271 Assessment of Efficacy of Deworming Options in Recently Weaned Beef Cattle Utilizing Different Anthelmintic Programs in the Southeast

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 141-142
Author(s):  
Shane R Hernandez ◽  
Dylan B Davis ◽  
Jennifer J Tucker ◽  
Brent Credille ◽  
R Lawton Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Conditioning Phase ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Random Block ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract This experiment measured the effect of three different deworming strategies on animal performance and Egg per gram (EPG) reduction during a pre-conditioning phase of beef calves using a completely random block designed with n = 797 calves (Year 1 = 263 ± 39 kg; Year 2 = 257 ± 37 kg) randomly assigned to one of four treatments: orally suspended oxfendazole (1ml/55 kgs; ORAL), transdermal eprinomectin (1ml/10 kgs; POUR), both anthelmintic (BOTH), and no treatment (CONT). Weaned calves at four University of Georgia research stations (Calhoun, Alapaha, Eatonton, JPC) were blocked by weight, age, and sex. Calves were weighed at weaning prior to treatment d 0 and on d 42. Fecal samples were collected on d 0 and d 14 from 40 calves per treatment. Anthelmintic resistance was determined if percent EPG reduction and Upper 95% confidence limit were below 95% and the lower 95% confidence limit were below 90%. The ADG was lowest (P < 0.001) for CONT (0.262 kg/d) compared to POUR, ORAL, and BOTH (0.370, 0.412, and 0.387 kg/d, respectively) Anthelmintic resistance to POUR was detected at Eatonton and Alapaha (47.4% and 15.4% reduction respectively), and deemed inconclusive at JPC and Calhoun (51.1% and 50.3% reduction respectively). Only ORAL and BOTH effectively reduced EPG counts across all four research units (> 97.9% reduction). While the POUR option improved animal performance, it was not effective at reducing EPG within the herd. This study demonstrated that the ORAL and BOTH treatments increased ADG compared to CONT and were effective at reducing EPG counts; however, BOTH costs, on average, $3.00 more than ORAL. Producers must consider the cost of each option when choosing a deworming strategy. Based on these results, using orally suspended oxfendazole is a more economical, and effective options to treat parasites during a pre-conditioning phase.

scholarly journals PSVI-22 Rumen microbiome of beef cattle is modulated by backgrounding systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
Bobwealth O Omontese ◽  
Ashok K Sharma ◽  
Jason Langlie ◽  
Joe Armstrong ◽  
Alfredo DiCostanzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Rumen Microbiome

Abstract Backgrounding (BKG) segment in beef production systems is characterized by utilization of different forages which affect growth performance and carcass characteristics. However, it is unclear how BKG systems impact rumen microbiome. We investigated rumen microbiome dynamics of beef calves under different BKG systems. At weaning, Angus and Angus x Simmental beef calves (n = 38) were stratified by age, weight, and sex in a completely randomized design into 1 of 3 BKG treatments for 55 d: 1) perennial pasture (PP; quackgrass, orchardgrass; smooth bromegrass, red clover, and alfalfa); 2) summer annual cover crop (CC; cereal oats, purple top turnips, hunter forage brassica, and graza forage radish); and 3) dry lot (DL; haylage, corn, and DDGS). After BKG, all calves were assigned to a high energy ration in a feedlot. Rumen sample was collected via esophageal tubing at weaning, BKG and feedlot. A total of 190 rumen fluid samples were used to sequence the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene on an Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that BKG systems largely influenced rumen bacterial communities. Specifically, microbiome composition and diversity were not different at weaning, diverged significantly during BKG (Shannon index, Bray Curtis distance metrics; P < 0.001) and homogenized during feedlot. During the BKG segment, the bacterial genera Agrobacterium, Coprococcus, and Ruminococcus were dominant in CC whereas Fibrobacteraceae and Mycoplasmataceae was most dominant in DL. Moreover, rumen microbiome patterns of CC and DL calves showed increased plasticity in early stages of development but not during feedlot with PP showing fewer changes over time. These results indicate that BKG systems significantly modulate the rumen microbiome of beef cattle and, underscore the importance of early developmental stages as potential targets for feeding interventions that can impact the animal microbiome to enhance animal performance.

