Drug Residues in Animal Tissues and Their Regulatory Significance—The Canadian Point of View

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1194-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Residue Detection ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Regulatory Significance

Abstract Today it is almost impossible to produce food of animal origin which is free from traces of drugs or chemicals. In Canada the problem of drug residues is controlled by a method of assessment of human safety which involves many factors. The toxicity of the drug in laboratory animals or, if possible, in man, is established and a no-effect dose is then estimated. These studies require oral administration of the drug and include acute, subacute, and teratogenicity studies. Depending on these results, chronic reproductive or carcinogenicity studies may be required before a no-effect dose can be estimated. Residue studies must encompass data on metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and depletion studies in edible tissues and for products such as milk and eggs. For veterinary drug residues, we must consider the target food animal with its particular metabolism, tissue disposition, and excretion patterns. The analytical method for residue detection must be acceptable and its sensitivity limits suitable for the drug and its major metabolites.

Comparison of international legislation and standards on veterinary drug residues in food of animal origin

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Léger ◽  
Lis Alban ◽  
Anouk Veldhuis ◽  
Gerdien van Schaik ◽  
Katharina D. C. Stärk
Keyword(s):  
Animal Origin ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Veterinary Drug Residues ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

scholarly journals Rational Pharmacotherapy in Infectious Diseases: Issues Related to Drug Residues in Edible Animal Tissues

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2878
Author(s):  
Lucila Canton ◽  
Carlos Lanusse ◽  
Laura Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Treated Animal ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Rational Pharmacotherapy ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Edible Tissues

Drugs are used in veterinary medicine to prevent or treat animal diseases. When rationally administered to livestock following Good Veterinary Practices (GVP), they greatly contribute to improving the production of food of animal origin. Since humans can be exposed chronically to veterinary drugs through the diet, residues in food are evaluated for effects following chronic exposures. Parameters such as an acceptable daily intake (ADI), the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), maximum residue limits (MRLs), and the withdrawal periods (WPs) are determined for each drug used in livestock. Drug residues in food exceeding the MRLs usually appear when failing the GVP application. Different factors related either to the treated animal or to the type of drug administration, and even the type of cooking can affect the level of residues in edible tissues. Residues above the MRLs can have a diverse negative impact, mainly on the consumer’s health, and favor antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Drug residue monitoring programmes are crucial to ensure that prohibited or authorized substances do not exceed MRLs. This comprehensive review article addresses different aspects of drug residues in edible tissues produced as food for human consumption and provides relevant information contributing to rational pharmacotherapy in food-producing animals.

scholarly journals Hazards and Detection Techniques of Veterinary Drug Residues in Animal-Origin Food

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 04033
Author(s):  
Zhongyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Veterinary Drug Residues ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Drug Residue ◽  
Residue Detection ◽  
Veterinary Drug Residue

Veterinary drugs originally used to diagnose, prevent, control and treat animal diseases. However, now some of them can also be mixed into livestock feed as growth promoters. Although most countries have specified animal-derived veterinary drug residue standards, such as the maximum residue limit, withdrawal period and prohibition of some veterinary drugs as growth promoters, there are still some animal-derived products with illegal amount of drug residues. Consequently, long-term intake of products with excessive residues will result in irreversible impacts on human health, livestock industries and natural environment. To minimize these risks, the techniques of drug residues detection plays an important role in guarding food safety of animal products. Moreover, Veterinary drug residue detection technology, according to the author's opinion, can be divided into instrumental method, immunoassay method, biomolecular technology and bio-sensor technology. The purpose of this article is to collect and summarize the existing journal literature current about status, hazards and detection techniques of animal-origin veterinary drug residues so that ordinary readers can briefly understand the research status of the residue detection techniques, farmers can understand the importance of regulating and suitable handling of veterinary drugs, and relevant researchers may know about the emphasized difficulties that need to be overcome in drug residue detection techniques.

scholarly journals Assessment of various veterinary drug residues in animal originated food products

2021 ◽  
pp. 1650-1664
Author(s):  
Jagdish Kumar Parmar ◽  
Kundan Kumar Chaubey ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Manthena Nava Bharath
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Veterinary Drug Residues ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
The Government

