208 MicroRNA Expression in Longissimus Muscle Biopsies During Feedlot Finishing of Angus Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 109-110
Author(s):  
Alexandra R Thomas ◽  
S Maggie M Justice ◽  
Susan K Duckett
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lipogenic Genes ◽  
Mirna Sequencing ◽  
Marbling Deposition ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

Abstract Intramuscular fat or marbling (IMF) is highly desired in beef products due to its ability to improve carcass value. Studies indicate that finishing cattle on high concentrate diets increase marbling deposition over time-on-feed (TOF). Angus-cross steers (n = 7; 433 + 17 kg) were individually fed a high concentrate diet for a period of 124 d. Steers were weighed and ultrasounded every 30 d on feed. Longissimus muscle biopsies were taken between the 11th and 13th rib on alternating sides at d 0, 90, and 124. RNA was extracted from the biopsy samples and subjected to microRNA (miRNA) sequencing and qPCR for mRNA expression of key lipogenic genes. Data were analyzed with time-on-feed in the model. ADG was increased between d30 and d90 (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was lowest during d0 to d60 and increased from d90 to d124 (P < 0.05). Fat thickness increased (P < 0.05) between 90 to 124 d. Ultrasound intramuscular fat percentage increased (P < 0.05) between 60 and 90 d. miRNA sequencing results showed that mir-122 was differentially expressed from d0 to d90 (6.72 log fold change; P = 0.0048) and from d0 to 124 (3.83 log fold change; P = 0.026). Several miRNA were down regulated (> 2 log fold change; P < 0.05) during TOF, which included miR-2411, -449a, -1197, -323, and -485. Relative expression of key lipogenic genes, stearoyl Co-A desaturase (SCD-1) and fatty acid synthase, were up-regulated (P < 0.05) between d90 and 124 d. These results show that miR-122 appears to be a novel miRNA associated with marbling deposition and lipid metabolism.

Relationships among carcass quality characteristics between and within carcass quartering sites

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baud ◽  
C. M. Wade ◽  
M. E. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Thickness

Carcass quality characteristics were measured on 511 steers of 4 breeds that were destined for the Japanese market. All steers had carcass measurements taken at the 10th/11th rib interface, while 103 steers had additional measurements made on the same characteristics at the 5th/6th rib interface. Australian marbling score, longissimus muscle area, intramuscular fat percentage, intramuscular water content, Japanese intermuscular fat thickness, Japanese subcutaneous fat thickness, Japanese rib thickness, and meat pH were measured in the study. These measurements allowed the phenotypic relationships between the different carcass quality traits measured at the 10th/11th rib interface to be calculated. Significant positive correlations were observed among measurements of carcass fatness, and significant negative correlations were observed between carcass fatness and carcass water content. Angus and Murray Grey cattle had higher levels of marbling and intramuscular fat than Hereford and Poll Hereford cattle The data enabled Australian, USDA, and Japanese marbling standards to be compared on the basis of intramuscular fat percentage determined by an ether extraction process. Differences between the same carcass characteristics taken at 5th/6th and 10/11th rib interfaces of the longissimus dorsi were estimated from the 103 steers measured at both sites. Correlations between the rib sites were high for marbling, intramuscular fat, and intramuscular water, but low for longissimus muscle area, intermuscular fat thickness, and pH.

scholarly journals Effect of Excessive or Restrictive Energy on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Finishing Ningxiang Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Jiayi Chen ◽  
Fengming Chen ◽  
Xue Lin ◽  
Yaodong Wang ◽  
Jianhua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding

