scholarly journals Comparison of performance of F1 Romanov crossbred ewes with wool and hair breeds during spring lambing under intensive and extensive production systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad A Freking ◽  
Tom W Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
System P ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Sire Breed

Abstract Objective was to evaluate wool (Dorset and Rambouillet) and hair (Dorper, Katahdin, and White Dorper) breeds for their ability to complement Romanov germplasm in two distinct production systems by estimating direct sire and grandsire effects on lamb growth, survival, and ewe productivity traits. Rams of the five breeds (n=75) were mated to Romanov ewes (n=459) over a 3 yr period to produce five types of crossbred lambs (n=2739). Sire breed (P > 0.06) did not impact body weight (BW) or survival traits of the first generation crossbred (F1) lambs. Productivity of retained crossbred ewes (n=830) mated to Suffolk and Texel terminal sires was evaluated at 1, 2 and 3 years of age in each production system. In the intensive production system, labor and harvested feed were provided for sheep that lambed in March in barns and ewes were limited to rearing two lambs with additional lambs reared artificially. Ewes in the extensive production system lambed in May on pasture and were responsible for rearing all lambs born with no labor or supplemental feed provided before weaning. A total of 1,962 litters and 4,171 lambs from 2,229 exposures to two terminal sire breeds (Suffolk, Texel) was produced in the experiment. Crossbred ewes in the intensive production system were mated in October, resulting in larger litter sizes than crossbred ewes mated in December for the extensive production system. However, single and twin born lamb mortality was similar between the two systems that differed greatly in labor, feed, and facilities. Lambs produced in the intensive system received concentrate feed from an early age and were heavier at 24 wk of age than lambs produced in the extensive system. These outcomes resulted in greater 24-wk litter weight in the intensive than in the extensive system (P < 0.0001). Unexpectedly, the relative performance of crossbred types did not differ importantly between production systems. White Dorper x Romanov crossbred ewes had numerical advantages in productivity in each system, however differences between ewe types were not significant. In the extensive system, without labor and shelter at lambing or supplemental feed until weaning, 3-year-old crossbred ewes of all types averaged 1.78 lambs marketed per ewe lambing and 40% of the ewes that gave birth to triplets weaned their entire litters. These results document that prolific sheep and extensive systems can be successfully combined if appropriate crossbred types are used.

scholarly journals Economic viability of pitaya (Hylocereus sp.) Cultivation in Tomé-Açú Municipality, Pará State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
João Paulo Borges de Loureiro ◽  
Olivia Masako Hanawa Lima ◽  
Juliana De Sousa Farias ◽  
Adriana Paiva Dos Praseres Pires ◽  
Marcos Antônio Souza dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
Break Even Point

Pitaya (Hylorereus sp.) is a fruit from the botanical family Cactaceae, originally from Latin America. In Brazil, pitaya cultivation is promising due to the fruit’s reputation of being nutritious and having many uses. This study’s objective was to analyze the economic viability of two pitaya production systems in Tomé-Açu municipality, the largest producer of pitaya in the Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. The data were obtained through interviews with two producers, along with field observations of their production systems, which are representative of the cultivation norms in Tomé-Açu. The data were used to estimate the planting and maintenance costs for 1 ha of land using different cultivation methods, identified as: 1) extensive production system and 2) intensive production system. The two systems’ cash flows were estimated over a 20-year period, then analyzed to estimate the net present value, internal rate of return, benefit-cost index, payback period, and break-even point. The intensive production system was found to have a higher implementation cost, due to its irrigation system, while the extensive production system was found to have lower investment and maintenance costs. The economic viability indicators show that both production systems are economically viable, with the extensive production system being more attractive, especially for family farmers who cannot invest in expensive irrigation infrastructure and chemical inputs. In conclusion, the investment in pitaya cultivation is economically viable and constitutes an alternative to agricultural cultivation in Pará state, which can contribute to fruit diversification.

Toyota: Ohno’s Toyota Production System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brooker ◽  
Margaret Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Leadership Teams ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
New Production ◽  
Quantitative Calculation ◽  
Car Market ◽  
System P

Taiichi Ohno was never CEO of Toyota—rather he was part of dual-leadership teams—but his pioneering version of ‘lean’ production made significant contributions to Toyota’s success and to global manufacturing. The chapter’s first section also describes the pioneering contribution of Toyota founder, Kiichiro Toyoda, who invented the notion of just-in-time production in the 1930s. In the 1950s–60s Ohno’s emphasis on innovative adaptation—his key rational method—to Japan’s distinctive car market and factory environments would lead to a new production system. It included the internationally famous ‘just-in-time’, ‘continuous flow’, and Kanban information-system aspects of his production system. Ohno also used both strategic and quantitative calculation, particularly in his grand strategy of reducing cost/waste in production. The final section on ‘Toyotaism versus Fordism’ echoes Chapter 2’s and describes a rivalry between the American and Japanese production systems.

