Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Sericea Lespedeza Hay on Behavior, Heat Energy, and Ruminal Methane Emission by Growing Alpine Doelings and Katahdin Ewe Lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Wei L Wang ◽  
Luana L Ribeiro ◽  
Italo L Portugal ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Arthur L Goetsch
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Twenty-four Alpine doelings (initial body weight (BW) and age of 25.3±0.55 kg and 10.4±0.11 mo, respectively) and 24 Katahdin ewe lambs (28.3±1.02 kg and 9.6±0.04 mo, respectively) were used to determine effects of dietary level of Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata; 10% condensed tannins) on heat energy and ruminal emission of the greenhouse gas methane determined with an open-circuit calorimetry system. Pens with Calan feeding gates were used in the study with four 6–7-wk periods. Diets (i.e., treatments) consumed ad libitum were 75% ground hay, alfalfa, a 1:1 mixture of alfalfa and lespedeza (AL), and lespedeza. Data were analyzed with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, repeated measure of period, and a mixed effects model. Feeders were open 195 and 205 min/d for Alpine and Katahdin (SEM=9.8) and longer (P < 0.05) for diets with lespedeza (159, 209, and 231 min/d for alfalfa, AL, and lespedeza, respectively). Rate of dry matter intake (DMI) was greater (P < 0.05) for Katahdin vs. Alpine (10.2 and 6.1 g/min) and for alfalfa than for AL and lespedeza (11.1, 8.1, and 6.7 g/min, respectively). Heat energy was greater (P < 0.05) in MJ/d for Katahdin than for Alpine (10.19 vs. 7.90) and similar among diets (9.20, 9.40, and 8.53; SEM=0.266), but values in kJ/kg BW0.75 were similar between animal types (560 and 579; SEM=8.4) and greatest (P < 0.05) among diets for AL (563, 592, and 553 for alfalfa, AL, and lespedeza, respectively). Ruminal methane emission differed (P < 0.05) between animal types in MJ/d (1.17 and 1.44), kJ/g DMI (1.39 and 1.23), and kJ/g average daily gain (ADG; 18.1 and 9.8 for Alpine and Katahdin, respectively). Regardless of period, diet did not impact methane emission in MJ/d or relative to DMI, BW, or ADG. In conclusion, it is unclear why dietary inclusion of lespedeza did not reduce ruminal methane emission as in previous studies. Species differences in methane relative to DMI and ADG (i.e., lower for sheep than for goats) deserve further attention.

Effects of Sericea Lespedeza on Feed Intake, Digestion, and Ruminal Methane Emission in Hair Sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 41-41
Author(s):  
Luana L Ribeiro ◽  
Ryszard Puchala ◽  
Arthur L Goetsch
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza

Abstract Eighteen Katahdin (initial body weight of 74 kg; SEM=1.8) and 18 St. Croix ewes (55 kg; SEM=1.3) were used in an experiment with four 6-wk periods to determine effects of dietary level of Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) containing 5.8% condensed tannins (dry matter; DM) and other supplemental ingredients on feed intake, digestion, and ruminal methane emission. Diets were consumed ad libitum and included a concentrate supplement at 0.45% BW (DM). Alfalfa was the basal forage for control (CON), ionophore (ION; lasalocid at 33 mg/kg DM), coconut oil (3%; CCO), and soybean oil (3%; SBO) diets, and forage in moderate- and high-lespedeza diets was a 1:1 mixture of alfalfa and lespedeza and all lespedeza, respectively (MSL and HSL, respectively). Data were analyzed with a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement of treatments, period as a repeated measure, and a mixed effects model. Digestion and methane emission were determined in weeks 4, 10, 16, and 22. Total DM intake was similar among treatments (P = 0.070) but numerically greatest for HSL (1,197, 1,297, 1,491, 1,203, 1,195, and 1,207 g/d; SEM=81.1), OM digestibility ranked (P < 0.05) CON, ION, CCO, and SBO > MSL > HSL (69.2, 57.6, 50.3, 66.3, 66.0, and 68.7%; SEM=1.57), and digestible OM intake was similar among treatments (P = 0.517; 697, 607, 589, 598, 635, and 690 g/d for CON, MSL, HSL, ION, CCO, and SBO, respectively; SEM=50.4). There were no interactions involving time in ruminal methane emission, which was greatest among treatments for CON (P < 0.05) in MJ/d (1.39, 0.93, 0.90, 0.92, 0.85, and 0.96; SEM=0.069) and relative to digestible energy intake (20.6, 15.7, 16.8, 16.1, 13.7, and 13.9% for CON, MSL, HSL, ION, CCO, and SBO, respectively; SEM=1.223). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of Sericea lespedeza may offer a natural and sustainable means of decreasing ruminal methane emission by hair sheep as previously shown in goats, with a magnitude of impact similar to that of some other supplemental dietary ingredients.