This study investigated the effects of excessive or restrictive energy on growth performance, meat quality, intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, and related gene expression in finishing Ningxiang pigs. A total of 36 Ningxiang pigs (43.26 ± 3.21 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatments (6 pens of 2 piglets per treatment) and fed by one of three dietary treatments until the pigs of each treatment weighed approximately 75 kg equally. The three treatments were control diet (digestible energy, DE:13.02 MJ/kg, CON), excessive energy diet (DE 15.22 MJ/kg, EE), and restrictive energy diet (DE 10.84 MJ/kg, RE). Results showed that EE improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.01), while nothing significantly changed by RE except FCR increasing (p < 0.01). EE increased the content of IMF and triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.05), L*24h and b*45min (p < 0.01), while decreasing cooking loss and meat tenderness in longissimus thoracis (LT) (p < 0.05). b*24h was significantly increased with the increase of energy level (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, EE increased the cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fiber and the mRNA expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIb, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein (FABP4) (p < 0.05). In addition, throughout: A diet supplemented with excessive energy promoted IMF deposition by positively changing lipogenic potential while decreasing tenderness by increasing glycolytic muscle fibers, which together affected meat quality. In terms of growth performance and meat quality, the present study suggests that the low-energy diet is suitable for finishing Ningxiang pigs.

scholarly journals Dietary conjugated linoleic acid influences the content of stearinic acid in porcine adipose tissu

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stanimirovic ◽  
B. Petrujkic ◽  
N. Delic ◽  
N. Djelic ◽  
J. Stevanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Percentage

The present study was conducted in order to determine the effects of supplementation of a growing-finishing pig diet with 0.5% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on production characteristics and slaughter traits. Ninety-seven female Swedish Landrace pigs were used. The control group of animals was fed a regular diet (n =&nbsp;49), while the experimental group of animals (n = 48) received a diet where part of the soybean oil was substituted with commercially enriched CLA oil (containing at least 56% of CLA isomers, 28% cis-9, trans-11 and 28% trans-10, cis-12). The experiment lasted 44 days; porkers were fed from an initial weight of 66.0 up until a final weight of 103.5 kg. Feed conversion ratio, carcass and ham weight, percentage of lean meat and subcutaneous fat tissue as well as intramuscular fat were recorded. The fatty acid content of ham intramuscular fat tissue was determined by HPLC. No statistically significant influence of CLA was observed, either on carcass and ham weight, or on fat percentage in subcutaneous and intramuscular tissue. Dietary CLA enrichment proved to increase the content of stearinic acid in intramuscular fat tissue, 17.29 &plusmn; 13.26 % in experimental and 15.87 &plusmn; 33.71 % in control group of pigs (P &lt; 0.01). The obtained production results show no statistically significant changes in main production traits between the two groups of animals. The observed difference in the content of stearinic acid (P &lt; 0.01) implies firmer fat tissue, which has a practical value in pig bacon fattening.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the expression of lipogenic genes in broilers

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Chin ◽  
Y. H. Ko ◽  
T. F. Shen ◽  
S. T. Ding
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lipogenic Genes ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis

The objectives of this work were to determine the effects of dietary fungal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on tissue DHA concentration and lipogenic gene expression in broilers. A fungal (SR-21) meal product containing 31.5% total fat and 32.7% DHA (% of total fatty acids) was fed to chicken broilers at 0, 1, or 3% for 3 weeks. A diet with 1% DHA oil (containing 40% DHA) was also fed to chicken broilers as a positive control. Dietary fungal meal supplementation (3%) improved daily weight gain, food intake, and feed conversion ratio. The fungal meal supplementation increased dietary DHA content and consequently increased the DHA content in plasma, breast muscle (Pectoralis major), and livers in the broilers. The plasma triacylglycerol concentration was decreased by the supplementation of dietary DHA. The data indicate that the dietary DHA treatment modified certain aspects of the lipid metabolism, especially pathways related to triacylglycerol synthesis. Indeed, both the 1% DHA oil and 3% fungal meal treatments decreased the hepatic lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) mRNA relative abundance, suggesting that dietary DHA supplementation decreases SREBP1 gene functions. The relative mRNA abundance of the de novo fatty acid synthesis genes, fatty acid synthase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, was reduced by 1% DHA oil and 3% fungal meal treatments, suggesting that dietary DHA supplementation decreases lipogenesis in the livers of the broilers. Taken together, the fungal meal is a suitable dietary supplement to increase tissue DHA content and reduce the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes in broilers.

