scholarly journals PSVI-20 Impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of new crop corn silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Coleman G Reedy ◽  
Joan Butler ◽  
Ilkyu Yoon ◽  
Tom Oelberg ◽  
Tracy Werner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Front Edge ◽  
Serum Bottle ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
New Crop

Abstract Dairy cows fed silage towards the front edge of a bunker have shown decreased performance often referred to as the new crop corn silage slump. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product, NutriTek® (NutriTek), on in vitro volatile fatty acid (VFA) production using new crop corn silage collected at various distances from the front edge of the bunker as substrate. Silage was sampled at 1.8, 3.6 and 7.2 m from the front edge of the bunker by taking the entire face of the silage and mixing. NutriTek was added to each serum bottle relative to the recommended feeding rate of 19 g/d along with 0.3 g of silage as substrate. Each serum bottle was inoculated with 40 mL of buffered rumen fluid from cows on a diet consisting of 70% forage and 30% concentrate and was incubated for 24 h. Ten replicates were run per treatment. After incubation, VFA production was measured. Data were analyzed using the GLM model of JMP. Means were compared using Tukey test and significance was defined as P < 0.05. There was a linear trend of decreasing silage pH as sample depth increased; 4.01 at 1.8 m, 3.71 at 3.6 m, and 3.56 at 7.2 m. Results showed that VFA production was reduced for 1.8 m sample compared to the 3.6 m and 7.2 m samples (Table 1). NutriTek was able to improve acetate, propionate, and total VFA production over Control at all corn silages tested (Table 2). In addition, NutriTek showed the ability to elevate VFA production of the 1.8 m sample to Control samples at 3.6 and 7.2 m. In conclusion, NutriTek could be a management tool to address the performance slump of dairy cows when transitioning to a new crop corn silage.

scholarly journals Changes in the In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Diets for Dairy Cows Based on Selected Sorghum Cultivars Compared to Maize, Rye and Grass Silage

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Ewa Pecka-Kiełb ◽  
Dorota Miśta ◽  
Bożena Króliczewska ◽  
Andrzej Zachwieja ◽  
Maja Słupczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
The Impact

An in vitro experiment was conducted to determine the impact of silage produced from selected varieties of sorghum on the microbial fermentation profile of cows’ ruminal fluid. To determine the main microbial fermentation products, ruminal fluid samples were obtained from Polish Holstein–Friesian cows. Serum bottles were filled with 80 mL of ruminal samples, and 1 g of one of the following substrates was added: corn silage (CS), grass silage (GS), rye silage (RS), sorghum silage (sweet) (SS1), sorghum silage (grain) (SS2) or sorghum silage (dual-purpose) (SS3). The serum bottles were flushed with CO2 and fermented for 8 and 24 h at 39 °C. After incubation, the obtained gas and rumen fluid were then analysed to determine the methane and volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents using gas chromatography. The use of sorghum silage (SS) resulted in a decrease in the total concentration VFA concentration in the ruminal fluid compared with the use of other silages, especially GS. Moreover, the ruminal fluid contained a lower molar proportion of propionic and butyric acids when SS was used compared with CS. The butyric acid proportion was higher in SS samples than in RS samples. The differences in chemical composition between sorghum varieties did not influence the rumen VFA concentration or profile. A decrease in gas production, but without effects on methanogenesis, was observed when SS was used compared with GS and CS. The analysis demonstrates the physiological processes of fermentation in the rumen, as evidenced by the products of microbial fermentation. The main advantage is that the addition of SS, irrespective of the plant variety, reduced fermentation gas production in the ruminal fluid compared with CS. The silage of the analyzed sorghum varieties may be used in the diets of dairy cows as a substitute for corn and grass silages.

scholarly journals Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Culture on Ruminal Fermentation, Blood Metabolism, and Performance of High-Yield Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Sun ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Erdan Wang ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Basal Ration

