% tumor growth inhibition. This work will promote the development of honey and eugenol as promising candidates in cancer chemoprevention.

scholarly journals Determination of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and FRAP in culinary herbs in relation to harvest time

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindřiška Vábková ◽  
J. Neugebauerová
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Time Of Harvest

In this study there were evaluated total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)of 3 herbs species, that are commonly used in fresh stage (summer savory –Satureja hortensisL., marjoram –Majorana hortensisM. and thyme –Thymus vulgarisL.) in dependence on time of harvest. The total flavonoid content ranged from 2.36 to 4.10 g of catechin equivalents (CE).100g−1of dry weight (dw) of plant material. The highest average total flavonoids content was ascertained in aerial part of summer savory colected in first harvest (4.10 g CE.100g−1dw) and the lowest in aerial part of summer savory collected in third harvest (2.36 g CE.100g−1dw). The highest total flavonoid content was measured by all tested species in plant material harvested in first time of harvest. The highest total phenolic content was estimated in plant material of marjoram harvested in the second time of harvest (6.74 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE).100g−1dw) and the lowest in aerial part of summer savory harvested in the third time of harvest (4.16 g GAE .100g−1dw). Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) ranged from 1,13 (summer savory, harvest No. 3) to 1.91 g GAE .100g−1dw (thyme, harvest No. 1). The best results of total flavonoid content, total phenolic content and FRAP were obtained by marjoram. Among harvest times there were the highest contents of measured compound mainly by the samples collected in the first time of harvest.

scholarly journals Biometric and phytochemical variability of roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) from field cultivation

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Adamczak ◽  
Agnieszka Gryszczyńska ◽  
Waldemar Buchwald
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Clump Size

Summary Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) is an adaptogenic plant, widely used in the traditional medicine of Scandinavia, Russia, China and Mongolia. The aim of the study was to determine the biometric and phytochemical co-variability of this species under field cultivation in western Poland (Plewiska near Poznań). The plant material originated from four-year-old cultivation established twice by rhizome division in autumn 2007 and 2008. In the study, 46 individuals (23 plants in 2011 and in 2012) were used. The biometric analysis included measurements of the basic characteristics of plants related to the size (luxuriance) of clumps, shoots, leaves and rhizomes with roots (raw material). The amounts of total polyphenols (expressed as gallic acid), tannins (expressed as pyrogallol) and flavonoids (expressed as quercetin) were determined spectrophotometrically. The obtained results showed high variation of Rh. rosea, especially in the level of flavonoids (0.01-0.20% DM) and in the weight of raw material (113-1156 g FM/plant). There were observed correlations between the phytochemical (flavonoid and total phenolic content) and biometric (water content, leaf number, shoot and clump size) features.

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