Hematological and immunological responses to naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in newly received beef calves in a commercial stocker farm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afroza Akter ◽  
James M Caldwell ◽  
Gina M Pighetti ◽  
Elizabeth A Shepherd ◽  
Chika C Okafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract The objective was to determine temporal changes in hematological and immune parameters in response to naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in commercially managed stocker calves. Forty newly weaned beef steers purchased from auction markets were housed at a commercial stocker operation in Crossville, TN. Blood samples, rectal temperature, and thoracic ultrasonography (TUS; 1: normal to 3: severe) were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Castration status (FC: freshly castrated; PC: previously castrated) was determined on arrival based on presence of a fresh castration site at the scrotum. Calves received antibiotics for BRD based on clinical severity scoring (CSS; 0: moribund, 4: moribund) and rectal temperature. Complete blood counts (CBC) were performed. Calves were categorized based on the number of treatments (NumTrt) received (0x, 1x, and 2x). Temporal variations in CBC and immune parameters were analyzed using mixed model repeated measure ANOVA (Proc GLIMMIX; SAS 9.4). Variation of CBCs and immune parameters based on TUS was determined using mixed model ANOVA. There was a NumTrt by day interaction effect on the responses of white blood cells (WBC) (P = 0.04) and Haptoglobin (HPT) (P = 0.04). On d 21, WBC were greater in the 2x NumTrt group than other groups, but there were no differences in WBC between NumTrt levels on other days. Haptoglobin was greater in the 2x group on d 14 and 21 than 0x or 1x. Red blood cells (RBC) (P = 0.02) and WBC (P = 0.04) differed between FC and PC group, and lower RBC and WBC were observed in the FC group. A castration status × day effect for mean corpuscular volume (MCV; P = 0.04) was observed where FC group had higher MCV at d 14 and 21 than the PC group. Tumor necrosis factor-α differed based on NumTrt (P = 0.03) and higher concentrations were found in 2x group. We observed a day effect for IL-1β (P = 0.009) and TNF-α (P = 0.001). Significant effect of TUS on HPT at d 14 (P = 0.0004) and d 21 (P = 0.002) was observed. Combining HPT and platelet explained 15% of the variability in treatment status on a given day. Whereas HPT and hemoglobin explained 10% of the variability in lung consolidation status. Although hematological and immunological parameters varied largely in our study, the potential of combining HPT with hematological variables should be studied further. Results from this study would help in understanding temporal changes in CBC and immune parameters in newly received stocker cattle.

65 Immunological Changes in Response to Treatment of Bovine Respiratory Disease in Newly Received Commercial Stocker Calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
Afroza Akter ◽  
Elizabeth Shepherd ◽  
Marc Caldwell ◽  
Gina Pighetti ◽  
Liesel G Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Immunological Changes

Abstract Immunological changes in stocker calves treated for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) could indicate disease progression or treatment success. Our objective was to determine the changes in immune parameters in stocker calves in response to the number of treatments they received for BRD. Forty newly weaned crossbred beef steers purchased from the auction market were kept at a commercial stocker operation at Crossville during winter 2020. Calves were monitored for 4wks and blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. All calves were assigned a clinical severity scoring (CSS; 0: normal, 3: moribund) on each sampling day. Antibiotic treatment was assigned when calves were categorized as having BRD based on CSS and rectal temperature. Immune parameters (Haptoglobin, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNFα) were determined using commercial ELISA kits. Calves were categorized based on the cumulative number of treatments received by the end of study period (0x, 1x, and ≥2x). Proc GLIMMIX (SAS 9.4) was used to test the fixed effects of treatment number, day of treatment, and their interaction, accounting for day as a repeated measure. To achieve the normality of residuals, log transformation was performed. Significance was determined at α= 0.05. The incidence of BRD was 40% (16 out of 40). Haptoglobin concentration was higher (P = 0.02) in ≥2x (1.85 ± 0.30 mg/mL) compared to 0x (0.74 ± 0.21 mg/mL). A treatment by day interaction (P = 0.03) was observed for IL-8. On day 14, calves that were treated ≥2x times had higher IL-8 compared to the rest of the statuses; no differences were observed for other days between statuses. The lowest IL-1β (P = 0.04) and TNFα (P = 0.001) concentrations were observed on day 0. Results from this study provide an overview of the immunological changes occurring in BRD-affected stocker calves requiring different treatment numbers.

