High-Condensed Tannin Diet and Transportation Stress in Goats: Effects on Physiological Responses, Gut Microbial Counts and Meat Quality

Feeding condensed tannin (CT)-containing diets such as sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) and reducing stress have been reported to improve meat quality and food safety in goats. In a completely randomized design with split-plot, thirty-six uncastrated male Spanish goats were assigned to 3 dietary treatments (n = 12/treatment): ground ‘Serala’ sericea lespedeza hay (SER), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay (BG), or bermudagrass hay—dewormed goats (BG-DW; Control) at 75% of intake, with a corn-based supplementation (25%) for 8 weeks. Prior to slaughter, goats were either transported for 90 min to impose stress or held in pens. Basophil counts were lower (p < 0.01) in the SER group compared to BG or BG-DW groups suggesting a better anti-inflammatory capacity due to polyphenols in the SER diet. Compared to BG-DW group, cortisol level was higher (p < 0.05) and norepinephrine was lower (p < 0.05) in the SER group. The SER group had the lowest aerobic plate counts (APC) in both rumen and rectum (p < 0.01). Longissimus dorsi muscle initial pH was not affected by diet or stress. Feeding sericea hay to goats may have beneficial effects, such as enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties during stress and reduced gut microbial counts, without changing meat quality characteristics.

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Forage type and transportation stress effects on gut microbial counts and meat quality in goats

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2019-0145 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Mechineni ◽

D.S. Kommuru ◽

T.H. Terrill ◽

B. Kouakou ◽

J.H. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Lespedeza Cuneata ◽

Intact Male ◽

Sericea Lespedeza ◽

Microbial Counts ◽

Plate Counts ◽

Transportation Stress

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding highly condensed tannin legume (sericea lespedeza, SL; Lespedeza cuneata) forage on gastrointestinal tract microbial counts and meat quality in goats. Intact male Spanish kids were kept in 0.40 ha paddocks of SL, bermudagrass (BG; Cynodon dactylon; control), or a combination of SL + BG (n = 10 goats per treatment group) for 8 wk. All goats were supplemented with a commercial feed pellet at 0.45 kg·head−1·d−1 for the first 4 wk and 0.23 kg·head−1·d−1 for the final 4 wk of the trial. At the end of the experiment, half the goats from each paddock were subjected to 3 h transportation stress, then all animals were humanely slaughtered. Diet or stress did not have a significant effect on skin Escherichia coli, coliform, or aerobic plate counts, and carcass, rumen, and fecal bacterial counts. Muscle pH at 24 h postmortem tended (P = 0.06) to be higher in transported compared with non-transported goats. The results indicate that SL consumption by goats for 8 wk did not significantly affect gastrointestinal tract, skin, and carcass microbial counts or meat quality, although preslaughter stress could influence meat quality due to changes in the course of postmortem pH decline.

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Plasma metabolomic profiles as affected by diet and stress in Spanish goats

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91893-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Phaneendra Batchu ◽

Thomas H. Terrill ◽

Brou Kouakou ◽

Zaira M. Estrada-Reyes ◽

Govind Kannan

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Lespedeza Cuneata ◽

Sericea Lespedeza ◽

Metabolomics Data ◽

Lower Energy Level ◽

Plasma Metabolome ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Amino Acid Levels ◽