scholarly journals Influence of the Production System (Intensive vs. Extensive) at Farm Level on Proximate Composition and Volatile Compounds of Portuguese Lamb Meat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Noemí Echegaray ◽  
Rubén Domínguez ◽  
Vasco A. P. Cadavez ◽  
Roberto Bermúdez ◽  
Laura Purriños ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Production System ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
Lamb Meat

Today’s society demands healthy meat with a special emphasis on integrated animal husbandry combined with the concern for animal welfare. In this sense, the raising of lambs in an extensive system has been one of the most common practices, which results in meats with high nutritional value. However, both the production system and the diet play a fundamental role in the chemical composition of the meat, which has a direct impact on the content of volatile compounds. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of two production systems (intensive and extensive) on the chemical composition and volatile profile of lamb meat. Twenty-eight lambs of the Bordaleira-de-Entre-Douro-e-Minho (BEDM) sheep breed were raised for meat production under the intensive or extensive system and were fed with concentrate and pasture, respectively. All animals were carried out in the muscle longissimus thoracis et lumborum. Results evidenced that all the composition parameters were affected by the production system. Extensively-reared lambs produced meat with the highest fat and protein contents, while these animals had the lowest percentages of moisture and ash. Similarly, the total content of volatile compounds was affected (p < 0.05) by the production system and were higher in the meat of lambs reared extensively. Furthermore, the content of total acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, furans and sulfur compounds as well as most of the individual compounds were also affected (p < 0.05) by the production system, whereas total hydrocarbons and ketones were not affected (p > 0.05). As a general conclusion, the production system had very high influence not only in proximate composition but also in the volatile compounds.

scholarly journals Livestock Mobility Through Integrated Beef Production-Scapes Supports Rangeland Livestock Production and Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Barry
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Extensive Grazing ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
Inspection Data

Much of the world's rangelands contribute to food production through extensive grazing systems. In these systems, livestock producers, pastoralists, and ranchers move grazing animals to access variable feed and water resources to create value while supporting numerous other ecosystem services. Loss of mobility due to political, social, ecological, and economic factors is documented throughout the world and poses a substantial risk to rangeland livestock production and conservation of rangeland resources. The integration of production-scapes can facilitate livestock mobility through transportation and trade. This paper describes the beef cattle production system in California, where transporting and marketing animals integrate an extensive grazing system with intensive production systems, including feeding operations. Analysis of livestock inspection data quantifies the magnitude of livestock movements in the state and the scope of production-system integration. Over 500,000 head−47 percent of the state's calf crop—leave California rangelands and are moved to new pastures or feedyards seasonally over a 12 week period each year. Most ranchers in California, from small-scale producers (1 to 50 head) to larger producers (more than 5,000), participate in the integrated beef production system. Less than 1% of steers and heifers go from rangeland to meat processing. Like pastoralists, ranchers strategically move cattle around (and off) rangeland to optimize production within a variable climate. Ranchers indicate that their movements result from changes in forage quality and quantity and support their desire to manage for conservation objectives, including reducing fire fuels, controlling weeds, and managing for wildlife habitat. Inspection data, as well as direct observation, interviews, and surveys within the San Francisco Bay area, reveal the extent to which the region's ranchers rely on saleyards to facilitate the movement of cattle and integration of production systems. Saleyards and cattle buyers drive beef production efficiency by sorting, pricing, and moving cattle and matching them to feed resources in more intensive production systems. However, transactions lack traceability to inform policy and consumer choice. New data technologies like blockchain can provide traceability through integrated production-scapes and facilitate market development to support grazing landscapes and consumer choice.

Genetic resources to increase the profitability of crossbred lamb production

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
V. M. Ingham ◽  
L. McLeod ◽  
G. M. Gaunt ◽  
L. J. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Sire Breed

The gross margin returns of first cross ewes by different sires have been evaluated on an equivalent carrying capacity basis by taking account of the feed requirements for the ewes and lambs and their varying performance and requirements throughout the annual production cycle. The study involved 2846 crossbred ewe progeny generated by 91 maternal sires from several breeds at 3 sites over 3 years including genetic links. The ewes were joined to terminal sire rams for 3 years and 8878 of their second cross lamb carcasses were included in the evaluation. The annual gross margin (A$GM) for individual ewes included income from lamb carcasses (with fat and weight discounts), lamb skins and ewe wool production, and costs for management and marketing. Individual feed requirements were calculated for ewe maintenance, gestation, lactation and lamb growth (pre- and post-weaning) and $GM was expressed on a dry sheep equivalent (dse) basis. Sire breed was not significant with a range of $5.28 GM/dse between sire breed means. There was a considerably greater range of up to $15 GM/dse among most of the sire ewe progeny groups within breeds and overlap among all sire breeds. Lamb turnoff rate was the major profit driver with lamb growth rate and carcass fat levels also contributing. The opportunities for genetic improvement in profitability of lamb enterprises are discussed.