1 Effect of Conditioning, Rest, and Post-rest Transport Duration on Welfare Indicators of Beef Cattle Transported by Road

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Daniela M Melendez ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Timothy D Schwinghamer ◽  
Derek B Haley ◽  
Karen S Schwartzkopf-Genswein
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of conditioning, rest, and post-rest transport duration on welfare indicators of 6–7 mo old beef calves. Three hundred and twenty-eight weaned calves (237 ± 29.7 kg BW) were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 × 2 nested factorial design: conditioning, conditioned (C) or non-conditioned (N); rest, 0 (R0) or 8 (R8) h, and post-rest transport, 4 (T4) or 15 (T15) h. Calves were sampled prior to the first loading (L1), after 20h of transport, prior to and after the additional 4 or 15-h transport, and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 d after transport ended. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Fixed effects included conditioning, transport and time nested within rest period, while random effects included animal and pen. Greater shrink (P < 0.01) was observed in C than N calves after the initial 20-h transport. The N calves had greater (P < 0.01) ADG than C calves between L1 and d 5, while C had greater (P < 0.01) ADG than N calves between 14 and 28 d. L-lactate concentrations and flight speed were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in C than N calves between L1 and d 5. The R8-T4 calves had greater (P < 0.01) ADG than R8-T15 calves between L1 and d 5. The R0-T4 calves had greater (P = 0.02) L-lactate concentrations than R0-T15 and R8-T4 calves on d 1. The R0 calves had greater (P < 0.01) ADG than R8 calves between 14 and 28 d. Preliminary results show physiological, behavioral, and performance differences across treatments, however, additional indicators are required to accurately assess the effect of conditioning, rest, and post-rest transport durations on calf welfare.

171 The Northeast Georgia Beef Cattle Short Course: An Eight-year Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
Marrissa J Blackwell ◽  
Alexa Lamm ◽  
R Lawton Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Knowledge Retention ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract A study was conducted to assess the economic impact and knowledge retention of participants that attended the Northeast Georgia Beef Cattle Short course over an eight-year period. The course is an educational program hosted by the University of Georgia Extension Service that brings evidence-based science, technology, and economic and management strategies to Georgia beef cattle producers. The short course is taught annually, lasts a full day, and offers guest speakers and demonstrations from University of Georgia faculty and staff along with industry professionals. Non-formal feedback received from participants showcases its value and supports its continuation, but little is known about how the program impacts beef production in Georgia. The goal of the study was to quantify the long-term impact of the short course while developing an assessment tool that can be used to analyze and improve the course moving forward. Qualtrics was used to distribute a survey to 308 attendees of the short course to gather information on respondents’ role in the cattle industry, knowledge of the concepts taught, comfort level utilizing what was learned, and self-reported economic impact. The response rate was 22% for this study. 41% of respondents are retired individuals, 18% were involved in agricultural production and the remainder of participants represented outside professions. 14% of respondents reported that they believed the knowledge they gained during the short course allowed them to save or gain more than $20 per head. An additional 84% reported an economic impact up to $20/head. The most frequently reported source of cattle information was extension programs, at 17%. Based on these data, Extension has a significant impact on the Georgia cattle industry. In order to further develop the program, the recommendation is made that future courses can be developed to further build relationships with cattle producers and larger operations across the state.