Prolonged Stress

AbstractThe effects of high-condensed tannin (CT) diet combined with preslaughter stress have not been studied at the metabolome level in goats. This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata), a high-CT legume, and transportation stress on plasma metabolome in goats. Uncastrated male Spanish goats (age = 8 months; BW = 26.0 ± 0.48 kg) were either fed ground ‘Serala’ SL hay (SER), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay (BG), or bermudagrass hay-dewormed goats (BG-DW; Control) at 75% of intake, with a corn-based supplementation (25%) for 8 weeks (n = 12/Diet). At the end of the trial, goats were subjected to one of two stress treatments (ST): transported for 90 min to impose stress (TS) or held in pens (NTS) before slaughtering, in two replicates. Live and carcass weights, and blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60 and 90 min of transportation or holding time (Time). The data were analyzed using MIXED procedures in SAS and metabolomics data were analyzed using the R software. When measured after ST, SER group had the lowest body weight (P < 0.05) among the three diet groups. Carcass weights were high in the BG-DW, low in SER, and intermediate in BG group. Plasma creatine concentrations decreased over Time (P < 0.01) in the TS goats in all diet groups. Meat crude protein percentages were higher (P < 0.05) in SER (22.5 ± 0.22) and BG-DW (22.3 ± 0.22) groups compared to the BG group (21.6 ± 0.22). At the metabolome level, SER group had the lowest (P < 0.05) glycine, alanine, threonine, taurine, trans-hydroxyproline, methionine, and histidine concentrations and highest (P < 0.01) lysine and citrulline concentrations among the Diet groups. Butyric acid, concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in the SER group compared to BG group. Eight medium- and long-chained acylcarnitines were higher (P < 0.05) in the BG-DW group than SER or BG groups. In general, amino acid levels decreased and acylcarnitine increased with Time (P < 0.05) in all groups. Sericea diet can be beneficial in enhancing stress coping abilities in goats due to elevated butyrate, lysine, and citrulline levels; however, SER resulted in lower energy level in goats compared to BG or BG-DW groups. Fatty acid metabolism is the main energy pathway in all groups during prolonged stress. Inclusion of certain varieties of SL in the diet must be carefully controlled to prevent possible negative effect.

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PSX-21 Diet and preslaughter stress effects on gut microbial populations and meat quality characteristics in goats

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 459-459

Author(s):

Phaneendra Batchu ◽

Tony Hazard ◽

Chelsea Pulsifer ◽

Thomas H Terrill ◽

Brou Kouakou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Sericea Lespedeza ◽

E Coli ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Plate Counts ◽

Dietary Treatments

Abstract Feeding condensed tannin (CT)-containing diets and minimizing preslaughter stress have been reported to improve meat quality and food safety in small ruminants. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding sericea lespedeza (SL), a high-CT legume, and transportation stress on gut microbial counts and meat quality in goats. In a completely randomized design with split-plot, thirty-six uncastrated male Spanish goats (Age = 8 mo; BW = 26.0 ± 0.48 kg) were assigned to one of 3 dietary treatments (n = 12): ground ‘Serala’ SL hay (SER), bermudagrass hay (BG), or bermudagrass hay - dewormed goats (BG-DW) at 75% of intake, with a corn-based supplement (25%) for 8 weeks. At the end of the trial, goats were either transported for 90 min to impose stress or held in pens before slaughtering in two replicates. Hot and cold carcass weights were lowest in SER, highest in BG-DW, and intermediate in BG group (P < 0.01). Longissimus muscle initial pH was not affected by diet or stress; however, the L* values were lower in SER compared with BG or BG-DW (P < 0.01). Diet or stress treatment did not have a significant effect on rumen and rectal pH values or E. coli and coliform counts. Rumen E. coli counts were 0.32, 0.35, and 0.32 (SEM = 0.088) log10CFU/g, respectively, in SER, BG, and BG-DW groups. The SER group had the lowest aerobic plate counts (APC) in both rumen and rectum (P < 0.01). Rumen APC were 4.74, 6.74, and 6.95 (SEM = 0.420) log10CFU/g, respectively, in SER, BG, and BG-DW groups. The results indicate that diet and stress did not notably influence meat quality characteristics studied or gut E. coli counts in goats, although there is evidence that APC in rumen and feces can be reduced by feeding SL for 8 weeks.

