scholarly journals 214 The effects of an 18-hour transit or complete feed and water restriction on feed bunk displacements and need preferences in growing feedlot steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Katie J Heiderscheit ◽  
Erin Deters ◽  
Alyssa Freestone ◽  
Joshua Peschel ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Trained Observer ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Abstract The objective was to investigate effects of 18 h feed and water restriction or transit on cattle behavior. Angus-cross steers (36; 353 ± 33 kg) were housed in pens of 6 and assigned to treatments: control (CON), full access to feed and water; deprived (DEPR), no feed or water for 18 h; or transported (TRANS), trucked for 18 h. Individual BW (n = 12 steers/treatment) was recorded on d 0, 1, 3, 8, and 14, and individual dry matter intake (DMI) was determined via GrowSafe bunks. Bunk displacements on d 1 were recorded for each pen (n = 2 pens/treatment) by one trained observer continuously for 2 h in 10 min intervals via video analysis. Steer need preferences were assessed as time individuals took to perform behaviors (eat, drink, lay) after treatments ended on d 1. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effect of treatment; displacements, BW, and DMI were analyzed as repeated measures. Upon return to pens, time to eat or drink did not differ between DEPR and TRANS (P ≥ 0.17), but time to lay was 70.5 min for DEPR vs. 16.5 min for TRANS (P = 0.01). Displacements were greater for DEPR than CON or TRANS during the first 90 min after accessing feed, while CON displaced more frequently than TRANS for the first 30 min (treatment × time; P = 0.02). While DMI for TRANS was not recovered until d 2, DEPR and CON had similar DMI on d 1 (treatment × day; P < 0.01). Similarly, TRANS BW were, and DEPR tended to be, lesser than CON on d 1; however, BW among treatments were not different on other days (treatment × day; P < 0.01). Thus, restricting feed increases aggressive interactions at the bunk and cattle trucked long distances are quick to lay down when allowed. These behaviors should be considered when managing an unintentional feed restriction event or receiving cattle into the feedlot.

scholarly journals PSIV-3 Effect of winter-feeding system and roughage level in feedlot ration on subsequent spring grazing behavior and dry matter intake of beef growing heifers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
María Victoria Burjel ◽  
Alvaro Simeone ◽  
Oscar Bentancur ◽  
Natalia Zabalveytia ◽  
Virginia Beretta
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Winter Feeding

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of winter-feeding system (grazing, GFS vs. feedlot, FFS) and ration roughage level (RL), on subsequent spring grazing behavior and forage dry matter intake (DMI). Thirty-two Hereford female calves (149 ± 13 kg) were assigned to four winter dietary treatments (110 days) in a randomized block design (n = 2/treatment): three feedlot rations differing RL (Setaria italica) (0%, 35% or 70% DM) or oats grazing (5 kg DM/100 kg LW). In spring (84 days) all treatments grazed a mixed grass-legume pastures (4317 ± 1009 kg DM/ha; 6 kg DM/100 kg LW). During weeks 1, 3 and 5 after changing diets, diurnal behavior activity (effective/search grazing, rumination, idling or water intake) was visually recorded and DMI estimated from the in vivo DM digestibility (DMD) and fecal production. Data were analyzed according to a block design with repeated measures, with general model including block, treatment (T), week (W) and T×W effects. Means were compared through orthogonal contrasts (Table 1). Spring DMI varied with T (P = 0.0084) regardless of W effect (P = 0.1619), with higher values for GFS compared to FFS (1.55 vs. 1.16 kg/100 kg LW, P = 0.0034) and for 70RL compared to 35RL (P = 0.0286). DMD did not differ between treatments (P = 0.2488) but was lower on W1 than W5 (55 vs. 64 %, P = 0.0150). T×W was significant (P < 0.0001) for effective grazing, rumination and idling. On W1, heifers from GFS grazed less (0.40 vs. 0.49, P = 0.0268) but tended to ruminate more (0.26 vs. 0.18, P = 0.0591) than FFS. As pasture DMD improved (W5) GFS grazed more (0.64 vs. 0.51, P = 0.0020) but ruminated less (0.14 vs. 0.21, P = 0.0450) than FFS. Transition from FFS to spring grazing might reduce pasture DMI modifying animal ingestive behavior compare to animals from GFS. Impact could be higher when ration RL is below 70%.

scholarly journals PSI-14 Feeding β-agonists under heat stress conditions in feedlot cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 266-266
Author(s):  
Pablo C Grijalva ◽  
Rachel Reith ◽  
Renae L Sieck ◽  
Rebecca Swanson ◽  
Ty B Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Zilpaterol Hydrochloride ◽  
Red Angus