Nutritional manipulation increases intramuscular fat levels in the Longissimus muscle of female finisher pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. D'Souza ◽  
D. W. Pethick ◽  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
J. R. Pluske ◽  
B. P. Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Finisher Diets ◽  
The Imf

Fifty crossbred (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) female finisher pigs were used to determine the effect of nutritional manipulations on intramuscular fat deposition. The main nutritional treatments were (i) Control (pigs fed a commercial grower diet), (ii) –15% P : DE (pigs fed a 15% reduced protein : digestible energy diet during the grower phase), (iii) –30% P : DE (pigs fed a 30% reduced P : DE diet during the grower phase), (iv) +6% Fat (pigs fed diet supplemented with 6% additional fat during the grower phase), and (v) –Vit A (pigs fed a control diet with no supplemented Vit A in the mineral vitamin premix during the grower and finisher phase). Pigs fed the 30% reduced P : DE diet had an inferior feed to liveweight gain (feed conversion ratio, FCR) for the combined grower and finisher growth period (P = 0.036) compared with the other dietary treatments. There were no significant differences in average daily gain (ADG) or voluntary feed intake (VFI) for the grower, finisher, and the combined grower and finisher phases, or liveweight at slaughter between the dietary treatments. Pigs fed the 15% (1.9%) and 30% (2.7%) reduced P : DE diet, and the Vit A-restricted diet (2.0%), had significantly higher intramuscular fat (IMF) levels compared with pigs fed the other diets. Pigs fed the control diet had higher (P = 0.002) carcass dressing percentage compared with pigs fed the other diets. There were no significant dietary effects on total fat tissue (P�=�0.661), total lean muscle tissue (P = 0.637), and total bone mineral (P = 0.367) content. In conclusion, these data indicate that feeding pigs grower diets with 15% and 30% reduced P : DE, and grower and finisher diets restricted in Vit A, improved the IMF levels in the Longissimus muscle. The increase in IMF levels in pigs fed the 15% reduced P : DE diet, and grower and finisher diets restricted in Vit A, improved the IMF levels without having a detrimental effect on growth performance and carcass quality.

Effects of selection for ultrasound intramuscular fat percentage in Angus bulls on carcass traits of progeny

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Sapp ◽  
J. K. Bertrand ◽  
T. D. Pringle ◽  
D. E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Selection For

Selection against abdominal fat percentage may increase intramuscular fat content in broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Leng ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
J.Q. Dong ◽  
Z.P. Wang ◽  
X.Y. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Intramuscular Fat Content

Impact of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic, organic acids or their combination on growth performance, carcass traits, economic efficiency, jejunum histomorphometry and some blood indices of broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman S. Salah ◽  
Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany ◽  
Mohamed A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Blood Constituents

The objective was to explore the possible impacts of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic, organic acids or their combination on the growing efficiency, carcass traits and some blood constituents in broilers. In total, 160 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into four equal groups (40 birds with 8 replicates). The control group received the basal diet with no supplements, while diets of the treated groups were supplemented with organic acids (OA; 1 g/kg), a synbiotic (S; 1 g/kg) and an equal mix of OA and the synbiotic (OS; 2 g/kg). The dietary supplementation with OA decreased the feed intake (P = 0.011) and bodyweight gain (P = 0.011) when compared with other experimental groups. However, the dietary supplementation with the synbiotic plus OA resulted in a considerable improvement in the overall feed conversion rate when compared with the control and OA-supplemented groups (P = 0.001). Groups fed the diets supplemented with the synbiotic or the synbiotic plus OA showed significantly higher net profits and the profit to cost ratio than did the CON and OA-supplemented groups (P = 0.010 and 0.005 respectively). Birds in the S and OS groups had a significantly higher jejunum villus height (P = 0.001), and carcass (P = 0.012) and breast meat (P = 0.001) yields than did those in the control and OA groups. However, the synbiotic-supplemented group produced significantly lower abdominal fat percentage (P = 0.021). The dietary supplementation with the synbiotic or the synbiotic plus OA decreased the lymphocyte counts (P = 0.003) and the serum reduced glutathione concentration (P = 0.001), but significantly decreased the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.001), and the serum cholesterol (P = 0.014) and oxidised glutathione (P = 0.002) concentrations compared with the control and OA-supplemented groups. The present findings showed that dietary supplementation with a synbiotic or a synbiotic plus OA can improve the growth performance, carcass traits, serum antioxidant activity and blood-related indices in broilers.

