Effect of ‘AU-Grazer’ Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) from Two Different Sources on Indicators of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Thomas H Terrill ◽  
Niki C Whitley ◽  
Chelsea Pulsifer ◽  
Greg Dykes ◽  
Phaneendra Batchu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism

Abstract Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) is considered a low input forage but has potential for improved animal performance with greater inputs. ‘AUGrazer’ SL hay grown under normal (NF; AL farm) or high-fertility (HF; SC farm) conditions were compared to a bermudagrass (BG; GA farm; Cynodon dactylon) hay diet in a 6-week feeding trial. Forty-five naturally parasite infected intact Spanish male goats 8–9 months old were used to investigate effects of NF (n = 15) and HF (n = 13) SL compared to BG hay (n = 13; CON) on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism. Hay and water were provided free choice. A commercial goat pellet was provided at 1.5% average body weight. Treatments were assigned for similar initial gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg count [FEC; 5029, 4749 and 4456 eggs per gram (EPG) for HF and NF SL and CON goats, respectively]. At the start of the study and then weekly, fecal samples were collected for determination of FEC and coccidia fecal oocyst counts (FOC). Body weights were recorded at the start and end of the trial. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS for repeated measures with inferences made on log-transformed data for FEC and FOC, and GLM used for gain data. Both FEC and FOC for NF and HF SL were different from CON at all time points after day 0 (P < 0.05). Final EPG were 949, 1411, and 3552 for HF and NF SL and CON goats, a reduction of 73.3% and 60.3% for HF and NF SL animals, respectively. Final OPG were 353, 1092, and 2417, with reductions of 85.4% and 54.8% for HF and NF SL goats, respectively. Average daily gain (ADG) was impacted by treatment, with HF SL higher (P < 0.001) than both NF SL and CON, which were similar. High-fertility SL improved animal performance while maintaining its anti-parasitic bioactivity.

Use of Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) as a Nutraceutical Forage for Livestock

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Thomas H Terrill ◽  
Niki C Whitley ◽  
Joan M Burke ◽  
James E Miller
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Grazing Tolerance ◽  
Eimeria Spp

Abstract Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) is a widely-adapted warm season perennial legume that can be used for grazing, hay, or as a conservation plant. Planted extensively for erosion control in the Southeast in the 1930s and 1940s, SL was considered an inexpensive, but relatively low-quality feed for livestock due to high fiber (thick stems) and tannin content. Over the last 60 yr, an SL breeding program at Auburn University resulted in release of improved cultivars with lower fiber (1960s), less tannin (1970s), and improved grazing tolerance (1990s), although interest in SL as a forage crop remained relatively low. This has changed recently as research over the last 10–15 yr has demonstrated the excellent bioactivity of this plant against infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (Haemonchus contortus) and protozoan parasites (Eimeria spp.) in livestock. This bioactivity, which has been attributed to a unique type of condensed tannins, has been confirmed in fresh (grazed), dried (hay, meal, pellets), and preserved (ensiled) forms of SL in a number of studies with sheep, goats, and cattle. The tannins in SL have also been reported to prevent bloat, reduce ruminal methane production, and kill housefly larvae in manure, further contributing to the renewed interest in SL as a nutraceutical (nutritional + pharmaceutical) forage for livestock. Animal performance of SL for cattle was described as similar to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) in a number of studies in the 1970s and 1980s, but more recent cattle performance data with SL are not available. A recent study with goats showed higher animal performance with no reduction in anti-parasitic bioactivity with well-fertilized SL compared with SL produced under normal (low-input) conditions. Future work on SL will focus on optimizing nutritional and bioactivity (nutraceutical) properties of this forage for different species of livestock.