Abstract Red Angus steers (n = 24; 260 ± 25 kg) were used to analyze the effects of supplementation of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) under heat stress conditions on respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), growth performance (GP), and carcass traits (CT). Steers were randomly assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangement (n = 6/group) with factors including heat stress (HS; THI=71 to 83) or thermal neutral (TN; THI=27 to 39) conditions and with/without supplementation of ZH (0 or 8.38 mg/kg/d on 88% DM basis). Steers were provided 9 d to acclimate to tie stalls rooms under TN conditions before starting the study. TN steers were pair-fed to the average daily dry matter intake (DMI) of HS steers. Ad libitum water consumption (WC) was recorded daily. HS and TN steers were harvested on d 22 and 23, respectively. By design, DMI was not different between environments (P = 0.43). DMI also did not differ between supplement groups (P = 0.31). RT, RR, and WC were greater (P < 0.01) in HS steers compared to TN steers. There was a supplement by environment interaction (P = 0.02) for RT, as HS steers fed ZH had lower RT than HS control steers (39.1 vs 39.5 ℃). ADG was 20% higher (P = 0.04) in HS steers compared to TN steers. CT did not differ (P = >0.05) due to environment, treatment, or interactions between environment and ZH supplementation. Our results suggest that feedlot steers under our experimental conditions display some sensitivity to HS through GP, RR, and RT, however, this did not translate to an impact on CT. Furthermore, ZH supplementation under HS conditions appears to impact thermoregulatory responses positively, yet this did not impact GP or CT.

Some effects of water restriction on apparent digestibility and water excretion of cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Thornton ◽  
NG Yates
Keyword(s):  
Urine Output ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Water Output ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Hind Gut

An experiment is described in which digestibility and water excretion were investigated in cattle during periods of unrestricted feed and water, of water restriction, and of feed restriction. During water restriction: (a) Increased dry matter and acid detergent fibre digestibilities could not be wholly accounted for by decreased intake of dry matter. (b) Reduced faecal water output was more important than changes in urine output in conserving water. It is suggested that the hind gut has a regulatory role in the observed responses to water restriction.

scholarly journals PSVIII-4 Live growth performance of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
Ty Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment was designed to study the effect of days on feed and an aggressive implant strategy on Jersey steer growth performance. Steers (n = 30; start of trial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments; negative control (CON) or implanted with Revalor 200 every 70 d (REV; d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) for a total of 6 implants. Steers were weighed every 35 d and daily feed delivery was recorded daily. Data for dry matter intake (DMI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were analyzed via a mixed model; the fixed effects were day and treatment. Live growth BW and average daily gain (ADG) used day as the repeated measure and animal as the subject in a repeated measures analysis. Change in BW increased linearly (P < 0.01); treatments differed in BW from d 280 through d 350 (P < 0.01). Average daily gain decreased (P < 0.01) linearly and differed (P < 0.01) at d 70, d 140, d 280, and d 350, but not (P ≥ 0.10) at d 210 or d 420. Dry matter intake was greater (P < 0.05) for REV steers (7.6 kg/d) than CON (6.8 kg/d). Gain to feed ratio did not differ (P ≥ 0.78) between CON steers (0.13 kg/kg dry matter (DM)) and REV (0.14 kg/kg DM) steers, yet G:F differed (P < 0.01) amongst periods (d 70 = 0.21 kg/kg, d 140 = 0.16 kg/kg, d 210 = 0.15 kg/kg, d 280 = 0.13 kg/kg, d 350 = 0.08 kg/kg, d 420 = 0.08 kg/kg). Aggressively implanting Jersey steers improved growth performance by 9.6%, 13.2%, 11.3%, and 7.7% for BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F, respectively.

scholarly journals Potential of Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) for Compensatory Growth on Anglo-Nubian Crossbred Male Goats

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
Dwinta PRASETIANTI ◽  
Songyos CHOTCHUTIMA ◽  
Phongthorn KONGMUN ◽  
Somkiert PRASANPANICH
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Daily Gain

