Some effects of water restriction on apparent digestibility and water excretion of cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Thornton ◽  
NG Yates
Keyword(s):  
Urine Output ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Water Output ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Hind Gut

An experiment is described in which digestibility and water excretion were investigated in cattle during periods of unrestricted feed and water, of water restriction, and of feed restriction. During water restriction: (a) Increased dry matter and acid detergent fibre digestibilities could not be wholly accounted for by decreased intake of dry matter. (b) Reduced faecal water output was more important than changes in urine output in conserving water. It is suggested that the hind gut has a regulatory role in the observed responses to water restriction.

scholarly journals 214 The effects of an 18-hour transit or complete feed and water restriction on feed bunk displacements and need preferences in growing feedlot steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Katie J Heiderscheit ◽  
Erin Deters ◽  
Alyssa Freestone ◽  
Joshua Peschel ◽  
Stephanie L Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Trained Observer ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Abstract The objective was to investigate effects of 18 h feed and water restriction or transit on cattle behavior. Angus-cross steers (36; 353 ± 33 kg) were housed in pens of 6 and assigned to treatments: control (CON), full access to feed and water; deprived (DEPR), no feed or water for 18 h; or transported (TRANS), trucked for 18 h. Individual BW (n = 12 steers/treatment) was recorded on d 0, 1, 3, 8, and 14, and individual dry matter intake (DMI) was determined via GrowSafe bunks. Bunk displacements on d 1 were recorded for each pen (n = 2 pens/treatment) by one trained observer continuously for 2 h in 10 min intervals via video analysis. Steer need preferences were assessed as time individuals took to perform behaviors (eat, drink, lay) after treatments ended on d 1. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS with fixed effect of treatment; displacements, BW, and DMI were analyzed as repeated measures. Upon return to pens, time to eat or drink did not differ between DEPR and TRANS (P ≥ 0.17), but time to lay was 70.5 min for DEPR vs. 16.5 min for TRANS (P = 0.01). Displacements were greater for DEPR than CON or TRANS during the first 90 min after accessing feed, while CON displaced more frequently than TRANS for the first 30 min (treatment × time; P = 0.02). While DMI for TRANS was not recovered until d 2, DEPR and CON had similar DMI on d 1 (treatment × day; P < 0.01). Similarly, TRANS BW were, and DEPR tended to be, lesser than CON on d 1; however, BW among treatments were not different on other days (treatment × day; P < 0.01). Thus, restricting feed increases aggressive interactions at the bunk and cattle trucked long distances are quick to lay down when allowed. These behaviors should be considered when managing an unintentional feed restriction event or receiving cattle into the feedlot.

Forages in diets for growing pigs 2. Nutrient apparent digestibilities and partition of nutrient digestion in barley-based diets including red-clover and perennial ryegrass meal

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Andersson ◽  
J. E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

AbstractGrowing pigs fitted with simple t-shaped cannulas posterior to the ileal-caecal valve were used in a change-over design experiment (5 × 5) to determine the Heal and total tract apparent digestibility and hindgut disappearance of dietary components and energy in a barley-based diet with increasing inclusion of either red-clover or perennial ryegrass meal (proportionately 0·10 and 0·20). The total tract and Heal apparent digestibilities of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), nitrogen-free extractives (NFE) and energy were significantly reduced with increasing inclusion of red-clover and perennial ryegrass meal in the diet (P < 0·05). For all fibrous components (total fibre (TF), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and crude fibre (CF)), the ileal apparent digestibility was unaffected by level offibre inclusion in the diet. Also the total tract apparent digestibility of TF, NDF and CF were unaffected by red-clover meal inclusion, while in contrast the total tract apparent digestibility of TF, NDF and CF were significantly reduced with perennial ryegrass meal inclusion (P < 0·05). The hindgut disappearance of crude fat, NDF, ADF and CF was not affected by forage meal inclusion, whereas the hindgut disappearance of OM, NFE, TF and energy were significantly lower in the perennial ryegrass meal diets than in both the control diet and the red-clover meal diets (P < 0·05).The total tract apparent digestibility of OM was higher for the control diet compared with the red-clover and perennial ryegrass meal diets. There was also a significantly higher apparent digestibility of OM in the total tract for red-clover meal compared with perennial ryegrass meal (P < 0·05). The Heal apparent digestibility of energy in a barley-based diet with forage meal inclusion decreased proportionately by about 0·014, 0·023 and 0·030 units per unit increase ofTF, NDF and CF in dry matter, respectively. Correspondingly, for the total tract energy apparent digestibility, there was a decrease proportionately by about 0·010, 0·016 and 0·022 units per unit increase of TF, NDF and CF in dry matter, respectively. Digestible energy content was significantly reduced, as measured at the ileum or over the total tract, with increasing inclusion offorage meal (P < 0·05).

