222 Corn-expressed Phytase Modulates Serum Amino Acids and Proteomics Profiles in Nursery Pigs Fed with Low-protein, -calcium, and -phosphorous Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
Cedrick N N Shili ◽  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Parniyan Goodarzi ◽  
Frank Kiyimba ◽  
Steve Hartsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Low Protein

Abstract Feeding pigs with very low-protein (VLP) and low-phosphorous (P) diets may be useful for decreasing the nutrients excretion to the environment; however, this practice negatively impacts the animals’ growth performance. A beneficial effect of corn-expressed phytase (CEP) on growth performance of pigs fed with VLP diets was shown by our group recently. Little is known whether this improvement is related with alterations in profile of blood proteins and amino acids (AA). The objective of this study was to investigate whether supplementation of VLP, low-calcium (Ca) and low-P diets with a CEP can influence the serum AA and proteomics profiles in pigs. Forty-eight weaned barrows were subjected into one of the following groups (n = 8/group) for 4 weeks: positive control (PC), negative control-reduced protein (NC), NC+low-dose CEP, i.e 2,000 FTU/kg (LD), NC+high-dose CEP, i.e. 4,000 FTU/kg (HD), LD with reduced Ca/P (LDR), and HD with reduced Ca/P (HDR). At week 4, blood samples were collected from all pigs. Compared to PC, NC reduced the serum leucine and phenylalanine concentrations; however, LD recovered their levels. Using trypsinolysis and mass spectrometry, 703 serum proteins were identified and quantified, wherein 25 were found to be differentially expressed among groups. Hierarchical clustering showed a clear separation in proteins identified among dietary groups. Compared to NC, 23 and 24 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in serum of LD and HD groups, respectively, with some important proteins in growth regulation such as SELENOP being upregulated and the IGFBP family being downregulated in these groups. A positive correlation was detected between growth and abundance of BGN, TLN1, PDLIM1 and COL1A2 that are involved in bone mineralization and muscle structure development. Thus, CEP improved the serum profile of some essential AA and affected the expression of proteins involved in regulation of growth in pigs fed with VLP diets.

scholarly journals PSIV-6 Effect of a Phytogenic Water Additive on Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites and Gene Expression of Amino Acids Transporters in Nursery Pigs Fed with Low Protein Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 281-282
Author(s):  
Cedrick N Shili ◽  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Jessie Barnes ◽  
Jacob Burchkonda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Standard Protein

Abstract Moderately low protein (MLP) diets can help decrease nutrient excretion from the swine production. However, MLP diets negatively impact growth performance. We hypothesized that supplementing MLP diets with phytogenics may reduce the negative effects of these diets on growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a phytogenic water additive (PWA; Herbanimal®) on growth performance, blood metabolite and gene expression of amino acids transporters in pigs fed with MLP diets. Forty-eight weaned barrows were allotted to six dietary treatments (n = 8) for 4 weeks: >CON-NS: standard protein diet-no PWA; CON-LS: standard protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); CON-HS: standard protein diet-high PWA dose (8 ml/L); LP-NS: low protein diet-no PWA; LP-LS: low protein diet-low PWA dose (4 ml/L); LP-HS: low protein diet- high PWA dose (8 ml/L). Feed intake and body weight were recorded daily and weekly, respectively. At week 4, blood and tissue samples were collected and analyzed for metabolites using a chemistry analyzer and amino acid transporters using qPCR, respectively. The data were analyzed by univariate GLM (SPSS®) and the means were separated using paired Student’s t-test corrected by Benjamini-Hochberg. Pigs fed CON-HS improved the average daily gain and serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations compared to CON-NS. Pigs fed LP-LS had higher serum phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen compared to the pigs fed with LP-NS. The mRNA abundance of SLC7A11 in the jejunum was lower in CON-LS and CON-HS compared to CON-NS. Additionally, mRNA abundance of SLC6A19 in the jejunum of pigs fed with LP-LS was higher compared to LP-NS and lower in CON-HS relative to pigs fed with CON-LS. In conclusion, PWA improved the growth performance of pigs fed standard protein diets but not low protein diets. Further, the PWA improved the concentrations of blood calcium and phosphorous in pigs fed MLP diets. Funding: Agrivida and Animal Health and Production and Animal Products: Improved Nutritional Performance, Growth, and Lactation of Animals from the USDA-NIFA.