Effect of ‘Serala’ Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) Hay on Gastrointestinal Parasite Fecal Egg and Oocysts Counts and Packed Cell Volume in Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 44-44
Author(s):  
Niki C Whitley ◽  
Tony Hazard ◽  
Chelsea Pulsifer ◽  
Phaneendra Batchu ◽  
Brou Kouakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

Abstract Fifty-two naturally parasite-infected intact male Spanish goats 6–7 mo of age were used in a 6-wk trial to investigate effects of ‘Serala’ (SER) sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism. Goats were individually housed in 1.5 x 1.5 m pens. Treatments were pure SER (n = 18) or ‘AU-Grazer’ (AUG; n = 16) varieties of SL or bermudagrass hay (n = 18; CON) at 75% of the ration. A corn-soybean meal-based supplement (25% of the ration) ensured isonitrogenous (17% crude protein), isocaloric diets. Diets were fed to 10% orts. Treatments were assigned for similar initial group mean fecal egg count (FEC). At the start of the study (D 0) and weekly thereafter, FEC and coccidia oocyst counts (FOC) were conducted via a modified McMaster’s technique [eggs per gram (epg); oocysts per gram (opg)], and percentage packed red blood cell volume (PCV) was measured via microhematocrit centrifugation. Data were analyzed using a mixed model for repeated measures. There was a treatment by time interaction (P < 0.001) for FEC. In week 1, SER and AUG were lower (P < 0.02) than CON and were higher than control at week 6 (AUG tendency only, P < 0.10; SER, P < 0.02). The FOC were impacted by treatment (P < 0.008), averaging 1977 ± 945 opg for AUG (lowest, P < 0.01), 3558 ± 876 opg for SER and 4164 ± 955 opg for CON (SER and CON similar). Percentage PCV tended (P < 0.09) to be influenced by a treatment by time interaction in which AUG and SER were similar over time, while PCV for CON animals was lower (P < 0.03) than D 0 at all sampling points after the first week. Overall, there was no effect of SER on FEC or FOC and no effect of AUG on FEC, though PCV was maintained throughout the study for both SL treatments.

scholarly journals PSX-23 Effect of feeding ‘Serala’ sericea lespedeza hay on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism in goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
Tony Hazard ◽  
Niki Whitley ◽  
Phaneendra Batchu ◽  
Chelsea Pulsifer ◽  
Brou Kouakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Weekly Sample ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Abstract Thirty-eight intact Spanish male goats 5–6 months old and 26.1 ± 0.16 kg BW were used in a 7-week trial to investigate effects of Serala sericea lespedeza (SER; Lespedeza cuneata) on gastrointestinal parasitism. Naturally-infected goats were individually housed in 1.5x1.5 m pens. Treatments consisted of SER hay (n = 13), and bermudagrass hay without (n = 13; CON) or with anthelminitic treatment (n = 12; CDW). A corn-soybean meal-based supplement ensured isonitrogenous (18%), isocaloric diets. Diets were fed to 10% orts. Treatments were assigned for similar initial FEC and BW. At the start of the study and weekly thereafter, fecal and blood samples were collected for determination of fecal egg counts (FEC) and coccidia oocyst counts (FOC) via the modified McMaster’s technique (eggs or oocysts per gram feces; epg or opg) and percentage packed red blood cell volume (PCV) via microhematocrit centrifugation. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS for repeated measures. The FEC and PCV were impacted by a treatment by day interaction (P < 0.0001) in which, compared to day 0, FEC was lower and PCV was higher for each weekly sample for CDW (P < 0.003; ranges: FEC: 315 ±332 epg to 573±332 epg, PCV: 17.5±1.2% to 27.8±1.2%). For CON, FEC were only lower (P < 0.0008) on week 7 (day 0 2630±327 epg vs 1015±332 epg week 7) while PCV was higher on week 5 through 7 for CON (range PCV 18.4 ± 1.2% to 23.6 ± 1.2%). For SER, FEC were lower at week 4 (P < 0.02; 1413±320 epg) and 7 (P < 0.0001; 884±320 epg) compared to day 0 (2688±329 epg) while PCV was higher for each weekly sample for SER (P < 0.04; PCV: 18.0±1.2% to 25.7±1.2%). Overall, there were no effects of SER on FEC and FOC, but PCV was improved.

Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Sericea Lespedeza Hay on Behavior, Heat Energy, and Ruminal Methane Emission by Growing Alpine Doelings and Katahdin Ewe Lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Wei L Wang ◽  
Luana L Ribeiro ◽  
Italo L Portugal ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Arthur L Goetsch
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Twenty-four Alpine doelings (initial body weight (BW) and age of 25.3±0.55 kg and 10.4±0.11 mo, respectively) and 24 Katahdin ewe lambs (28.3±1.02 kg and 9.6±0.04 mo, respectively) were used to determine effects of dietary level of Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata; 10% condensed tannins) on heat energy and ruminal emission of the greenhouse gas methane determined with an open-circuit calorimetry system. Pens with Calan feeding gates were used in the study with four 6–7-wk periods. Diets (i.e., treatments) consumed ad libitum were 75% ground hay, alfalfa, a 1:1 mixture of alfalfa and lespedeza (AL), and lespedeza. Data were analyzed with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, repeated measure of period, and a mixed effects model. Feeders were open 195 and 205 min/d for Alpine and Katahdin (SEM=9.8) and longer (P < 0.05) for diets with lespedeza (159, 209, and 231 min/d for alfalfa, AL, and lespedeza, respectively). Rate of dry matter intake (DMI) was greater (P < 0.05) for Katahdin vs. Alpine (10.2 and 6.1 g/min) and for alfalfa than for AL and lespedeza (11.1, 8.1, and 6.7 g/min, respectively). Heat energy was greater (P < 0.05) in MJ/d for Katahdin than for Alpine (10.19 vs. 7.90) and similar among diets (9.20, 9.40, and 8.53; SEM=0.266), but values in kJ/kg BW0.75 were similar between animal types (560 and 579; SEM=8.4) and greatest (P < 0.05) among diets for AL (563, 592, and 553 for alfalfa, AL, and lespedeza, respectively). Ruminal methane emission differed (P < 0.05) between animal types in MJ/d (1.17 and 1.44), kJ/g DMI (1.39 and 1.23), and kJ/g average daily gain (ADG; 18.1 and 9.8 for Alpine and Katahdin, respectively). Regardless of period, diet did not impact methane emission in MJ/d or relative to DMI, BW, or ADG. In conclusion, it is unclear why dietary inclusion of lespedeza did not reduce ruminal methane emission as in previous studies. Species differences in methane relative to DMI and ADG (i.e., lower for sheep than for goats) deserve further attention.

scholarly journals High-Condensed Tannin Diet and Transportation Stress in Goats: Effects on Physiological Responses, Gut Microbial Counts and Meat Quality

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2857
Author(s):  
Phaneendra Batchu ◽  
Toni Hazard ◽  
Jung H. Lee ◽  
Thomas H. Terrill ◽  
Brou Kouakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Feeding condensed tannin (CT)-containing diets such as sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) and reducing stress have been reported to improve meat quality and food safety in goats. In a completely randomized design with split-plot, thirty-six uncastrated male Spanish goats were assigned to 3 dietary treatments (n = 12/treatment): ground ‘Serala’ sericea lespedeza hay (SER), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay (BG), or bermudagrass hay—dewormed goats (BG-DW; Control) at 75% of intake, with a corn-based supplementation (25%) for 8 weeks. Prior to slaughter, goats were either transported for 90 min to impose stress or held in pens. Basophil counts were lower (p < 0.01) in the SER group compared to BG or BG-DW groups suggesting a better anti-inflammatory capacity due to polyphenols in the SER diet. Compared to BG-DW group, cortisol level was higher (p < 0.05) and norepinephrine was lower (p < 0.05) in the SER group. The SER group had the lowest aerobic plate counts (APC) in both rumen and rectum (p < 0.01). Longissimus dorsi muscle initial pH was not affected by diet or stress. Feeding sericea hay to goats may have beneficial effects, such as enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties during stress and reduced gut microbial counts, without changing meat quality characteristics.