Evaluation of grooming behaviour and apparent digestibility method in cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Hee S Kim ◽  
Jin S Hong ◽  
Chang W Park ◽  
Kyung H Cho ◽  
Yoo Y Kim
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grooming Behaviour

Objectives This experiment was conducted to evaluate the behavioural time budget for grooming and grooming patterns for shorthair and longhair cats, and to assess the effect of grooming behaviour on apparent digestibility of nutrients in domestic cats ( Felis catus) by comparing hair-included faeces and hair-removed faeces. Methods A total of 10 adult domestic cats, with a mean ± SD body weight of 4.3 ± 0.89 kg and a mean ± SD age of 3.5 ± 1.38 years, were used for behavioural observation. Cats were housed individually in stainless steel cages at the animal hospital. The cats’ behaviour was recorded on a webcam videotaping system for one 24 h period; then, faecal samples were collected and analysed to measure apparent digestibility. Results There was no significant difference between longhair and shorthair cats in behavioural time budget for grooming and grooming patterns. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of hair-removed faeces was significantly higher than that of hair-included faeces: about 6% ( P <0.01), 7% ( P <0.01), 14% ( P <0.01), 12% ( P = 0.01) and 10% ( P <0.01), respectively. Conclusions and relevance There was no difference in grooming patterns between longhair cats and shorthair cats. Also, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, ADF and NDF has been underestimated by approximately 6%, 7%, 14%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, when they have been calculated using the conventional digestibility method for domestic cats.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of captive colobines in relation to stomach types with special reference to fibre digestion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Hoshino ◽  
Satoru Seino ◽  
Takashi Funahashi ◽  
Tomonori Hoshino ◽  
Marcus Clauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nasalis Larvatus ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Colobine Monkeys ◽  
Plant Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Trachypithecus Cristatus

AbstractColobine monkeys are known for the anatomical complexity of their stomachs, making them distinct within the primate order. Amongst foregut fermenters, they appear peculiar because of the occurrence of two different stomach types, having either three (‘tripartite’) or four (‘quadripartite’, adding the praesaccus) chambers. The functional differences between tri and quadripartite stomachs largely remain to be explained. In this study, we aim to compare the apparent digestibility (aD) in tripartite and quadripartite colobines. Hence, we measured the aD in two colobine species, Nasalis larvatus (quadripartite) and Trachypithecus cristatus (tripartite), in two zoos. We also included existing colobine literature data on the aD and analysed whether the aD of fibre components is different between the stomach types to test the hypothesis of whether quadripartite colobines show higher aD of fibre components than tripartite colobines did. Our captive N. larvatus specimen had a more distinctively varying nutrient intake across seasons with a larger seasonal variation in aD than that of a pair of T. cristatus, which mostly consumed commercial foods with a lower proportion of browse and less seasonal variation. We observed higher aD of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) in the N. larvatus specimen, suggesting a higher gut capacity of N. larvatus provided by the additional praesaccus forestomach chamber. Based on the analysis of literature data for aD, we also found that quadripartite species achieved higher fibre digestibility at similar dietary fibre levels compared with tripartite species, supporting the hypothesis that the additional gut capacity offered by the praesaccus facilitates a longer retention and hence more thorough microbial fermentation of plant fibre.