PLASMA INSULIN AND GROWTH HORMONE IN GROWING LAMBS FED MONENSIN

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. MEARS ◽  
J. A. VESELY ◽  
K.-J. CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Daily Gain

Plasma insulin and growth hormone (GH) were measured in 62 monensin-treated lambs and 59 control lambs from four experiments that were conducted to determine the effect of monensin treatment on average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Plasma GH concentrations were lower in lambs that received monensin (P < 0.05–0.01). The effect was greater in ram than in ewe lambs (P < 0.03). Monensin treatment started when lambs were only a few weeks old and resulted in a more rapid GH response than when older lambs were treated. In some, but not all, of the experiments the lower plasma GH concentrations occurred in conjunction with an increase in ADG and an apparent increase in G:F. Monensin had little effect on plasma insulin concentrations. Key words: Lambs, monensin, growth hormone, insulin

scholarly journals PUBERAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE NIGERIAN DWARF SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
B. I. Orji ◽  
J. Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Dwarf Sheep

THE Incidence of the first behavioural oestrus (puberty) in 28 ewe lambs was investigated to determine the effect of the plane of nutrition on it. The ewes were randomly alloted and reared on two planes of nutrition: one exclusively on roughage (grazing and bay) the second roughage supplemented with concentrate at the rate of 454g a day from weaning to puberty. The ewe lambs were checked for standing heat with two vasectomised rams twice daily - mornings and evenings. The age and body weight at puberty and the average daily gain from weaning to puberty In unsupplemented ewes were 339.5 ± 7.8 days, 14.6 ± 0.9kg and 29.4 ± 4.7g respectively. The corresponding figures for the supplemented ewes were 262.0 ± 16.2 days, 16.2 ± 0.7kg and 73.0 ± 6.6g. The ewe lambs born as singles attained puberty at a younger age but lambs fed supplemented concentrate ration had a significantly higher growth rate and attained puberty at a significantly younger age and higher body weight than ewe lambs fed on roughage only. The durations of early postpuberal oestrus and oestrous cycle were 41.03 ± 2.94 hours and 18.00 ± 0.63 days respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of feeding differentiation on the age at onset of puberty in Brazilian Bergamasca dairy ewe lambs

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dantas ◽  
E.R. Siqueira ◽  
S. Fernandes ◽  
E. Oba ◽  
A.M. Castilho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Puberty Onset ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of the study was to evaluate body growth and age at onset of puberty on lambs fed two specific diets for low and high growth rates. A herd of 20 Brazilian Bergamasca lambs was divided in two groups (n= 10) and kept confined throughout the experimental period, two animals of the same treatment/pen. Two phases were established: Phase 1, from 90 days of age until the onset of puberty; and Phase 2, from puberty onset up to 1 year old. For Phase 1, two distinct diets were formulated, being: Treatment A, which was formulated to obtain an average daily gain of approximately 150g; and Treatment B, for an average daily gain of about 250g. In Phase 2, a balanced, equal diet was provided to both groups. Every 14 days, the animals were weighed and given average daily gain, average daily dry matter intake and body condition score. From the 5th month of age on, in each group, a vasectomized male was used to detect estrus, establishing age at puberty onset and estrus interval for each lamb. Blood samples were collected every 28 days to determine plasma growth hormone concentration. Treatment B lambs gained more weight and had higher body condition score (P<0.05) and there was no difference for age at puberty onset and plasma growth hormone levels (P>0.05) between treatments. It was found that both treatments showed satisfactory performances. Thus, treatment A may be indicated as a reasonable feeding system to achieve positive responses on confined ewe lambs during growth phase.

Effects of allometric space allowance and weight group composition on grower-finisher pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Anil ◽  
Sukumarannair S Anil ◽  
John Deen
Keyword(s):  
Group Composition ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Daily Gain