scholarly journals 235 Effects of rapamycin during an acute heat stress exposure in growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
Edith J Mayorga ◽  
Erin A Horst ◽  
Brady M Goetz ◽  
Sonia Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Megan A Abeyta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives were to determine the effects of rapamycin on biomarkers of metabolism and inflammation during acute heat stress (HS) in growing pigs. Crossbred barrows (n=32; 63.5±0.8 BW) where blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 therapeutic-environmental treatments: 1) thermoneutral (TN) control (n=8; TNCtl), 2) TN and rapamycin (n=8; TNRapa), 3) HS control (n=8; HSCtl), or 4) HS and rapamycin (n=8; HSRapa). The trial consisted of 2 experimental periods (P). During P1 (10d), pigs were fed ad libitum and housed in TN conditions (21.3±0.01°C). During P2 (24h), HSCtl and HSRapa pigs were exposed to constant HS (35.5±0.1°C); while TNCtl and TNRapa remained in TN conditions. Rapamycin (0.15 mg/kg BW) was orally administered twice daily (0700 and 1800 h) during P1 and P2. HS increased rectal temperature, skin temperature, and respiration rate compared to TN counterparts (1.28°C, 8.68°C, and 87 bpm, respectively; P< 0.01). Feed intake (FI) markedly decreased in HS relative to TN treatments (64%; P< 0.01). Additionally, pigs exposed to HS lost BW (4 kg; P< 0.01), while TN pigs gained BW (0.7 kg; P< 0.01). Overall, circulating white blood cells decreased in HS compared to TN pigs (19%; P=0.01). Circulating neutrophils did not differ across treatments; however, lymphocytes, monocytes, and basophils decreased in HS relative to TN pigs (23, 33, and 38%, respectively; P≤0.07). Despite marked changes in phenotypic parameters, circulating glucose and blood urea nitrogen did not differ among treatments (P >0.10). However, insulin:FI increased in HS relative to TN treatments (P=0.04). Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased in HS relative to TN treatments; although this difference was driven by increased NEFA in HSCtl compared to TN and HSRapa pigs (P< 0.01). In summary, pigs exposed to HS had altered phenotypic, metabolic, and leukocyte responses; however, rapamycin administration had little to no effect on any of the variables measured.

scholarly journals Could the Vitacel R200 improve the Immune Response and Hemato-Biochemical Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 332-336
Author(s):  
Ali Kane ◽  
Nabeel Al-Sharafi ◽  
Sabah Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Immune Parameters

The fermentable fiber, Vitacel R200 is industrial compound cellulose exerting many beneficial health effects at the hosts. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerling (120 ± 4.5 grams) were fed dietary 1% (10 g/kg feed) Vitacel R200 for 7 weeks, then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Two weeks after the challenge, hemato-biochemical and immune parameters in the challenged fish were studied. The lysozyme and complement activity, as well as, white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (Hb%), percentage of neutrophil and eosinophil in the fish fed Vitacel were significantly increased compared with the control group. Furthermore, the serum total protein, albumin, Na+, K+, P, and Ca++ concentrations in the fish fed diet containing 1% Vitacel were significantly increased, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as, cortisol, cholesterol, and glucose concentration were significantly decreased in comparison to the control group. These results concluded that dietary Vitacel could improve the hemato-biochemical and immune parameters, as well as, the stress response in O. mykiss infected with A. hydrophila.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Clinical and Hematobiochemical alterations in naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle calves in Egypt.