The effect of diet and frequency of watering on rumen degradability and outflow rate of low-quality veld hay and dry-matter apparent digestibility in steers given food at maintenance

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sibanda ◽  
P. R. Hatendi ◽  
F. M. Mulenga ◽  
P. Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Degradation Pattern ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Access To Water

AbstractThe effect of water restriction on rumen degradability and outflow rate of low quality veld hay and dry-matter apparent digestibility was investigated in four rumen cannulated Tuli × Friesian steers (mean weight 329 (s.d. 36·6) kg) given food at maintenance (metabolizable energy allowance (maintenance) (MJ) = 8·3 + 0·091 M). Two diets with 20: 80 (low, L) and 80:20 (high, H) roughage to concentrate ratios were used in combination with free access to water for 2·5 h once daily or once every 3rd day. A 4 × 4 Latin-square design with a 2 (diets) × 2 (watering frequencies) factorial arrangement of treatments was used.The degradation pattern of veld hay was not affected by the type of diet and the watering frequency. Although the effective degradabilities of hay in steers given the two diets were low (177 and 258 g/kg for L and H, respectively), they were significantly different (P < 0·05) from each other. However, watering frequency did not affect the effective degradability of hay (218 and 217 g/kg). While the low roughage diet had a higher rumen outflow rate for Crmordanted hay than the high roughage diet (0·047 per h and 0·031 per h), this was not statistically significant. The same outflow rate was obtained for the two watering frequencies (0·039 per h).

Some water and dry-matter relationships in the food and droppings of laying hens

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
The Other ◽  
Typical Pattern ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Water Output ◽  
The One ◽  
Metabolic Water

1. An experiment with one non-laying and four laying hens was carried out. Food and water consumption was measured hourly from 06.00 to 22.00 hr. and in the same period the exact time of each excretion was noted. Determinations of water and dry matter were made on each separate excretion.2. Each bird showed a typical pattern of behaviour in relation to the time of day when it ate food and drank water. For any one bird, variations of this pattern from day to day were small.3. For each bird there was a highly significant relationship between water intake and temperature on the one hand, and water excretion via droppings and eggs on the other. Water intake, however, had a far greater influence than had temperature on water output.4. Calculations showed that, despite errors caused by not knowing the amount of metabolic water produced, the excretion from the lungs varied greatly from bird to bird on constant intakes of water and also in the same bird at different intakes.

scholarly journals Voluntary ingestion of wood shavings by obese horses under dietary restriction

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (S1) ◽  
pp. S178-S182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma C. Curtis ◽  
Clare F. Barfoot ◽  
Alexandra H. A. Dugdale ◽  
Patricia A. Harris ◽  
Caroline McG. Argo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Time Spent Feeding

Dietary restriction for the weight-loss management of obese horses limits the natural trickle-feeding behaviour. During feed restriction, wood shavings are often advised as bedding to prevent dietary supplementation from non-feed sources. Data from twelve overweight/obese horses and ponies of mixed breed and sex, bedded on wood shavings during 16 weeks of feed restriction, were retrospectively evaluated. DM intake (DMI) was restricted to 1·25 % of body mass (BM) daily. Animals were randomly assigned to one of two diets (hay/chaff, n 6; hay/balancer meal, n 6). BM was recorded weekly. Feeding behaviour was recorded by continual observation over 24 h during week 15. The apparent digestibility (gross energy (GE), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and DM) of feed was determined for all animals by total faecal collection (72 h, week 16). Rates of weight loss were independent of diet type, DM (R2 0·15), GE (R2 0·20) and ADF digestibilities (R2 0·18). Despite similar DMI, faecal DM ranged between 0·52 and 1·16 % of BM daily and was associated with wide ranges in apparent digestibility (GE − 11·34 to 53·08 %; ADF − 50·37 to 42·83 % and DM 2·14 to 57·32 %), which were improbably low for some animals. Apparent digestibilities were associated with DM output (GE R2 0·96; ADF R2 0·99 and DM R2 0·99) and time spent feeding (GE R2 0·62; DM R2 0·61 and ADF R2 0·59), indicating that feed intake was supplemented with wood shavings in at least five of the twelve animals. Quantities of wood shavings ingested (negligible to >3·0 kg/d) were back-calculated from predicted feed digestibilities. All animals remained healthy. Implications of ‘feed-bulking/energy dilution’ for feed-restricted animals need further consideration.