PSV-7 Sire fecal egg count EBV are predictive of offspring response to an artificial gastrointestinal nematode infection in Rambouillet sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 303-303
Author(s):  
Jacob W Thorne ◽  
Scott A Bowdridge ◽  
Brenda M Murdoch ◽  
Reid Redden
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

Abstract Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) pose a significant risk to the health and productivity of Rambouillet sheep, a noted wool and meat producing breed, in the United States. Capturing phenotypic measurements of Rambouillet while infected with GIN is essential for the calculation of estimated breeding values (EBV) as a selection tool to improve host resistance to GIN. Weaned (age= ~120 d.) Rambouillet lambs (n = 75) were each inoculated with 10,000 Haemonchus contortus L3 larvae and placed in a feedlot. Lambs were offspring of two representative sires, A (n = 26) and B (n = 49), with post-weaning fecal egg count EBV (PFEC) from LAMBPLAN, of -9.94 and +9.20%, respectively. Lamb fecal egg count (FEC), packed-cell volume (PCV) and body weight (BWT) measurements were captured at 7-day intervals for 6 subsequent weeks. Actual FEC were loge transformed (lnFEC) to meet normality and then backtransformed least squares means (LSM) are reported. lnFEC, PCV and BWT were analyzed using a mixed model with repeated measures including fixed effects of sex, sire and average daily gain (ADG) classification (for lnFEC and PCV), and sex and sire (for BWT). Significant differences (P = 0.0216) in average lnFEC were observed between offspring from sires A [2242 eggs per gram (epg)] and B (2914 epg). Weekly lnFEC differed (P &lt; 0.0001) and a trend identified between sexes (females = 3414 epg vs males = 2712 epg, P = 0.0909). Interestingly, females exhibited a higher average PCV than males, (34.93% v. 31.15%, P &lt; 0.0001), suggesting potential pathological differences by sex in response to GIN infection. Artificial GIN infections offer a more controlled test than under natural conditions and are a viable option to aid in identifying Rambouillet sheep more resistant to GIN. These results indicate EBV calculated with FEC from a natural GIN infection are predictive of the response of Rambouillet lambs to an artificial infection of H. contortus.

Effect of fall-grazed sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) on gastrointestinal nematode infections of growing goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mechineni ◽  
D.S. Kommuru ◽  
S. Gujja ◽  
J.A. Mosjidis ◽  
J.E. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Growing Goats

scholarly journals Plasma metabolomic profiles as affected by diet and stress in Spanish goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phaneendra Batchu ◽  
Thomas H. Terrill ◽  
Brou Kouakou ◽  
Zaira M. Estrada-Reyes ◽  
Govind Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Lower Energy Level ◽  
Plasma Metabolome ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Prolonged Stress