High-yield dairy cows with high-concentrate diets are more prone to experiencing health problems associated with rumen microbial imbalance. This study assessed the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture (SC), a food supplement, on ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), inflammatory cytokines, and performance of high-yield dairy cows. Forty Holstein cows with similar characteristics (e.g., milk yield, days of milk, and parity) were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group fed the basal ration supplemented with the SC of 100 g of SC per cow per day (hour, SC group), and a control group fed the same basal ration diet without SC (i.e., CON group). On average, the supplementation of SC started at 73 days of lactation. The experimental period lasted approximately 70 days (from 18 January to 27 March 2020), including 10 days for dietary adaptation. Milk yield was recorded daily. Rumen fluid and milk samples were collected after 2 h of feeding in the morning of day 0, 15, 30, and 60. The data showed that rumen pH increased (p < 0.05) when cows were provided with SC. On average, the cows in the SC group produced 1.36 kg (p < 0.05) more milk per day than those in the CON group. Milk fat content of cows in the SC group was also higher (4.11% vs. 3.96%) (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the concentration of acetic acid in the rumen fluid of dairy cows in the SC group was significantly higher (p < 0.05). There were no differences (p > 0.05) found in milk protein content and propionic acid between groups. The SC group had a tendency increase in butyric acid (p = 0.062) and total VFA (p = 0.058). The result showed that SC supplementation also enhanced the ratio between acetic and propionic. Most of the mean inflammatory cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, γ-IFN, and TNF-α) concentrations (p < 0.05) of the SC group were lower than CON group. This study demonstrated that high-yield cows receiving supplemental SC could produce more milk with higher fat content, have higher rumen acetate, and potentially less inflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals PSVI-42 Effect of increasing concentrations of aflatoxins (AFB1) on rumen gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance and fermentation parameters using the in vitro ANKOM gas technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Marden ◽  
Virginie Marquis ◽  
Kheira Hadjeba Medjdoub ◽  
Marine Lacombe
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Cheese Cloth

Abstract Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species known to be the most prevalent contaminants in feedstuffs. In ruminants, contaminated AFB1 feeds usually exhibit symptoms including reduced feed efficiency and milk production and decreased appetite. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of AFB1 on rumen fermentation parameters by using the ANKOM gas production protocol. Rumen fluid was collected from a cannulated dry dairy cow, filtered with cheese-cloth and diluted (1:1) with a standard buffer. Triplicates of 75 mL flasks were fed 0,75g of feed (79% corn silage, 15% alfalfa and 6% concentrates) and inoculated with 0 (blank), 0,2, 0,5, 1 and 2 ppm of AFB1. Flasks were placed in a rotating incubation at 39°C for 96h and connected to ANKOM GP system. After 96h of incubation, the contents of each flask were centrifuged. Supernatants were analyzed for total VFA and AFB1 while precipitates were dried at 104°C for DM disappearance. The experimentation was repeated weekly 3 times and named wk1, 2 and 3. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS using a univariate model. Results showed no significant differences on GP max at 96h among AFB1 concentrations. Only wk 1 showed that higher AFB1 concentration (2 ppm) decreased significantly (P &lt; 0,05) DM disappearance (- 8,2 pts) when compared to the blank. Total VFA contents (75,0 ± 1,6 mM) were not affected by AFB1. Wk 2 and 3 did not show any difference neither on DM disappearance nor on VFA (89,1 ± 1,6 mM; 110,2 ± 4,8 mM). It can be concluded that our in vitro model, GP did not reflect DM disappearance and it can be put forward that rumen fluid with low total VFA concentrations (≤ 75 mM) could be more sensible to AFB1 challenge.

RESPONSE OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS TO FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED SOYBEAN MEAL WHEN FED WITH CONTROL OR UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER ◽  
S. MAHADEVAN ◽  
R. M. TEATHER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Corn Silage

In two experiments, lactating cows (26 in exp. 1; 32 in exp. 2) were fed an 11.3% crude protein (CP) diet, a 14.7% CP diet containing untreated soybean meal (SBM) or a 14.6% CP diet containing formaldehyde-treated SBM (FSBM), all three fed as a complete blended diet with control corn silage (CCS) (exp. 1); a 12% CP diet, a 13.4% CP diet containing SBM or a 13.3% CP diet containing FSBM, all fed as a complete blended diet with urea-treated corn silage (UCS) (exp. 2). In both experiments concentrates and CCS or UCS were mixed (50:50 dry matter) daily and fed ad lib for a 16-wk period. The increase of CP over the low CP negative control by addition of untreated SBM resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in milk production in both experiments. The addition of FSBM had no significant effect. When comparing solids-corrected milk (SCM), addition of SBM, whether treated or not, significantly increased SCM in both experiments. In neither experiment did FSBM improve milk production over untreated SBM. All animals fed CCS lost body weight but there was no difference between treatments. For animals fed UCS the low CP group lost significantly (P < 0.05) more body weight than did the group fed FSBM. Dry matter (DM) intake was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for the FSBM fed group than for the group fed untreated SBM in exp. 1 (CCS). DM intake was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by either FSBM or SBM over the low CP control fed UCS. Milk protein was the only component significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by FSBM in exp. 1. Isobutyric and isovaleric acids were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in rumen fluid of animals on FSBM plus CCS. Rumen microbial protein content seemed to be more adversely affected by FSBM with CCS than UCS. Amino acid content of FSBM and SBM demonstrated that lysine and tyrosine were lost from SBM after treatment with formaldehyde. The lack of a response in milk production to FSBM is discussed in terms of a lysine and tyrosine deficiency for milk protein synthesis and the adverse effect that formaldehyde protection of SBM may have on the rumen microbial population. Key words: Lactation, dairy cows, urea, corn silage, soybean meal, formaldehyde treatment

