scholarly journals PSVIII-5 Circulating serotonin (5-HT) concentrations are associated with failure of passive transfer in 3–5 day old dairy calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 255-255
Author(s):  
Gwyneth Knott ◽  
Samantha Weaver ◽  
Laura Hernandez ◽  
Theresa Ollivett ◽  
Catie Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Passive Transfer ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Calf morbidity and mortality continues to be a challenge for the dairy industry and failure of passive transfer (FPT) is associated with an increased risk of disease. Serotonin (5-HT) has recently been implicated in the dairy calf immune system, but further work is needed to investigate the precise role of 5-HT in calf health. The objective of this study was to determine if 5-HT serum concentration at 3–5 days of age was associated with FPT. Blood samples were collected from 3–5 d old dairy calves (n = 418). Blood serum was assessed for FPT (serum protein < 5.5 g/dL) and analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit to determine circulating 5-HT concentrations. The mean (± SD) 5-HT concentration was 2574 (±1007) ng/mL. A logistic regression was used to determine if FPT (outcome; n = 124/418) was associated with 5-HT concentration (predictor; low < 2502 ng/mL, high= ≥ 2502 ng/mL). The model controlled for sex, breed (Holstein or Jersey), colostrum type (replacer or pasteurized), and dystocia (hard pull/surgical delivery). Sex, colostrum type, breed, and dystocia were not associated with FPT (P > 0.05). Calves with low serum 5-HT concentrations had a 2.7 (95% CI: 1.2–7.1) greater odds of having FPT compared to calves with high serum 5-HT concentrations (P = 0.04). Higher serum 5-HT concentrations were associated with successful passive transfer, but the causal pathway is unknown. Therefore, further investigation regarding 5-HT at different time points during calfhood should be explored as a potential way to reduce FPT in neonatal dairy calves.

scholarly journals Serum Procalcitonin Level and Mortality Risk in Critically ill Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1967-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Shumei Li
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Procalcitonin Level ◽  
Increased Risk

Background/Aims: The prognostic role of serum procalcitonin level in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia was unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between serum procalcitonin level and mortality risk in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Methods: Data of critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia were retrospectively collected. Demographics, comorbidities, and serum procalcitonin level were extracted from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was mortality within two months after diagnosis. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the prognostic role of serum procalcitonin level in those patients. Results: A total of 115 critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia were enrolled in our study. Serum procalcitonin level was not associated with age, gender, or other comorbidities. Univariate Cox regression model showed that high serum procalcitonin level was associated increased risk of morality within 2 months after diagnosis (OR = 2.32, 95% CI 1.25-4.31, P = 0.008). Multivariable Cox regression model showed that high serum procalcitonin level was independently associated increased risk of morality within 2 months after diagnosis (OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.26-4.50, P = 0.008). Conclusion: High serum procalcitonin level is an independent prognostic biomarker of mortality risk in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia, and it's a promising biomarker of prognosis in critically ill patients.

scholarly journals Zinc deficiency may play a crucial role in dialysis-associated bacterial infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e9-e9
Author(s):  
Zahra Lotfi ◽  
Abbas Ali Zeraati ◽  
Elaheh Dashti ◽  
Tina Zeraati ◽  
Maryam Arghiany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Systemic bacterial infections are a common cause of mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients. Zinc has a critical role in several immune system functions. Patients who have enough amounts of zinc are able to better face infections caused by various pathogens in comparison to those with zinc insufficiency Objective We sought to assess the role of zinc deficiency in dialysis-associated bacterial infections. Patients and Methods: Eighty-Three adult patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis including 43 patients with bacterial infectious complications and 40 non-infected patients as well as 41 healthy individuals were enrolled. Clinical data, laboratory values including serum zinc level and imaging findings were collected. SPSS was utilized to analyze the data with a significance cutoff set at P < 0.05. Results: Out of 124 participants, 80 (64.51%) were males and 44 (35.49%) were females. The mean age of infected hemodialysis group, non-infected hemodialysis group, and healthy controls were 50.8 ± 16.25, 49.1 ± 18.1, and 56.3 ± 18.2 years, respectively. Catheter site infection (37.3%) and urinary tract infection (30.2%) were the most common infections. The mean serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in the infected patients, compared to non-infected patients and healthy individuals (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The ESRD patients on hemodialysis have lower serum zinc levels which are associated with increased risk of bacterial infection. The role of screening for zinc deficiency and use of supplemental zinc in these patients need to be studied.

scholarly journals Risk factors for poor colostrum quality and failure of passive transfer in Scottish dairy calves