This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as the sole diet after restriction of feeding in order to elevate compensatory growth during re-alimentation. Twelve Anglo-Nubian crossbred male goats, with an average body weight of 17.50 kg, were assigned to 3 treatments, with 4 replicates, in a completely randomized design (CRD), where all treatments were under 3 feeding regimes, viz. pre-feed restriction, feed restriction, and re-alimentation. All animals were allotted to normal feeding and fed with Pangola hay and meal concentrate to promote an average daily gain (ADG) of 100 g in the initial period for 3 weeks. During the feed restriction period, animals in Treatment 1 were continuously fed at the same level as in the pre-restriction (normal growth/control group), while the animals in Treatments 2 and 3 (restricted groups) were kept at feeding levels of 47.5 and 67.5 % below maintenance, based on NRC (2007), for 4 weeks. In the final period of re-alimentation (7 weeks), the normal growth group was given Pangola hay and meal concentrate at the same level as in the pre-restriction period while restricted groups were subjected to ad libitum sole leucaena feeding until the end of the trial. The results showed that average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake did not differ among the treatments during the pre-feed restriction while, in the restriction feeding period, the restricted groups had lower means (P < 0.01) than the normal growth group. In the re-alimentation period, total dry matter intake was not significantly different among treatments. It is pointed that there were 2 sub-periods during the re-alimentation period where total dry matter intake during the compensatory growth and the normal growth were not significantly different. However, the compensatory growth had been achieved within 2 weeks, indicating a higher ADG of 141.25 and 158.57 g in the restricted groups, compared to 106 g in the control group. Afterwards, the sub-period of normal growth (5 weeks) was followed with a lower ADG in the restricted groups than that in the control group. It can be concluded that the potential of single leucaena feeding for compensatory growth after restriction feeding can be achieved within a short period during re-alimentation, due to the limitation of fiber enrichment in leucaena.

scholarly journals Effect of frame score on performance and carcass characteristics of steers finished in the feedlot or backgrounded for various time on pasture and finished in the feedlot

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-435
Author(s):  
H. Koknaroglu ◽  
M. P. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Lower Frame ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Feeding Systems

Abstract. A two-year data of three-year study integrating pasture and drylot feeding systems was used to examine effect of frame score on performance and carcass characteristics of steers. Each year, 84 fall-born and 28 spring-born calves of similar genotypes were used. Fall-born and spring-born calves were started on test in May and October, respectively. Treatments were: 1) fall-born calves directly into feedlot; 2 and 3) fall-born calves put on pasture with or without an ionophore and moved to the feedlot at the end of July; 4 and 5) fall-born calves put on pasture with or without an ionophore and moved to the feedlot at the end of October; 6 and 7) spring-born calves put on pasture with or without an ionophore and moved to the feedlot at the end of October. Frame scores were determined by taking steers’ age and live weight into consideration. Cattle that grazed the same duration on pasture were regarded as the same treatment regardless of whether they received an ionophore or not. In the feedlot, steers were provided an 82 % concentrate diet containing whole-shelled corn, ground alfalfa hay, and a protein, vitamin and mineral supplement containing ionophore and molasses. Pens of cattle were harvested at approximately 522 kg. Cattle having a higher frame score at the entry to pasture and grazed until July and October tended to have higher and lower daily gain on pasture than those having lower frame score, respectively (P>0.05). Fall-born and spring-born cattle grazed until October, which had higher frame scores at the entry to pasture tended to have higher daily gain in the feedlot showing a compensatory growth. In the feedlot, within each treatment cattle having higher frame score tended to have higher daily gain (P>0.05) and had higher dry matter intake (P<0.05). Cattle spending longer time in the feedlot have better carcass quality and higher yield grades. Results showed that cattle with higher frame scores had higher growth potentials in the feedlot and if the grazing season is extended then daily gain of cattle having higher frame score decreases.

scholarly journals Prepartum and Postpartum Feed Restrictions Affect Blood Metabolites and Hormones Reducing Colostrum and Milk Yields in Fat-Tailed Dairy Sheep

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258
Author(s):  
Mousa Zarrin ◽  
Meysam Sanginabadi ◽  
Mahrokh Nouri ◽  
Amir Ahmadpour ◽  
Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

This study aimed to investigate the effect of prepartum and postpartum feed restriction on body weight (BW), blood metabolites, and hormones as well as colostrum and milk yields and compositions in fat-tailed dairy sheep. In this study, 20 multiparous and pregnant ewes were randomly allocated to either the control (Ctrl; n = 10) or the feed-restricted (FR; n = 10) groups from week −5 to week 5 relative to parturition. Despite dry matter intake being decreased in the FR group compared to the Ctrl throughout both prepartum and postpartum periods, no differences in BW were detected between groups in any of the studied periods. Feed restriction increased both free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations during both prepartum and postpartum periods. Similarly, feed restriction increased triglyceride concentration postpartum. Additionally, feed restriction increased insulin and growth hormone and decreased prolactin concentrations during both prepartum and postpartum periods. Feed restriction caused a decreased colostrum yield and a relative increase of the main colostrum components in the FR group. Similarly, milk yield decreased in the FR group compared to the Ctrl group, although milk components were not affected. In conclusion, feed restriction did not affect BW but decreased colostrum and milk yield in fat-tailed dairy sheep.