The veterinary drugs are broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotics; it uses to cure the animal disease. Many countries have banned veterinary drug residues like nitrofurans metabolites, chloramphenicol. However, the people were administrated veterinary drugs to animals as illegal to increase the milk production in animals for economic benefit. The results of illegally use of veterinary drugs remain as a residue in animal product like milk and it is very harmful to whom consume it cause cancer and allergic for human being which has entered the concern among milk consumers. To control illegal use of veterinary drugs, the government of India has restricted its use in animals. For the identification and confirmation of veterinary drug residues in animal products, analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry are available. These are very sophisticated equipments which are available nowadays and their methodologies for the analytical method validation are described by European commission 2002/657/EC. The use of veterinary drugs is a big challenge to effectively identify and authorization of their use. There are so many analytical techniques are using very effectively and taking very less time to protect the consumers from their adverse effects. These techniques take very less time to identify more groups of compounds such as tetracycline, sulfonamides, anthelmintic, and macrolides in single multi-residue method. These methods having validation parameters include system precision, calibration curve, accuracy, limit of detection, and quantification. Therefore, improvement in the existing technologies and accessibility of new screening methodologies will give opportunities for automation that helps in obtaining the results in very less time and improved sensitivity and specificity which contribute to better safety assurance, standard, and quality of various food products of animal origin.

Screening of 154 Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods of Animal Origin Using LC-MS/MS, First Action 2020.04

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Desmarchelier ◽  
Thomas Bessaire ◽  
Marie-Claude Savoy ◽  
Adrienne Tarres ◽  
Claudia Mujahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Veterinary Drug Residues ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Expert Review Panel

Abstract Background Veterinary drug residues in food are substances (>200 compounds) exhibiting potential health risks for consumers, thus being regulated in national legislations and the Codex Alimentarius. Most of the compounds are regulated based upon a maximum residue limit (MRL) while a few of them are banned in food for humans. The food sector needs a reliable and consensus analytical platform able to monitor these substances in a wide range of food commodities. Objective Several confirmatory methods based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are available in the literature for either screening or quantification of veterinary drug residues in food, but usually applicable to limited scope of matrices. The current work describes the single-laboratory validation (SLV) of a method for screening 154 veterinary drug residues in several food categories. Methods This work describes a streamlined platform making use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for screening 105 antibiotics, 41 antiparasitics, 5 anti-inflammatory agents and 3 tranquilizers in foods of animal origin. For the best performance across the commodities (dairy-, meat-, fish- and egg-based materials) four method streams were established. As a screening tool, probabilities of detection (PODs) were assessed at the screening target concentration (STC < MRL) and the blank. Results The SLV led to PODs at the STC >94% and PODs in the blank < 4%. Conclusion Performance is in agreement with the acceptance criteria defined in SMPR 2018.010. Highlights The Expert Review Panel approved the present method as AOAC Official First Action 2020.04.

scholarly journals Rapid Multi-Residue Detection Methods for Pesticides and Veterinary Drugs

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3590
Author(s):  
Min Jia ◽  
Zhongbo E ◽  
Fei Zhai ◽  
Xin Bing
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Veterinary Drug Residues ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Molecular Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Residue Detection ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Recognition Elements

The excessive use or abuse of pesticides and veterinary drugs leads to residues in food, which can threaten human health. Therefore, there is an extremely urgent need for multi-analyte analysis techniques for the detection of pesticide and veterinary drug residues, which can be applied as screening techniques for food safety monitoring and detection. Recent developments related to rapid multi-residue detection methods for pesticide and veterinary drug residues are reviewed herein. Methods based on different recognition elements or the inherent characteristics of pesticides and veterinary drugs are described in detail. The preparation and application of three broadly specific recognition elements—antibodies, aptamers, and molecular imprinted polymers—are summarized. Furthermore, enzymatic inhibition-based sensors, near-infrared spectroscopy, and SERS spectroscopy based on the inherent characteristics are also discussed. The aim of this review is to provide a useful reference for the further development of rapid multi-analyte analysis of pesticide and veterinary drug residues.

Veterinary drug residues in domestic and imported foods of animal origin in the Republic of Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
JeongWoo Kang ◽  
Hae-Chul Park ◽  
Vinayakumar Gedi ◽  
Su-Jeong Park ◽  
Myeong-Ae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Veterinary Drug Residues ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Imported Foods
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