The average daily gain (ADG; kg d-1), pen efficiency (PE; kg ADG m-2 floor space) and welfare indicators (injury levels, salivary cortisol concentrations and behaviour) of grower-finisher pigs were evaluated in groups of 19 barrows, at four levels of floor space allowances calculated mathematically (area = k × BW0.667) using a constant k, (with values 0.027, 0.031, 0.034, and 0.037) for a mean final market weight of 116 kg and in two levels of group weight composition (uniform and varying weights – based on uniformity and variation of body weights of pigs within a pen at the beginning of the experiment). The corresponding space allowances (m2 pig-1) at the market weight of 116 kg were 0.64 (SA0.64), 0.74 (SA0.74), 0.81 (SA0.81), and 0.88 (SA0.88). The data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVAs and independent sample T tests. The pigs in SA0.64 had a lower ADG (0.859 ± 0.017), spent a lower proportion of time lying in preferred areas (55.22 ± 1.644) and had higher total injury scores (4.581 ± 0.139) and higher number of aggressions (1.94 ± 0.286) (P < 0.05 for all) than those in SA0.88 (0.936 ± 0.020; 61.02 ± 1.203; 3.858 ± 0.208; 1.08 ± 0.212, respectively) and SA0.81 (0.916 ± 0.019; 59.77 ± 1.417; 3.855 ± 0.112; 1.24 ± 0.238, respectively). Pigs in SA0.64 had higher (P < 0.05) overall PE (1.344 kg ADG m-2 floor space) than those in SA0.88 (1.063 ± 0.023) SA0.81 (1.131 ± 0.024) and SA0.74 (1.224 ± 0.029) allowance treatments. Pigs in the varying weight group spent a higher (P < 0.05) proportion of time lying in preferred areas (59.73 ± 0.942) than the uniform weight group (57.08 ± 1.078). Pigs in SA0.74 and SA0.64 spent lower proportion of time (P < 0.05) lying isolated (2.76 ± 0.441 and 2.18 ± 0.372, respectively) than pigs in SA0.81 (4.52 ± 0.467). The uniform weight group exhibited more (P < 0.05) exploratory behaviour (8.83 ± 0.448) than the varying weight group (7.25 ± 0.356). On fully slatted floors, space allotted considering the final market weight of barrows corresponding to k values of 0.037 and 0.034 were better (P < 0.05) than 0.027 in terms of growth rate and welfare indicators. Key words: Space allowances, welfare, daily gain, grower-finisher, pig

Effects of raising lambs in a cold or a warm environment on animal performance and carcass traits

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vachon ◽  
R. Morel ◽  
D. Cinq-Mars
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Daily Gain

A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement was conducted over two consecutive winters to compare growth and carcass traits of ram and ewe lambs in a cold or warm environment (noninsulated, unheated vs. an insulated and heated barn with minimum inside temperature (T) between 5 and 10°C). Each winter, 14 pairs of lambs of each sex were randomly allocated to either a cold or warm environment (average weight of 23.8 kg ± 0.6 and 22.4 kg ± 2.0 in 2003 and 2004, respectively). They were fed hay and concentrate ad libitum until they reached 42 to 48 kg body weight (BW) when they were slaughtered. Carcass traits were then evaluated. The average temperature in the cold environment was -7.49 and -4.74°C in 2003 and 2004, respectively, vs. +6.25 and +10.50°C, respectively, in the warm environment. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in growth performance and carcass traits between lambs raised in a cold or a warm environment. However, there was a tendency for lambs raised in a cold environment to have higher average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.06) and to take less time to market (P = 0.09). Results suggest that it is possible to raise lambs in a cold environment without having any detrimental effect on performance and carcass quality. Key words: Lamb, environment, cold, performance, growth, carcass

scholarly journals PSVIII-4 Live growth performance of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
Ty Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment was designed to study the effect of days on feed and an aggressive implant strategy on Jersey steer growth performance. Steers (n = 30; start of trial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments; negative control (CON) or implanted with Revalor 200 every 70 d (REV; d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) for a total of 6 implants. Steers were weighed every 35 d and daily feed delivery was recorded daily. Data for dry matter intake (DMI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were analyzed via a mixed model; the fixed effects were day and treatment. Live growth BW and average daily gain (ADG) used day as the repeated measure and animal as the subject in a repeated measures analysis. Change in BW increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01); treatments differed in BW from d 280 through d 350 (P &lt; 0.01). Average daily gain decreased (P &lt; 0.01) linearly and differed (P &lt; 0.01) at d 70, d 140, d 280, and d 350, but not (P ≥ 0.10) at d 210 or d 420. Dry matter intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for REV steers (7.6 kg/d) than CON (6.8 kg/d). Gain to feed ratio did not differ (P ≥ 0.78) between CON steers (0.13 kg/kg dry matter (DM)) and REV (0.14 kg/kg DM) steers, yet G:F differed (P &lt; 0.01) amongst periods (d 70 = 0.21 kg/kg, d 140 = 0.16 kg/kg, d 210 = 0.15 kg/kg, d 280 = 0.13 kg/kg, d 350 = 0.08 kg/kg, d 420 = 0.08 kg/kg). Aggressively implanting Jersey steers improved growth performance by 9.6%, 13.2%, 11.3%, and 7.7% for BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F, respectively.

scholarly journals Performance of Solar Module with Presence of Two Types of Reflectors in Concentrator System