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-313
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ramadan ◽  
Mohamed Ghanem ◽  
Hossam Eldin El Attar ◽  
Yassen Abdel-Raoof ◽  
abdelghany abdelghany
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Predicting Bovine Respiratory Disease Outcome Using Latent Class Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Blakebrough-Hall ◽  
P. Hick ◽  
L.A. González
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Class Analysis

Abstract BackgroundBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most significant disease affecting feedlot cattle. Indicators of BRD often used in feedlots such as visual signs, rectal temperature, computer-assisted lung auscultation (CALA) score, the number of BRD treatments, presence of viral pathogens, viral seroconversion and lung damage at slaughter vary in their ability to predict an animal’s BRD outcome, and no studies have been published determining how a combination of these BRD indicators may define the number of BRD disease outcome groups. The objectives of the current study were 1) to identify BRD outcome groups using BRD indicators collected during the feeding phase and at slaughter through latent class analysis, and 2) to determine the importance of these BRD indicators to predict disease outcome. Animals with BRD (n=127) were identified by visual signs and removed from production pens for further examination. Control animals displaying no visual signs of BRD (n=143) were also removed and examined. Blood, nasal swab samples and clinical measurements were collected. Lung and pleural lesions indicative of BRD were scored at slaughter. Latent class analysis was applied to identify possible outcome groups. Results Three latent classes were identified in the best model fit, categorized as non-BRD, mild BRD and severe BRD. Animals in the mild BRD group had a higher probability of visual signs of BRD compared to animals with severe BRD. Animals in the severe BRD group were more likely to require more than one treatment for BRD and have ≥ 40oC rectal temperature, ≥ 10% total lung consolidation and severe pleural lesions at slaughter. Animals in the severe BRD group were also more likely to be naïve at feedlot entry and first BRD pull and have a positive nasal swab result for some BRD viruses. Lower overall ADG (average daily gain) was also associated with severe BRD (P < 0.001). Conclusions These results demonstrate that there are important indicators of BRD severity. Using this information to predict an animal’s BRD outcome would greatly enhance treatment efficacy and aid in better management of animals at risk of suffering from severe BRD.

scholarly journals Predicting bovine respiratory disease outcome in feedlot cattle using latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Blakebrough-Hall ◽  
Paul Hick ◽  
Luciano A González
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Disease Outcome ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Class Analysis

Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most significant disease affecting feedlot cattle. Indicators of BRD often used in feedlots such as visual signs, rectal temperature, computer-assisted lung auscultation (CALA) score, the number of BRD treatments, presence of viral pathogens, viral seroconversion, and lung damage at slaughter vary in their ability to predict an animal’s BRD outcome, and no studies have been published determining how a combination of these BRD indicators may define the number of BRD disease outcome groups. The objectives of the current study were (1) to identify BRD outcome groups using BRD indicators collected during the feeding phase and at slaughter through latent class analysis (LCA) and (2) to determine the importance of these BRD indicators to predict disease outcome. Animals with BRD (n = 127) were identified by visual signs and removed from production pens for further examination. Control animals displaying no visual signs of BRD (n = 143) were also removed and examined. Blood, nasal swab samples, and clinical measurements were collected. Lung and pleural lesions indicative of BRD were scored at slaughter. LCA was applied to identify possible outcome groups. Three latent classes were identified in the best model fit, categorized as non-BRD, mild BRD, and severe BRD. Animals in the mild BRD group had a higher probability of having visual signs of BRD compared with non-BRD and severe BRD animals. Animals in the severe BRD group were more likely to require more than 1 treatment for BRD and have ≥40 °C rectal temperature, ≥10% total lung consolidation, and severe pleural lesions at slaughter. Animals in the severe BRD group were also more likely to be naïve at feedlot entry and the first BRD pull for Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus, Bovine Parainfluenza 3 Virus, and Bovine Adenovirus and have a positive nasal swab result for Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 and Bovine Coronavirus. Animals with severe BRD had 0.9 and 0.6 kg/d lower overall ADG (average daily gain) compared with non-BRD animals and mild BRD animals (P &lt; 0.001). These results demonstrate that there are important indicators of BRD severity. Using this information to predict an animal’s BRD outcome would greatly enhance treatment efficacy and aid in better management of animals at risk of suffering from severe BRD.