scholarly journals Amino acid requirements of pigs. 3. Requirement for apparent digestible threonine of pigs in different stages of growth.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 609-622
Author(s):  
N.P. Lenis ◽  
J.T.M. van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Individual and group housed crossbred pigs 45 to 105 kg and 65 to 95 kg in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, were given basal diets with L-threonine 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g/kg. Positive and negative control diets contained total threonine 5.7 and 4.5 g/kg, respectively. To prevent other amino acids being limiting, the negative control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine and valine. The positive control diet was supplemented with lysine and methionine. The requirement for total threonine of growing-finishing pigs for maximum growth performance was about 5.6 g/kg in a diet containing net energy 9.4 MJ/kg. This figure corresponds with about 4.7 g/kg apparent faecal digestible threonine and 4.3 apparent ileal digestible threonine. There was no difference between the growing and the finishing pigs. The requirement for ileal digestible threonine, relative to ileal digestible lysine requirement, was about 64%. It is concluded that dietary protein can be reduced by 2 percentage units without any adverse effect on growth performance, if limiting amino acids are sufficiently supplemented. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Effects of amino acid biomass or feed-grade amino acids on growth performance of growing swine and poultry12

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Madie R Wensley ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M Derouchey ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of three fermented amino acids (AA) with their respective biomass compared to crystalline AA on the growth performance of swine and poultry. In experiment 1, 315 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, initially 11.3 ± 0.69 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 15 or 16 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (16% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Tryptophan:lysine [Trp:Lys] ratio), positive control (21% SID Trp:Lys ratio from crystalline Trp), or diets containing Trp with biomass to provide 21 or 23.5% SID Trp:Lys ratios, respectively. Pigs fed the positive control or low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the negative control diet, with pigs fed the high Trp with biomass diet intermediate. Pigs fed the low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control diet, with others intermediate. In experiment 2, 1,320 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 45.2 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 33 birds per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (58/58% Threonine:lysine [Thr:Lys] ratio), positive control (65/66% Thr:Lys ratio from crystalline Thr), or diets containing Thr with biomass to provide 65/66 or 69/70% Thr:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Thr with biomass diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to broilers fed the negative control diet. Broilers fed the positive control or the low Thr with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control and high Thr with biomass treatments. In experiment 3, 2,100 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 39.4 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 35 birds per pen and 15 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (59/63% Valine:lysine [Val:Lys] ratio), positive control (75/76% Val:Lys ratio from crystalline Val), or diets containing Val with biomass to provide 75/76 or 84/83% Val:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Val with biomass diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to those fed the negative control diet. In conclusion, Trp, Thr, or Val with their respective biomass appear to be equally bioavailable and a suitable alternative to crystalline AA in swine and poultry diets.

scholarly journals Growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing and finishing pigs fed multienzyme-supplemented low-energy and -amino acid diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 602-615
Author(s):  
Kevin Jerez-Bogota ◽  
Cristian Sánchez ◽  
Jimena Ibagon ◽  
Maamer Jlali ◽  
Pierre Cozannet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Diet Type

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing corn–soybean meal-based diets with a multienzyme on growth performance, bone mineralization, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients of growing pigs. A total of 276 pigs (body weight [BW] = 33.99 ± 4.3 kg) were housed by sex in 45 pens of 6 or 7 pigs and fed 5 diets (9 pens/diet) in a randomized complete block design. Diets were positive control (PC); and negative control 1 (NC1) or negative control 2 (NC2) without or with multienzyme. The multienzyme used supplied at least 1,800, 1,244, 6,600, and 1,000 units of xylanase, β-glucanase, arabinofuranosidase, and phytase per kilogram of diet, respectively. The PC diet was adequate in all nutrients according to NRC recommendations and had greater digestible P content than NC1 or NC2 diet by 0.134 percentage points. The PC diet had greater net energy (NE) and standardized ileal digestible amino acids (AA) content than NC1 diet by 3%, and than NC2 diet by 5%. The diets were fed in 4 phases based on BW: Phase 1: 34–50 kg; Phase 2: 50–75 kg; Phase 3: 75–100 kg; and Phase 4: 100–120 kg. Nutrient digestibility and bone mineralization were determined at the end of Phase 1. Overall (34–120 kg BW), pigs fed the PC and NC1 diets did not differ in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake. Pigs fed NC2 diet had lower (P < 0.05) ADG and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) than those fed PC diet. Pigs fed PC diet had greater (P < 0.05) bone ash content and ATTD of P than those fed NC1 diet. The ATTD of GE for PC diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that for NC2 diet, and tended to be greater (P < 0.10) than that for NC1 diet. Multienzyme interacted (P < 0.05) with negative control diet type on overall ADG and AID of GE such that multienzyme did not affect overall ADG and AID of GE for the NC1 diet, but increased (P < 0.05) overall ADG and AID of GE for NC2 diet by 5.09 and 8.74%, respectively. Multienzyme did not interact with negative control diet type on overall G:F, bone ash content, AID of AA, and ATTD of nutrients. Multienzyme increased (P < 0.05) overall G:F, AID of methionine, ATTD of GE and P, and tended to increase (P = 0.056) bone ash content. The ADG, bone ash content, and ATTD of GE and P for the multienzyme-supplemented diets were similar to (P > 0.10) PC diet. Thus, NE and digestible AA and P can be lowered by ≤5% in multienzyme-supplemented diets without effects on growth performance and bone ash of pigs.