scholarly journals MicroRNA profiling of mouse liver in response to DENV-1 infection by deep sequencing

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Yih Pong ◽  
Sinikka Parkkinen ◽  
Amreeta Dhanoa ◽  
Han Ming Gan ◽  
Indeevari Abisheka Chiharu Wickremesinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Infected Mouse ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Mirna Sequencing

BackgroundDengue caused by dengue virus (DENV) serotypes −1 to −4 is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the tropical and sub-tropical countries worldwide. Yet many of the pathophysiological mechanisms of host responses during DENV infection remain largely unknown and incompletely understood.MethodsUsing a mouse model, the miRNA expressions in liver during DENV-1 infection was investigated using high throughput miRNA sequencing. The differential expressions of miRNAs were then validated by qPCR, followed by target genes prediction. The identified miRNA targets were subjected to gene ontology (GO) annotation and pathway enrichment analysis to elucidate the potential biological pathways and molecular mechanisms associated with DENV-1 infection.ResultsA total of 224 and 372 miRNAs out of 433 known mouse miRNAs were detected in the livers of DENV-1-infected and uninfected mice, respectively; of these, 207 miRNAs were present in both libraries. The miR-148a-3p and miR-122-5p were the two most abundant miRNAs in both groups. Thirty-one miRNAs were found to have at least 2-fold change in upregulation or downregulation, in which seven miRNAs were upregulated and 24 miRNAs were downregulated in the DENV-1-infected mouse livers. The miR-1a-3p was found to be the most downregulated miRNA in the DENV-1-infected mouse livers, with a significant fold change of 0.10. To validate the miRNA sequencing result, the expression pattern of 12 miRNAs, which were highly differentially expressed or most abundant, were assessed by qPCR and nine of them correlated positively with the one observed in deep sequencing.In silicofunctional analysis revealed that the adaptive immune responses involving TGF-beta, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Rap1, Wnt and Ras signalling pathways were modulated collectively by 23 highly differentially expressed miRNAs during DENV-1 infection.ConclusionThis study provides the first insight into the global miRNA expressions of mouse livers in response to DENV-1 infectionin vivoand the possible roles of miRNAs in modulating the adaptive immune responses during DENV-1 infection.

scholarly journals Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the fatty acid synthase, LOC514211, and fat mass and obesity-associated genes with milk traits in Indonesian-Holstein dairy cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1160-1166
Author(s):  
Amalia Puji Rahayu ◽  
Tety Hartatik ◽  
Agung Purnomoadi ◽  
Edy Kurnianto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Fto Gene ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Single Nucleotide

Aim: The study aimed to identify fatty acid synthase (FASN), LOC514211, and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphisms and to investigate their associations with milk traits in an Indonesian-Holstein dairy cow population. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 Indonesian-Holstein cows consisting of 50 heads (0th generation; G0) and 50 heads of their daughters (1st generation; G1) were used. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to genotype three single nucleotide polymorphisms: rs41919985 in the FASN gene, rs42688595 in the LOC514211 gene, and g.1371T>A in the FTO gene. Results: FASN rs41919985 was associated with milk protein percentage (p<0.05), FTO g.1371T>A was associated with milk fat percentage (p<0.05), and LOC514211 rs42688595 was not associated with any trait (p>0.05). Heterozygote variants showed a higher protein percentage for FASN and the highest fat percentage for FTO. These associations were consistent in the G0 and G1 populations. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the milk protein and fat percentages can be improved by increasing the frequency of the AG genotype of FASN and the AT genotype of FTO, respectively.

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