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alexandra Haggerty ◽  
Colin Mason ◽  
Kathryn Ellis ◽  
Katharine Denholm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Economic Implications

Abstract Failure of passive transfer (FPT) has health, welfare and economic implications for calves. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of 370 dairy calf serum samples from 38 Scottish dairy farms was measured via radial immunodiffusion (RID) to determine FPT prevalence. IgG concentration, total bacteria count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) of 252 colostrum samples were also measured. A questionnaire was completed at farm enrollment to investigate risk factors for FPT and poor colostrum quality at farm-level. Multivariable mixed effect logistic and linear regressions were carried out to determine significant risk factors for FPT and colostrum quality. Prevalence of FPT at calf level was determined to be 14.05%. Of 252 colostrum samples, 111 (44.05%) failed to meet Brix thresholds for colostrum quality. Of these 28 and 38 samples also exceeded TBC and TCC thresholds, respectively. Increased time between parturition and colostrum harvesting was numerically (non-significantly) associated with a colostrum Brix result <22%, and increased time spent in a bucket prior to feeding or storing was significantly associated with high TBC (≥100 000 cfu/ml and also ≥10 000 cfu/ml). High TBC values in colostrum were significantly associated with lower serum IgG concentrations. This study highlights associations between colostrum quality and FPT in dairy calves as well as potential risk factors for reduced colostrum quality; recommending some simple steps producers can take to maximise colostrum quality on farm.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN 1β GENE POLYMORPHISM IN DEVELOPMENT OF PREDOMINANTY SENSORY CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
T. E. Popova ◽  
N. A. Shnayder ◽  
M. M. Petrova ◽  
A. A. Tappakhov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Krasnoyarsk Region ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
T Locus ◽  
Il1b Gene

The aim of the present study was a search for associations between the polymorphic allelic variants 3954 C>T (rs1143644) and -511C>T (rs16944) of IL1B gene in the patients with sensory predominant chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies (SP-CIDP) from Krasnoyarsk Region and the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. A total of 95 people were examined, having been divided into 2 groups according to their residence. The first group consisted of 42 patients living in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. The second group included 53 patients living in the Krasnoyarsk Region. It was revealed that the carriers of homozygous CC genotype in the 3954C>T locus were more often detected in patients from the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, and the carriage of TT genotype is found exclusively in the patients from Krasnoyarsk Region. When comparing the different genotype frequencies in the -511CT locus, we did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients. Presence of the CC genotype of the 3954C>T locus was associated with a significantly increased risk of disease in the patients from Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, while carrying CT and TT genotypes at the locus 3954C>T and the TT genotype at the locus -511C>T, is associated with increased risk disorder among patients of the Krasnoyarsk Region. The frequency of carriage of various genotypes in the 3954C>T and -511C>T loci of the IL1B gene was prevalent among the patients from the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, the association of genotypes of CC/CT prevailed in patients from the Krasnoyarsk Region (p = 0.005), as well as prevalence of CC/CC and CC/CT (p = 0.023). However, there was no statistically significant difference in occurrence of individual genotypes between the two study groups. When analyzing the carrier frequency of high-producing alleles of 3954C and -511C in patients with SP-CIDP, it was shown that they were significantly more common among patients from the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic and patients from the Krasnoyarsk Region than the low-producing 3954T and -511T alleles. Moreover, the 3954C allele was more often found in the Yakut group (p = 0.001), and in the -511C allele for the Krasnoyarsk group of patients (p = 0.05). The presence of 3954C and -511C alleles increases the risk of SP-CIDP development in patients from the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, as well as carriage of 3954T allele in patients from the Krasnoyarsk Region.

P–349 Does concomitant autoimmunity affect IVF/ICSI outcomes in women with endometriosis? A retrospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rebecchi ◽  
N Salmeri ◽  
C Patruno ◽  
R Villanacci ◽  
P Rover Querini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Icsi Outcomes