Influence of sex and terminal sire line on performance and carcass and meat quality of Iberian pigs reared under intensive production systems

Meat Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Serrano ◽  
D.G. Valencia ◽  
M. Nieto ◽  
R. Lázaro ◽  
G.G. Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
Terminal Sire

scholarly journals Soil Bacterial Community Diversity and Composition as Affected by Tillage Intensity Treatments in Corn-Soybean Production Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Shankar G. Shanmugam ◽  
Normie W. Buehring ◽  
Jon D. Prevost ◽  
William L. Kingery
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Production System ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Our understanding on the effects of tillage intensity on the soil microbial community structure and composition in crop production systems are limited. This study evaluated the soil microbial community composition and diversity under different tillage management systems in an effort to identify management practices that effectively support sustainable agriculture. We report results from a three-year study to determine the effects on changes in soil microbial diversity and composition from four tillage intensity treatments and two residue management treatments in a corn-soybean production system using Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Soil samples were collected from tillage treatments at locations in the Southern Coastal Plain (Verona, Mississippi, USA) and Southern Mississippi River Alluvium (Stoneville, Mississippi, USA) for soil analysis and bacterial community characterization. Our results indicated that different tillage intensity treatments differentially changed the relative abundances of bacterial phyla. The Mantel test of correlations indicated that differences among bacterial community composition were significantly influenced by tillage regime (rM = 0.39, p ≤ 0.0001). Simpson’s reciprocal diversity index indicated greater bacterial diversity with reduction in tillage intensity for each year and study location. For both study sites, differences in tillage intensity had significant influence on the abundance of Proteobacteria. The shift in the soil bacterial community composition under different tillage systems was strongly correlated to changes in labile carbon pool in the system and how it affected the microbial metabolism. This study indicates that soil management through tillage intensity regime had a profound influence on diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in a corn-soybean production system.

A New Procedure of Production Orders Sequencing in Mixed-Model Production Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 864-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zemczak ◽  
Damian Krenczyk
Keyword(s):  
Task Scheduling ◽  
Production System ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Task Sequence ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Sequencing Problem ◽  
Car Sequencing

The paper presents the task scheduling issue, which main aim is to establish a proper sequence of tasks, that would maximize the utilization of companys production capacity. According to the literature sources, the presented sequencing problem, denoted as CSP (Car Sequencing Problem) belongs to the NP-hard class, as has been proven by simple reduction from Hamiltonians Path problem. Optimal method of solution has not yet been found, only approximate solutions have been offered, especially from the range of evolutionary algorithms. Regardless of specific production system, while considering reception of new tasks into the system, current review of the state of the system is required in order to decide whether and when a new order can be accepted for execution. In this paper, the problem of task scheduling is limited to the specific existing mixed-model production system. The main goal is to determine the effective method of creation of task sequence. Through the use of computational algorithms, and automatic analysis of the resulting sequence, rates of production are able to be checked in a real time, and so improvements can be proposed and implemented.

scholarly journals Using Computer Simulation Method to Improve Throughput of Production Systems by Buffers and Workers Allocation

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kłos ◽  
Peter Trebuna
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Buffer Allocation ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Buffer Capacities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Support Decision Making

Abstract This paper proposes the application of computer simulation methods to support decision making regarding intermediate buffer allocations in a series-parallel production line. The simulation model of the production system is based on a real example of a manufacturing company working in the automotive industry. Simulation experiments were conducted for different allocations of buffer capacities and different numbers of employees. The production system consists of three technological operations with intermediate buffers between each operation. The technological operations are carried out using machines and every machine can be operated by one worker. Multi-work in the production system is available (one operator operates several machines). On the basis of the simulation experiments, the relationship between system throughput, buffer allocation and the number of employees is analyzed. Increasing the buffer capacity results in an increase in the average product lifespan. Therefore, in the article a new index is proposed that includes the throughput of the manufacturing system and product life span. Simulation experiments were performed for different configurations of technological operations.

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