scholarly journals Effects of short-term feed restriction on the physiological parameters and metabolites of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows in different stages of lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1545-1554
Author(s):  
L.A. Borges ◽  
J.R.M. Ruas ◽  
V.R. Rocha Júnior ◽  
C.C.S. Carvalho ◽  
F.P. Monção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Zebu Cows

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different nutritional plans on the productive, physiological and metabolic parameters of F1 ½ Holstein x ½ Zebu cows in different stages of lactation. Sixty lactating cows were allotted to a completely randomized 5 x 3 factorial design with five feed allowances and three lactation periods. The dry matter intake, milk yield and heart rate were reduced by 5.69kg, 2.41kg and 10.36 beats/min (morning) and 10.25 beats/min (afternoon) for each 1% feed restriction, respectively. There was no difference in the concentration of glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids for cows subjected to different feed allowances, with means of 95.25, 7.98, 2.95, 121.68 and 0.45mg/dL, respectively. Feed restriction of up to 2.50% BW is a cost reduction strategy that does not alter milk yield, regardless of the stage of lactation.

scholarly journals PSII-19 Effect of zinc and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
Harrison D Hallmark ◽  
Joanis T Zervoudakis ◽  
Juliana Akamine Torrecilhas ◽  
Luciana K Hatamoto-Zervoudakis ◽  
Henrique Toller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Supplemental Zinc

Abstract One hundred and sixty-five crossbred steers were used in this experiment to investigate the influence of supplemental zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet. Steers were blocked by initial BW (518.9 ± 8.4 kg) within cattle source (2 sources) and housed in pens containing 6–7 steers per pen. Pens within blocks were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 30 or 90 mg of Zn/kg DM and 0.0 or 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM. Treatments consisted of: 1) 30 mg Zn/kg DM; 2) 90 mg Zn/kg DM; 3) 30 mg Zn + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM; and 4) 90 mg Zn/kg + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM. Zinc was supplemented as ZnSO4 and Cr supplemented as Cr propionate. Steers were individually weighted on 2 consecutive days prior to initiating dietary treatment and on 2 consecutive days at the end of the experiment. Dietary treatment were initiated 64 days prior to slaughter (total days on feed = 240). All cattle were transported to a commercial abattoir on the same day and slaughtered. Steers receiving supplemental Cr had greater final BW (P &lt; 0.02) and ADG (P &lt; 0.03) when compared to non-Cr supplemented steers. Additionally, hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.005) and marbling score (P &lt; 0.03) were greater (P &lt; 0.005) for steers receiving 30 mg Zn/kg DM + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM when compared with all other treatments. Dry matter intake, morbidity and mortality, and all the other carcass measurements were similar across treatments. These data indicate that under the conditions of this experiment, Zn and Cr supplementation may influence feedlot cattle growth and carcass characteristics.

PSI-12 Effects of increasing rumen propionate on dry matter intake, feeding behavior, glucose clearance, and insulin response in cattle on a finishing ration

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 275-275
Author(s):  
Abigail R Rathert ◽  
Hunter L McConnell ◽  
Carlee M Salisbury ◽  
Nick Uzee ◽  
Dagan Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Glucose Clearance

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine if increasing propionate alters dry matter intake (DMI), feeding behavior, glucose clearance rate, blood metabolites, insulin concentrations, and rumen fluid lactate in steers fed a finishing diet. Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (n = 6) were fed a finishing diet ad libitum. Steers were randomly assigned to one of three treatments in a 3×6 Latin rectangle design. Treatments of no Ca propionate (CON), 100 g/d (LOW), or 300 g/d (HIGH) were ruminally dosed daily. Individual DMI was measured using an Insentec feeding system. Weekly blood samples and body weight were collected on d 0, 7, and 14 and analyzed for glucose, lactate, NEFA, and insulin. A glucose tolerance test was conducted on d 14 of each period. Data were analyzed using a mixed model with period, treatment, time, and their interaction included, with time within period as a repeated measure, and steer as a random effect. Dry matter intake, meal size, and number of meals per day were decreased (P &lt; 0.049) in HIGH steers. Weekly plasma glucose tended (P = 0.07) to be greater on d 7 than d 0. Plasma insulin was lower (P = 0.019) in both LOW and HIGH than CON steers. Rumen fluid lactate was decreased (P = 0.034) in HIGH steers. There was an effect of time (P &lt; 0.0001) on rumen fluid lactate and pH, with an increase from 0 h to 6 h. There was no treatment effect (P ≥ 0.11) on weekly plasma glucose, NEFA, or lactate, rumen fluid pH, or glucose peak concentration, plateau, and rate. These data indicate that increased propionate may decrease DMI and alter feeding behavior but might not be related to glucose metabolism.

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