Abstract Study question To investigate differences in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) outcomes between endometriosis women who do or don’t have a concomitant autoimmune disease. Summary answer Despite a higher oocyte yield, a trend for reduction in clinical pregnancy rates was observed in the autoimmunity group compared to women without concomitant autoimmunity. What is known already Endometriosis is an inflammatory chronic gynaecological disorder with a known detrimental impact on fertility. Endometriosis pathogenesis is still unclear. It has been postulated a role of both innate and adaptive immune system. The coexistence of endometriosis and autoimmunity is a well-documented occurrence Some recent findings have revealed an increased risk to have concomitant autoimmune disease in women with endometriosis, but no study has so far investigated whether this association could affect IVF/ICSI outcomes. Indeed, autoimmune phenomena, including proinflammatory cytokines and auto-antibody production, may result in diminished quality of oocytes/embryos with lower pregnancy rates among these patients. Study design, size, duration This was a retrospective observational study carried out at the Fertility Unit of IRCSS San Raffaele Hospital (Milan). We reviewed medical patients’ notes of women with a confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis who referred to our Fertility Unit from October 2018 to January 2021. Participants/materials, setting, methods Out of 1441 patients undergoing IVF/ICSI, 98 women had surgical/histopathological diagnosis of endometriosis. 25 of them had a clinical and/or serological diagnosis of autoimmunity. Autoimmunity was assessed by clinical data (blood tests for auto-antibodies or rheumatological records) obtained from the electronic patient files stored in the database of our Fertility Centre. Clinical pregnancy was defined as the presence of at least one intrauterine gestational sac with a viable embryo at week 6 after transfer. Main results and the role of chance 25/98 (25.5%) endometriosis women with a concomitant autoimmune disease (cases) were compared with 73/98 (74.5%) endometriosis patients without autoimmunity (controls). The mean age was 37.36±3.63 and 36.93±3.79 (p=.623) in cases and controls respectively. The mean number of oocytes retrieved was higher in cases (5.78±4.07) than in controls (3.82±2.69;p=.041); similarly, cases showed an higher number of embryos (2.13±1.93 vs. 1.19±1.37;p=.041) and blastocysts (1.89±2.02 vs. 0.85±1.61;p=.041) obtained. A total of 47 fresh embryo transfer (ET) were performed. Considering all the endometriosis patients, the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per cycle was 34.0% (16/47); when stratifying for the presence of autoimmunity the CPR was 23.1% (3/13) in cases, and 38.2% (13/34) in controls (p=.494). Limitations, reasons for caution This is a retrospective study based on data extraction from electronic records of our Fertility Centre. The sample size is limited and some information about past medical history could be missed. Results should be interpreted with caution until validated by future research providing more standardized data collection. Wider implications of the findings: Despite significantly higher numbers of oocytes retrieved and embryos/blastocysts formed, the presence of concomitant autoimmune disease in patients with endometriosis may impair pregnancy rates. Whether this finding is confirmed and whether it could be due to a defect in embryo/blastocysts quality or in endometrial receptivity deserves further studies. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Evidence of an oncogenic role of aberrant TOX activation in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanshen Huang ◽  
Ming-Wan Su ◽  
Xiaoyan Jiang ◽  
Youwen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Disease Specific Mortality ◽  
Sézary Cells ◽  
Disease Specific

Key Points TOX is aberrantly expressed in primary Sézary cells and its levels correlate with increased risk of disease-specific mortality. TOX knockdown promotes apoptosis and reduces cell proliferation in CTCL cells, partially through inducing p27 and p57.

Control of BRD in large dairy calf populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry W. Lehenbauer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Economies Of Size ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

AbstractBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves. As the number of calves being raised on the dairy farm or at a calf-raising operation has become larger, both opportunity and risk have increased. Opportunities for applying economies of size and scale exist in these large dairy calf populations while meeting specific needs of the dairy calf. BRD control requires effective biosecurity and biocontainment efforts, adequate passive transfer of immunoglobulins, a strategic immunization program, and appropriate diagnostic strategies for ongoing disease surveillance. These components are necessary to achieve an evidence-based approach for preventing and reducing severity of BRD cases. Proper nutrition, housing, and environmental management are important for achieving optimal dairy calf health and performance. Good record keeping and analysis of outcomes are needed to document dairy calf health and performance and to efficiently identify new problems that require attention in these large dairy calf populations. Proper management of calves to prevent and control BRD requires careful planning and follow through to achieve those results but will likely pay big dividends in improved calf health and future productivity.