Effects of caecectomy and dietary antibiotics on the digestibility of dry matter and amino acids in poultry feeds determined by excreta analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
YC Raharjo ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hind Gut ◽  
Micro Organisms

Digestibility measurements were made with caecectomized or intact adult cockerels offered diets containing maize, or equal amounts of maize and one of six protein concentrates, with and without antibiotics. Dietary antibiotics reduced micro-organisms to less than 2x 103/g dry excreta. Caecectomy and the addition of antibiotics to the diet reduced dry matter digestibility on average by 9% compared with intact birds on diets without antibiotics. The greatest reduction was 20% for soybean meal. The mean apparent digestibility of several amino acids showed no significant change due to caecectomy and/or inclusion of antibiotics in the diets, while that of isoleucine showed an increase. For other amino acids, the response was variable and within each protein supplement, the response of individual amino acids was also variable. The lowest mean digestibility for lysine was 0.63 in cottonseed meal and the highest was 0 92 for fish meal. It was concluded that, although excreta analysis may not always be a reliable method for determining amino acid digestibility of feeds, neither method used to reduce microflora in the hind gut was consistently effective. It was unclear whether this was due to the nature of the protein source or to the inability of the methods used to suppress microbial activity in the hind gut.

Straw degradability as a predictor of intake and growth rate in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yalçin ◽  
A. Şehu ◽  
A. G. Önol
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Male Sheep

AbstractThe dry-matter (DM) intake and growth rate in male lambs were predicted from rumen degradability characteristics, rumen DM losses at different times, neutral- or acid-detergent fibre (NDF or ADF) contents and DM apparent digestibility of roughages. Four different straws consisting of wheat, barley, oat and rice were each offered ad libitum to 24 Merino male lambs with 200 glday concentrate for 4 weeks to determine DM intake and growth rate. Apparent digestibilities of the straws were measured with three Merino male sheep. Measurements were made during the last 10 days of each 20-day period. The degradation characteristics of the straws were measured by incubating samples in nylon bags for 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in the rumens of three Merino male sheep fitted with rumen cannulae. The exponential model p = a + b(l - er^) was fitted to the data. Potential degradabilities of DM (defined as a + b) and apparent digestibilities of DM ranged from 530 to 679 and 440 to 560 g/kg, respectively. The mean DM intake of the straws varied from 543 to 745 glday, the digestible DM intake from 236 to 417 glday and growth rate from 17 to 95 glday. Using the degradation characteristics A, B and c in a multiple regression analysis, the correlation coefficients with DM intake and growth rate were 0·79 and 0·70, respectively. NDF and ADF were related to DM intake (i = 0·65; r = 0·64) and growth rate (r = 0·55; r = 0·56). The correlation coefficient between DM apparent digestibility and DM intake was 0·76. It is concluded that the rumen degradation characteristics have potential for predicting intake of straws and growth rate in sheep.

APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF TOWER AND CANDLE RAPESEED MEALS BY HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Four Holstein bull calves, 18–20 wk of age and averaging 190 kg were used to determine the apparent digestibility of soybean meal (SBM), Tower and Candle rapeseed meals (RSM). Diets containing the RSM were lower (P < 0.05) in dry matter (DM) digestibility than the SBM diet. Apparent digestibilities of DM, acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and energy were not different (P > 0.05) among the three oil meals. However, the rapeseed meals tended to result in lower DM and energy digestibilities compared to that of the SBM sample. Apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the SBM than the Candle RSM and similar to Tower RSM. However, the data would suggest that the differences in apparent protein digestion coefficients are due to differences in protein contents of the experimental diets and the daily N consumption by the calves.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document