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154 Awardee Talk – Tares among the wheat: sericea lespedeza invasion of native tallgrass prairie

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 151-151

Author(s):

K C Olson

Keyword(s):

Tallgrass Prairie ◽

Prescribed Fire ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Fire Season ◽

Grass Species ◽

Prescribed Fires ◽

Lespedeza Cuneata ◽

Sericea Lespedeza ◽

Beef Cow

Abstract North-American tallgrass prairie provides an array of ecosystem services including carbon sequestration, biodiversity preservation, and forage for grazing livestock. Once covering 68 million ha, only 4% remains today. The largest remnant (~1.5 million ha) lies in the Kansas Flint Hills, home to ~1.3 million yearling cattle and ~90,000 beef cows annually. Unfortunately, the functionality of this ecosystem is threatened by an exotic invader - sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata). Known colloquially as sericea, it is a perennial forb with prodigious capacity to proliferate. Sericea selection by grazing cattle is poor; condensed-tannin concentrations in wild-type sericea approach 20% of plant DM. Total-tract N digestibility by steers consuming sericea-contaminated tallgrass-prairie hay was documented at < 0%. Sericea control has been attempted using herbicides. This has not limited proliferation and has resulted in collateral damage to non-target lifeforms. Attempts to naturalize sericea to the ecosystem via enhanced herbivory were evaluated. Supplementation of beef cow diets with tannin-binding feedstuffs resulted in ≥29% increases in sericea selection compared with non-supplemented cows. Co-grazing beef cows and goats was associated with >20% more defoliation of sericea than beef-cow grazing alone. Sequential grazing of yearling steers followed by mature ewes resulted in >92% defoliation of sericea compared with < 2% in pastures grazed by steers alone. Unfortunately, widespread adoption of these techniques by the ranching community hasn’t occurred because of costs or logistical constraints. More recently, prescribed fire as a low-cost means of control was evaluated. Prescribed fires in late summer greatly diminished sericea proliferation compared with prescribed fires in spring (i.e., traditional prescribed-fire season). No changes in peak forage biomass or C4 grass-species abundance were observed; moreover, native legumes and nectar-producing forbs increased ≥2-fold in response to summer fire. Cultural acceptability of prescribed fire in the region is high; significant adoption by the ranching community has been observed.

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Use of Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) as a Nutraceutical Forage for Livestock

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab096.062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 34-35

Author(s):

Thomas H Terrill ◽

Niki C Whitley ◽

Joan M Burke ◽

James E Miller

Keyword(s):

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Warm Season ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Lespedeza Cuneata ◽

Sericea Lespedeza ◽

Unique Type ◽

High Fiber ◽

Grazing Tolerance ◽

Eimeria Spp

Abstract Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) is a widely-adapted warm season perennial legume that can be used for grazing, hay, or as a conservation plant. Planted extensively for erosion control in the Southeast in the 1930s and 1940s, SL was considered an inexpensive, but relatively low-quality feed for livestock due to high fiber (thick stems) and tannin content. Over the last 60 yr, an SL breeding program at Auburn University resulted in release of improved cultivars with lower fiber (1960s), less tannin (1970s), and improved grazing tolerance (1990s), although interest in SL as a forage crop remained relatively low. This has changed recently as research over the last 10–15 yr has demonstrated the excellent bioactivity of this plant against infection with gastrointestinal nematodes (Haemonchus contortus) and protozoan parasites (Eimeria spp.) in livestock. This bioactivity, which has been attributed to a unique type of condensed tannins, has been confirmed in fresh (grazed), dried (hay, meal, pellets), and preserved (ensiled) forms of SL in a number of studies with sheep, goats, and cattle. The tannins in SL have also been reported to prevent bloat, reduce ruminal methane production, and kill housefly larvae in manure, further contributing to the renewed interest in SL as a nutraceutical (nutritional + pharmaceutical) forage for livestock. Animal performance of SL for cattle was described as similar to bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) in a number of studies in the 1970s and 1980s, but more recent cattle performance data with SL are not available. A recent study with goats showed higher animal performance with no reduction in anti-parasitic bioactivity with well-fertilized SL compared with SL produced under normal (low-input) conditions. Future work on SL will focus on optimizing nutritional and bioactivity (nutraceutical) properties of this forage for different species of livestock.