scholarly journals PSV-10 Effects of storing three phytase sources for 90 days under high temperature and humidity on phytase stability, growth performance, and bone mineralization of nursery pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Carine M Vier ◽  
Mariana Boscato Menegat ◽  
Kiah M Gourley ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Phytase Activity ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Nursery Pig

Abstract This study evaluated storing 3 commercial phytases for 90 d in an environmental chamber set at 29.4°C and 75% humidity on phytase stability and nursery pig growth performance and bone mineralization. The phytases [HiPhos GT (20,000 FYT/g, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ); Axtra Phy TPT (20,000 FTU/g, Dupont, Wilmington, DE), and Quantum Blue G (40,000 FTU/g, AB Vista, Plantation, FL)] were kept as pure forms or blended in a vitamin-trace mineral (VTM) premix and sampled on d 0, 30, 60, and 90 of storage. Regardless of source and form, analyzed phytase activity decreased (linear, P < 0.001) as storage increased. Afterwards, 300 nursery pigs (11.7 kg BW) were assigned to 1 of 8 treatments in a RCBD with 4-5 pigs/pen and 8 pens/treatment. Treatments included a negative (NC, 0.12% aP) and positive control (PC, 0.27% aP) without phytase; or NC with added phytase to provide 0.15% aP (1,000, 651 and 500 FTU/kg for HiPhos, Axtra Phy, and Quantum Blue, respectively). Negative control with added phytase treatments were manufactured with each phytase source previously stored in pure form or VTM premix for 90d. Pigs fed PC had greater (P < 0.001) ADG compared to pigs fed Axtra Phy stored in VTM or NC. Feed intake was similar for PC, phytases stored in pure forms, and HiPhos and Quantum Blue stored in VTM, and greater (P < 0.001) than pigs fed NC. Pigs fed PC or HiPhos stored in pure form had improved (P < 0.001) G:F compared to pigs fed NC. Bone mineralization was greater (P < 0.001) for pigs fed PC compared to NC, phytases stored in VTM, and Axtra Phy and Quantum Blue stored in pure form. Regardless of source and form, phytase activity decreased as storage increased. In this study, bone ash was reduced when phytases were stored for 90d in a VTM compared to the PC.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Histidine on Growth Performance, Serum Amino Acids, and Intestinal Morphology and Microbiota Communities in Low Protein Diet-Fed Piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Meng Kang ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Jie Ma ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
Ke Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Blood Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Low Protein

Previous study showed that low protein diet-fed pigs are characterized by lower histidine concentration in the serum and muscle, suggesting that histidine may involve in protein-restricted response. Thus, the current study mainly investigated the effects of dietary histidine on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and amino acids, intestinal morphology, and microbiota communities in low protein diet-challenged-piglets. The results showed that protein restriction inhibited growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and amino acids, and gut microbiota but had little effect on intestinal morphology. Dietary supplementation with histidine markedly enhanced serum histidine level and restored tryptophan concentration in low protein diet-fed piglets, while growth performance and intestinal morphology were not markedly altered in histidine-treated piglets. In addition, histidine exposure failed to affect bacterial diversity (observed species, Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, ACE, and phylogenetic diversity), but histidine-treated piglets exhibited higher abundances of Butyrivibrio and Bacteroides compared with the control and protein-restricted piglets. In conclusion, dietary histidine in low protein diet enhanced histidine concentration and affected gut microbiota (Butyrivibrio and Bacteroides) but failed to improve growth performance and intestinal morphology.

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