AbstractThe effects of high-condensed tannin (CT) diet combined with preslaughter stress have not been studied at the metabolome level in goats. This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata), a high-CT legume, and transportation stress on plasma metabolome in goats. Uncastrated male Spanish goats (age = 8 months; BW = 26.0 ± 0.48 kg) were either fed ground ‘Serala’ SL hay (SER), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay (BG), or bermudagrass hay-dewormed goats (BG-DW; Control) at 75% of intake, with a corn-based supplementation (25%) for 8 weeks (n = 12/Diet). At the end of the trial, goats were subjected to one of two stress treatments (ST): transported for 90 min to impose stress (TS) or held in pens (NTS) before slaughtering, in two replicates. Live and carcass weights, and blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60 and 90 min of transportation or holding time (Time). The data were analyzed using MIXED procedures in SAS and metabolomics data were analyzed using the R software. When measured after ST, SER group had the lowest body weight (P < 0.05) among the three diet groups. Carcass weights were high in the BG-DW, low in SER, and intermediate in BG group. Plasma creatine concentrations decreased over Time (P < 0.01) in the TS goats in all diet groups. Meat crude protein percentages were higher (P < 0.05) in SER (22.5 ± 0.22) and BG-DW (22.3 ± 0.22) groups compared to the BG group (21.6 ± 0.22). At the metabolome level, SER group had the lowest (P < 0.05) glycine, alanine, threonine, taurine, trans-hydroxyproline, methionine, and histidine concentrations and highest (P < 0.01) lysine and citrulline concentrations among the Diet groups. Butyric acid, concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in the SER group compared to BG group. Eight medium- and long-chained acylcarnitines were higher (P < 0.05) in the BG-DW group than SER or BG groups. In general, amino acid levels decreased and acylcarnitine increased with Time (P < 0.05) in all groups. Sericea diet can be beneficial in enhancing stress coping abilities in goats due to elevated butyrate, lysine, and citrulline levels; however, SER resulted in lower energy level in goats compared to BG or BG-DW groups. Fatty acid metabolism is the main energy pathway in all groups during prolonged stress. Inclusion of certain varieties of SL in the diet must be carefully controlled to prevent possible negative effect.

scholarly journals Forage type and transportation stress effects on gut microbial counts and meat quality in goats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mechineni ◽  
D.S. Kommuru ◽  
T.H. Terrill ◽  
B. Kouakou ◽  
J.H. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Transportation Stress

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding highly condensed tannin legume (sericea lespedeza, SL; Lespedeza cuneata) forage on gastrointestinal tract microbial counts and meat quality in goats. Intact male Spanish kids were kept in 0.40 ha paddocks of SL, bermudagrass (BG; Cynodon dactylon; control), or a combination of SL + BG (n = 10 goats per treatment group) for 8 wk. All goats were supplemented with a commercial feed pellet at 0.45 kg·head−1·d−1 for the first 4 wk and 0.23 kg·head−1·d−1 for the final 4 wk of the trial. At the end of the experiment, half the goats from each paddock were subjected to 3 h transportation stress, then all animals were humanely slaughtered. Diet or stress did not have a significant effect on skin Escherichia coli, coliform, or aerobic plate counts, and carcass, rumen, and fecal bacterial counts. Muscle pH at 24 h postmortem tended (P = 0.06) to be higher in transported compared with non-transported goats. The results indicate that SL consumption by goats for 8 wk did not significantly affect gastrointestinal tract, skin, and carcass microbial counts or meat quality, although preslaughter stress could influence meat quality due to changes in the course of postmortem pH decline.

Feeding panicled tick-clover to growing goats reduces Haemonchus contortus infection without negative effects on growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Cherry ◽  
M. Bullinger ◽  
B.D. Lambert ◽  
J.P. Muir ◽  
T.W. Whitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Growing Goats ◽  
Desmodium Paniculatum

SummaryIn an effort to identify a forage legume with condensed tannins (CT) that reduce gastro-intestinal nematodes (GIN) in small ruminants without negative effects on nutrition, the following trial looked at the effects of two legumes containing CT on average daily gain (ADG) and faecal egg counts (FEC) in kid goats. Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza, SL) and Desmodium paniculatum (panicled tick-clover; PTC) were pelleted into isonitrogenous complete feeds containing 3.8% CT in a four week feeding trial. Compared to the alfalfa (Medicago sativa) control diet, SL decreased (P ≤ 0.05) feed efficiency and ADG while PTC had the same (P > 0.05) feed efficiency as alfalfa. The SL and PTC pelleted feeds increased (P = 0.006) daily feed intake by 4.5 kg and 3.7 kg, respectively, compared to alfalfa control, while kids consuming SL and PTC showed an average 44% reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in FEC compared to those fed alfalfa. The results showed that feeding PTC, an herbaceous, perennial legume native to much of North America, to goats may provide a natural means of reducing ruminant GIN while simultaneously providing a source of protein.

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