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Carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nellore females reared in an intensive system using progesterone ear implant

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n6p4295 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 4295

Author(s):

Rafael Alves da Costa Ferro ◽

Aldi Fernandes de Souza Franca ◽

Emmanuel Arnhold ◽

Cláudia Peixoto Bueno ◽

Diogo Alves da Costa Ferro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Intensive Rearing ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Qualitative Characteristics ◽

Intensive System

This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of a synthetic progesterone ear implant on weight gain and meat quality of Nellore heifers. Twenty-eight Nellore heifers with an average initial weight of 240.9 kg were used in this experiment. All heifers received the same dietary management, in an intensive rearing system, with mineral salt and water ad libitum. Heifers were distributed, in a completely randomized design, into two treatments (with and without progesterone ear implant) with seven replications, in 14 stalls. Analysis of variance was performed, and, for non-parametric variables, the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied. Parameters referring to the meat quantitative and qualitative characteristics, represented by the weight and yield of the carcass, conformation, marbling, color, meat texture, carcass morphometric measurements, longissimus dorsi muscle area, and fat thickness, were not affected by the progesterone hormone. The use of the progesterone ear implant did not change the carcass physical characteristics or the meat quality characteristics.

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Effect of ‘AU-Grazer’ Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) from Two Different Sources on Indicators of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Goats

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab096.076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 41-42

Author(s):

Thomas H Terrill ◽

Niki C Whitley ◽

Chelsea Pulsifer ◽

Greg Dykes ◽

Phaneendra Batchu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽

High Fertility ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Lespedeza Cuneata ◽

Sericea Lespedeza ◽

Body Weights ◽

Gastrointestinal Parasitism

Abstract Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) is considered a low input forage but has potential for improved animal performance with greater inputs. ‘AUGrazer’ SL hay grown under normal (NF; AL farm) or high-fertility (HF; SC farm) conditions were compared to a bermudagrass (BG; GA farm; Cynodon dactylon) hay diet in a 6-week feeding trial. Forty-five naturally parasite infected intact Spanish male goats 8–9 months old were used to investigate effects of NF (n = 15) and HF (n = 13) SL compared to BG hay (n = 13; CON) on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism. Hay and water were provided free choice. A commercial goat pellet was provided at 1.5% average body weight. Treatments were assigned for similar initial gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg count [FEC; 5029, 4749 and 4456 eggs per gram (EPG) for HF and NF SL and CON goats, respectively]. At the start of the study and then weekly, fecal samples were collected for determination of FEC and coccidia fecal oocyst counts (FOC). Body weights were recorded at the start and end of the trial. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS for repeated measures with inferences made on log-transformed data for FEC and FOC, and GLM used for gain data. Both FEC and FOC for NF and HF SL were different from CON at all time points after day 0 (P < 0.05). Final EPG were 949, 1411, and 3552 for HF and NF SL and CON goats, a reduction of 73.3% and 60.3% for HF and NF SL animals, respectively. Final OPG were 353, 1092, and 2417, with reductions of 85.4% and 54.8% for HF and NF SL goats, respectively. Average daily gain (ADG) was impacted by treatment, with HF SL higher (P < 0.001) than both NF SL and CON, which were similar. High-fertility SL improved animal performance while maintaining its anti-parasitic bioactivity.

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Evaluation of anti-pyretic activity of Dracaena sanderiana by Brewer’s yeast method

International Journal of Novel Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijntps.v9i2.1200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 32-34

Author(s):

Pavani C H

Keyword(s):

Herbal Remedies ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Chemical Substances ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Potential Value ◽

Plant Effects ◽

Therapeutic Properties ◽

Dracaena Sanderiana ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Action

These medicinal plants are used to develop a therapy for the disease. To improve the science, investigate the scientific proof and activities validation, therefore the use of various herbal remedies for their pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory action in these current days. includes influence, anti-inflammatory, anti effect, analgesia, effects and some beneficial effects on the GI system. show the potential value of pain relief, cancer prevention and weight loss. According to these plant effects, consider that this present study was mainly based on to investigate and likely to reduce the fever caused by the outdoor and indoor. potential of is evidenced in leave studies. The medicinal plant produces a variety of chemical substances which shows significant therapeutic properties with the standard drug paracetamol.

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