Age- and sex-related morphological and physiological differences influence escape capacity in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1021-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. De Neve ◽  
J. D. Ibañez-Alamo ◽  
M. Soler
Keyword(s):  
Escape Response ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
House Sparrows ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Age And Sex

Sexual dimorphism and age-related differences are sources that contribute to morphologic and physiologic variation within animal populations. Measurement of animal performance may indicate whether this variation is functionally relevant. Our study aimed to experimentally test this statement in a captive population of House Sparrows ( Passer domesticus (L., 1758)) by examining age- and sex-related differences in escape response and its relationship to several morphological (tarsus, wing, tail lengths, and body mass) and physiological traits (cell-mediated immunity, natural antibodies, complement activity, hematocrit, and stress response). Escape response from a predator is considered a good variable to measure animal performance, because natural selection clearly favours individuals that avoid predators successfully. Our experimental design also aimed to standardize possible confounding factors affecting escape behaviour under natural conditions. We exposed sparrows to short episodes of high predation risk by simulating the attack of a predator and assumed that the capture order of individuals was related to their escape capacity. The optimal strategy was the immediate escape response for all individuals. We found that first-year males were the best escapers. In support of the hypothesis, juvenile males gathered a better optimum of several morphological and physiological characters that related to capture order.

Anthelmintic resistance and management of nematode parasites on beef cattle-rearing farms in the North Island of New Zealand

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Jackson ◽  
AP Rhodes ◽  
WE Pomroy ◽  
DM Leathwick ◽  
DM West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
The North ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Cattle Rearing

A Comparison of Supplementary Feeding Systems for Twin Rearing Mule Ewes during Late Pregnancy and Early Lactation

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 77-77
Author(s):  
B G Merrell ◽  
S P Marsh ◽  
B A Hedley
Keyword(s):  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Feeding Systems

The results of a previous experiment showed that when the amount of compound feed fed to crossbred ewes during late pregnancy and early lactation was reduced, being replaced by feed-blocks, animal performance was maintained and that the cost of supplementary feeding was similar. In the same experiment, when compound was replaced totally by feed-blocks plus Scotmol® (a blend of molasses and pot ale syrup), feed costs were considerably reduced, but animal performance was not acceptable (Merrell and Marsh, 1994). In the current experiment done at ADAS Redesdale in 1994 the proportion of compound feed replaced by feed-blocks was increased compared with the previous experiment, in an attempt to reduce feed costs, and the feasibility of replacing part or all of the copmound with cane molasses and fishmeal was tested.

Effect of protein level in cereal based rations for Continental cross Holstein bulls and heifers

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
S.P Marsh ◽  
E Walters
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

The use of barley and a protein supplement such as soya bean meal as an ad libitum ration for intensively finished male beef calves has been well established and widely used since the conception of the cereal beef system in the 1960’s (Preston et al 1963). Rations on commercial beef units rearing Continental cross Holstein beef cattle are usually formulated to contain 175g CP/kg DM. With the recent fall in the price of barley there is increased interest in the cereal beef system for bull calves and late maturing Continental cross Holstein heifers. Increasing the proportion of barley in cereal beef rations can reduce ration costs and provided productivity is maintained, increase profit. There is also a paucity of information on the performance of heifers on the cereal beef system. The objective of this study was to evaluate feeding cereal based rations containing either 140 or 175g CP/kg DM to Continental cross Holstein bulls and heifers.

The effects of maxgrass treatment of bale silage on the performance of beef cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
J R Weddell
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
And Storage

Studies with beef cattle (Kennedy and Carson, 1991) and dairy cattle (Chamberlain et al, 1990) have shown responses in dry matter intake of silage and animal performance through applying Maxgrass silage additive to unwilted herbage ensiled in clamps. Maxgrass (BP Chemicals Ltd) contains (weight/volume) 68% ammonium hexamethanoate, 11% ammonium hexapropanoate and 2% octanoic acid.Research at Aberdeen has shown the benefits of using both inoculant (Weddell, 1990a) and formic acid based (Weddell, 1990b) additives on big bale silage which now constitutes around 15% of the total silage dry matter ensiled in the UK. The present study compared the effects on silage composition, animal performance and storage losses of Maxgrass treated with untreated big bale silage.Second cut perennial ryegrass herbage was wilted to a mean DM content of 230 g/kg then baled by fixed chamber baler. Mean water soluble carbohydrate was 100 g/kg DM. Alternate groups of six bales were left untreated or treated with Maxgrass silage additive at 7.4 1/tonne wilted grass.

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