scholarly journals Identifying Loci Associated With Bovine Corona Virus Infection and Bovine Respiratory Disease in Dairy and Feedlot Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer N. Kiser ◽  
Holly L. Neibergs
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Positional Candidate ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is associated with respiratory and enteric infections in both dairy and beef cattle worldwide. It is also one of a complex of pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD), which affects millions of cattle annually. The objectives of this study were to identify loci and heritability estimates associated with BCoV infection and BRD in dairy calves and feedlot cattle. Dairy calves from California (n = 1,938) and New Mexico (n = 647) and feedlot cattle from Colorado (n = 915) and Washington (n = 934) were tested for the presence of BCoV when classified as BRD cases or controls following the McGuirk scoring system. Two comparisons associated with BCoV were investigated: (1) cattle positive for BCoV (BCoV+) were compared to cattle negative for BCoV (BCoV−) and (2) cattle positive for BCoV and affected with BRD (BCoV+BRD+) were compared to cattle negative for BCoV and BRD (BCoV−BRD−). The Illumina BovineHD BeadChip was used for genotyping, and genome-wide association analyses (GWAA) were performed using EMMAX (efficient mixed-model association eXpedited). The GWAA for BCoV+ identified 51 loci (p &lt; 1 × 10−5; 24 feedlot, 16 dairy, 11 combined) associated with infection with BCoV. Three loci were associated with BCoV+ across populations. Heritability estimates for BCoV+ were 0.01 for dairy, 0.11 for feedlot cattle, and 0.03 for the combined population. For BCoV+BRD+, 80 loci (p &lt; 1 × 10−5; 26 feedlot, 25 dairy, 29 combined) were associated including 14 loci across populations. Heritability estimates for BCoV+BRD+ were 0.003 for dairy, 0.44 for feedlot cattle, and 0.07 for the combined population. Several positional candidate genes associated with BCoV and BRD in this study have been associated with other coronaviruses and respiratory infections in humans and mice. These results suggest that selection may reduce susceptibility to BCoV infection and BRD in cattle.

PREVENTION OF MYELOSUPPRESSION BY COMBINED TREATMENT WITH ENTEROSORBENT AND GRANULOCYTE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
O O Shevchuk ◽  
K A Posokhova ◽  
I Todor ◽  
N Yu Lukianova ◽  
V G Nikolaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Cytostatic Drug ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Colonystimulating Factor ◽  
Wbc Count

Hematotoxicity and its complication are the prominent limiting factors for rational treatment of malignancies. Granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) is used to increase granulocyte production. It has been shown previously that enterosorption causes prominent myeloprotective activity also. Still, no trial was performed to combine both of them. Aim: To study the influence of combination of enterosorption and pharmaceutical analogue of naturally occurring G-CSF (filgrastim) on bone marrow protection and the growth of grafted tumor in a case of injection of melphalan (Mel). Materials and Methods: Mel injections were used for promotion of bone marrow suppression in rats. Carbon granulated enterosorbent C2 (IEPOR) was used for providing of enteral sorption detoxifying therapy. Filgrastim was used to increase white blood cells (WBC) count. Results: The simultaneous usage of enterosorption and filgrastim had maximum effectiveness for restoring of all types of blood cells. WBC count was higher by 138.3% compared with the Mel group. The increase of platelets count by 98.5% was also observed. In the group (Mel + C2 + filgrastim) the absolute neutrophils count was twofold higher, in comparison with rats of Mel group. Conclusion: Simultaneous admin istration of G-CSF-analogue and carbonic enterosorbent C2 is a perspective approach for bone marrow protection, when the cytostatic drug melphalan is used. Such combination demonstrates prominent positive impact on restoring of all types of blood cells and had no influence on the antitumor efficacy.

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