scholarly journals Maternal obesity and severe preeclampsia among immigrant women: a mediation analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Siddiqui ◽  
C Deneux-Tharaux ◽  
D Luton ◽  
T Schmitz ◽  
L Mandelbrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Severe Preeclampsia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Place Of Birth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Prepregnancy Obesity ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Severe preeclampsia is known to be associated with both maternal place of birth and obesity. However, the role of prepregnancy obesity has not been well elucidated on the causal pathway between maternal origin and severe preeclampsia. We aimed to test for and quantify a mediation effect of obesity in this association. Methods A secondary analysis of the PreCARE prospective French cohort of pregnant women (n = 9,579). Adjusted path analysis logistic regression models tested for a mediation effect of obesity in the association between maternal place of birth and severe preeclampsia. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the total exposure-outcome association and for the direct and indirect/obesity-mediated components were calculated in addition to an estimate of the indirect/obesity-mediated effect. Results 95 (0.99%) women developed severe preeclampsia: 47.6% were non-European immigrants, 16.3% were born in Sub-Saharan Africa, and 12.6% were obese. Obesity was both associated with Sub-Saharan African place of birth and severe preeclampsia. Women from Sub-Saharan Africa had an increased risk of severe preeclampsia compared to European-born mothers (aOR 2.53, 95% CI 1.39-4.58). The obesity-mediated effect of the association was 18% (aOR 1.18, 95%CI 1.03-1.35). Conclusions Sub-Saharan African immigrant women have a two-fold higher risk of developing severe preeclampsia as compared to European-born women, one-fifth of which is mediated by prepregnancy obesity. Our results provide estimates of the benefit of decreasing obesity among at-risk women. Key messages Obesity, a modifiable risk factor, is a target for interventions to prevent severe preeclampsia among immigrant women from Sub-Saharan Africa. Future investigations should focus on better elucidating the role of other modifiable mediators such as interaction with the health care system and quality of prenatal care.

Association of interval appendectomy with risk of neoplasm.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 430-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Jason Furman ◽  
Mitchell Cahan ◽  
Philip Cohen ◽  
Giles Francis Whalen ◽  
Laura A. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Perforated Appendicitis ◽  
Interval Appendectomy ◽  
Resection Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucinous Neoplasms ◽  
Tertiary Care Institution ◽  
The Mean

430 Background: The role of interval appendectomy after conservative management of perforated appendicitis remains controversial. Determining the etiology of perforated appendicitis is one reason to perform interval appendectomies. This study hypothesizes that there is an increased rate of neoplasm in patients undergoing interval appendectomy. Methods: This is a retrospective review of all patients over 18 years of age who underwent appendectomy for presumed appendicitis from January, 2006 to December, 2010 at a single, tertiary care institution. Demographic data, pathologic diagnosis, clinico-pathologic characteristics, interval resection rate, and complication data were collected and analyzed. Results: During the study period, 376 patients underwent appendectomy. The mean age was 41 years (range 18 to 94). Interval appendectomy was performed in 18 patients (5.0%) (age 28 to 74). Neoplasms were identified in 14 patients (3.7 %); 6 were found in patients who had undergone interval appendectomy (33%). Nine were mucinous tumors (69.2%), 5 of which were associated with interval appendectomies. Neoplasms were identified in 8.3% of patients between 35 and 55 years old. Conclusions: Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix were found in 33% of patients undergoing interval appendectomy. Interval appendectomies should be considered in all patients 35 years and older due to increased risk of appendiceal neoplasm. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Giving calves 'the best start': Perceptions of colostrum management on dairy farms in England

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
LJ Palczynski ◽  
ECL Bleach ◽  
ML Brennan ◽  
PA Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Professional Advice ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Newborn Calves

Good colostrum management can confer protective immunity to newborn calves, making calves less susceptible to infectious disease, and fundamentally improving both their short- and long-term health, welfare and productivity. Industry recommendations commonly refer to 'The Three 'Q's' of colostrum management: the need for calves to receive sufficient 'Quantity' of high 'Quality' colostrum 'Quickly' after birth; some also include 'sQueaky clean' and 'Quantification of passive transfer'. However, research to date suggests that the failure of passive transfer of colostral antibodies is common on commercial dairy farms, contributing to sub-optimal calf health and mortality. This paper explores why this may be the case by investigating stakeholder perceptions of colostrum management and how these perceptions might affect the practice of ensuring adequate colostrum administration to newborn calves. Calf rearing and youngstock management practices on English dairy farms were investigated using 40 in-depth semi-structured interviews: 26 with dairy farmers and 14 with advisors (including veterinarians, feed and pharmaceutical company representatives). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically coded for analysis. 'The Three 'Q's' were found to act as useful reminders about the goals of colostrum management, and a case can be made for further publicising the inclusion of 'sQueaky clean' and 'Quantification of passive transfer' as there remains a lack of focus on colostrum hygiene and measurement of successful antibody transfer. Knowledge of the 'Q's' did not guarantee implementation, and time and labour constraints alongside farmer misconceptions must be addressed when offering professional advice on improving calf health. Further research to encourage on-farm collection and analysis of monitoring data including rates of passive transfer is particularly needed. Advisors must not overlook the importance of colostrum management when assessing farm practices and ensure that they promote evidence-based recommendations if dairy calf morbidity and mortality is to be reduced.

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