160 CONCEPTION RATES FOLLOWING TREATMENT OF LACTATING HOLSTEIN RECIPIENTS WITH A GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (GnRH) ANALOGUE AT THE TIME OF TRANSFER OF OVUM PICK-UP/IVF-DERIVED EMBRYOS

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
T. L. C. Pinto ◽  
J. N. S. Sales ◽  
R. R. Carvalho ◽  
T. M. França ◽  
J. C. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Gnrh Analogues ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

The use of lactating dairy cows as ovum pick-up (OPU)/IVF-derived embryo recipients in large-scale embryo transfer programs may be limited by the effects of low progesterone concentrations on the uterine environment and subsequent embryo development. It was hypothesized that the injection of a GnRH analogue on the day of embryo transfer would induce ovulation and formation of an accessory corpus luteum, increasing progesterone concentrations and, as a result, conception rates. An experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of two different GnRH analogues injected IM on the day of embryo transfer on conception rates of lactating Holstein recipients. Oestrus was not synchronized and was detected continuously by multiple observers during the day and in the evening until midnight. Recipient days in milk varied from 45 to 150, daily milk production ranged from 20 to 45 kg, body condition scores and age ranged from 2.5 to 4.5 and 2.5 to 5.5 years, respectively. Herd pregnancy rates after the first artificial insemination ranged from 15% to 70%, considering the period the experiment was conducted. Embryos were produced by standard in vitro techniques following OPU on Holstein donors. Lactating Holstein recipients (n = 224) were allocated randomly to one of three treatment groups 7 days after detected oestrus: Control (n = 77) = vehicle; Buserelin (Sincroforte®, Ouro Fino, Sao Paulo, Brazil; n = 75) = 10 µg; and Deslorelin (Sincrorrelin®, Ouro Fino; n = 72) = 750 µg. Embryos were transferred nonsurgically 6 to 8 days after observed oestrus. Pregnancy was detected by ultrasonography between 62 and 72 days after embryo transfer. Percent pregnant data were analyzed as a binomial distribution under the GENMOD procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Conception rates were similar (P = 0.13) between Control (28%, 22/77), Buserelin (24%, 18/75), and Deslorelin (38%, 28/72) treatment groups. These data demonstrate that conception rates from in vitro produced embryos transferred to lactating dairy cows are not improved by treatment with a GnRH analogue on the day of transfer. Although not critically tested, results indicate that adequate conception rates may be obtained in commercial dairy operations from OPU/IVF-derived embryos, adding an important management tool for reproduction and animal breeding enhancement.

EVALUATION OF THE TWO-STAGE TECHNIQUE FOR THE IN VITRO ESTIMATION OF THE DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY OF CORN SILAGE

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BOILA ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Incubation Tube

The two-stage Tilley and Terry technique (incubation with rumen fluid followed by an acid-pepsin digest), used to estimate dry matter (DM) digestibility of forages in vitro, was evaluated with oven-dried corn silage as a substrate. The effect of weight of substrate (100–3000 mg), continuous shaking of incubations for the period of incubation with rumen fluid, number of bacteria present in the inoculum, and the contribution of bacterial dry matter to residual feed DM was measured. Percent dry matter digested decreased linearly as weight of substrate per incubation tube increased. Continuous shaking, as opposed to intermittent mixing (twice daily) during incubation with rumen fluid, increased the rate of DM disappearance and resulted in higher digestibility coefficients. Both the volume of inoculum and the number of bacteria present in that volume of inoculum influenced the percent DM digested. Bacteria contribute weight to residual feed DM unless steps are taken to remove them by centrifugation or solubilization.

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