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Daily Gain

Any work to improve the performance of the solar modules could add to their economic competitiveness against fossil fuels. In the present work the performance of PV solar module was improved by using V-Trough concentrator system (CPV) which moved by two axis tracking system. The concentrator consists of two flat reflectors of area 2 m2 for each one with geometric concentration ratio of 2X. To optimize the performance of the V-Trough CPV systems, two types of reflector material, Aluminum and mirror (glass coated by silver nitrate) were used. The results indicated that the temperature of PV reference module was higher than the ambient temperature by 27oC but there is too small difference in temperature between the tracking PV module with the reference which ranged to 2oC, while the temperature of the CPV system was higher than reference by 37oC. The temperature of the PV module under mirror reflectors was lower than module combined with Aluminum reflectors by 3oC. As a result of arising of the temperature of CPV system in compare with PV reference module, the open circuit voltage was droop by 0.7 V, 0.5 V for PV module under mirror and Aluminum reflectors respectively. The reflectors increased the short circuit current values by 2.1 A, 2.6 A for PV module combined with mirror and Aluminum reflectors respectively. Accordingly the performance (as an average daily gain of output power) of the PV solar module was improved by using V-Trough CPV system, 44%, 34% by using Aluminum and mirror reflectors respectively.

scholarly journals Growing and finishing crossbred feedlot ewe lambs fed with increasing levels of concentrate in the diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4243
Author(s):  
Caroline Bertholini Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Da Graça Morais ◽  
Andréa Roberto Duarte Lopes Souza ◽  
Henrique Jorge Fernandes ◽  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Individual Evaluation ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Daily Gain

To maximize economic gain in sheep production systems it is critical to adjust feedlot diets to maximize performance while minimizing feed, and especially concentrate, waste. Little information is available on ideal diets for crossbred ewe lambs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of feedlot crossbred ewe lambs, and the digestibility of diets, with increasing levels of concentrate during the growing and finishing phases. Twenty-four crossbred Texel × Pantaneira Texel ewe lambs were confined and fed Tifton hay with increasing levels of concentrate in the diet (20, 40, 60 and 80%) for individual evaluation of dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility of diets, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). Animals were slaughtered at 47 kg. In the growing phase, the inclusion of concentrate in the diets (1176 g.kg-1) did not change DMI (p > 0.05). Concentrate levels had a quadratic effect (p < 0.05) on the dry matter digestibility coefficient (DMDC) and on total digestible nutrients (TDN) during the growing phase. In the finishing phase, there was a negative linear effect of concentrate levels on DMI (p < 0.05), but TDN intake was similar among the experimental diets (p > 0.05). DMDC and TDN values displayed a quadratic behavior (p < 0.05), plateauing at 60% concentrate. ADG and FE increased as concentrate was added to the diet in the growing phase (p < 0.05). During the finishing phase, lamb performance was similar (p > 0.05) for different diets. Thus, the use of 60% concentrate in the confined crossbred ewe lamb diet during growing and 20% concentrate during finishing is recommended.

Effect of ‘AU-Grazer’ Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza Cuneata) from Two Different Sources on Indicators of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Thomas H Terrill ◽  
Niki C Whitley ◽  
Chelsea Pulsifer ◽  
Greg Dykes ◽  
Phaneendra Batchu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Lespedeza Cuneata ◽  
Sericea Lespedeza ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism

Abstract Sericea lespedeza (SL; Lespedeza cuneata) is considered a low input forage but has potential for improved animal performance with greater inputs. ‘AUGrazer’ SL hay grown under normal (NF; AL farm) or high-fertility (HF; SC farm) conditions were compared to a bermudagrass (BG; GA farm; Cynodon dactylon) hay diet in a 6-week feeding trial. Forty-five naturally parasite infected intact Spanish male goats 8–9 months old were used to investigate effects of NF (n = 15) and HF (n = 13) SL compared to BG hay (n = 13; CON) on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism. Hay and water were provided free choice. A commercial goat pellet was provided at 1.5% average body weight. Treatments were assigned for similar initial gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg count [FEC; 5029, 4749 and 4456 eggs per gram (EPG) for HF and NF SL and CON goats, respectively]. At the start of the study and then weekly, fecal samples were collected for determination of FEC and coccidia fecal oocyst counts (FOC). Body weights were recorded at the start and end of the trial. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS for repeated measures with inferences made on log-transformed data for FEC and FOC, and GLM used for gain data. Both FEC and FOC for NF and HF SL were different from CON at all time points after day 0 (P &lt; 0.05). Final EPG were 949, 1411, and 3552 for HF and NF SL and CON goats, a reduction of 73.3% and 60.3% for HF and NF SL animals, respectively. Final OPG were 353, 1092, and 2417, with reductions of 85.4% and 54.8% for HF and NF SL goats, respectively. Average daily gain (ADG) was impacted by treatment, with HF SL higher (P &lt; 0.001) than both NF SL and CON, which were similar. High-fertility SL improved animal performance while maintaining its anti-parasitic bioactivity.

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