scholarly journals 338 Effect of Calcium Oxide Treatment of Barley Straw on In Vitro & In Situ Digestibility.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K Stehr ◽  
L Santos ◽  
G Ribeiro ◽  
J McKinnon ◽  
D Gibb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Barley Straw

In vitro and in situ evaluation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) hay and straw

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

The in vitro and in situ nutrient degradabilities of fenugreek hay and straw relative to late-cut alfalfa hay and barley straw were determined. Results indicated that the nutritive value of fenugreek hay was comparable to late cut alfalfa hay while that of genugreek straw was lower than barley straw. Key words: Fenugreek, hay, straw

The effect of method of alkali treatment on straw digestion by cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 136-136
Author(s):  
H.M. Ferreiro ◽  
J.D. Sutton ◽  
A. Boodoo ◽  
D.J. Napper
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Simple Change ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Single Batch

Alkali treatment increases the digestibility of straw but processing methods and the effectiveness differ widely. The aim of this study was to compare an on-farm method producing chopped straw (C) with an industrial process producing coarsely ground straw (Viton) (G) (Wilson and Brigstocke, 1967).Four dry Friesian cows, each with a large rumen cannula and a simple cannula in the proximal duodenum, were given (kg dry matter (DM)/day): 3.4 concentrate (180 g crude protein/kg DM) and 3.1 C or G alkali-treated straws in one meal daily in a simple change-over design. A single batch of spring barley straw was used and was treated with about 40 g NaOH/kg either by an on-farm process giving particles about 10 cm long (C) or by an industrial process giving coarsely-ground straw in a pellet (Viton) (G). Spot samples of digesta were taken from the duodenum for measurement of digestion in the stomach, using chromic oxide paper, and for measurement of the rate of passage of indigestible residues using magenta-stained straw. Eating behaviour and reticular movements were measured by use of balloons (Balch, 1971). Straw DM digestibility was measured over 48 h in vitro and by dacron bags (in situ) (Ørskov and McDonald, 1979).

scholarly journals Comparison of in vitro gas production technique with in situ nylon bag technique to estimate dry matter degradation

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamalak ◽  
O. Canbolat ◽  
Y. Gurbuz ◽  
O. Ozay
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

Dry matter (DM) degradation of wheat straw (WS), barley straw (BS), lucerne hay (LH) and maize silage (MS) was determined using two different techniques: (i) in vitro gas production and (ii) nylon bag degradability technique. In vitro gas production and in situ DM disappearance were measured after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. In situ and in vitro DM degradation kinetics was described using the equation y = a + b (1 &ndash; e<sup>ct</sup>). In all incubations there were significant (P &lt; 0.001) correlations between gas production and in situ DM disappearance or estimated parameters ((a + b)<sub>ga</sub><sub>s</sub> and (a + b)<sub>is</sub> or (a + b)<sub>gas</sub> and EDMD<sub>is</sub>) whereas there were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) correlations between c<sub>gas</sub> and c<sub>is</sub> or b<sub>gas</sub> and b<sub>is</sub>. Gas production from the insoluble fraction (b) alone explained 98.3% of the variation of EDMD. The inclusion of gas production from the quickly soluble fraction (a) and rate constant (c) of gas production in the regression equation improved the accuracy of EDMD prediction. The correlations between the results of both methodologies seem to be sufficiently strong to predict degradability parameters from gas production parameters. It was concluded that the in vitro gas production technique has good potentiality to predict in situ DM disappearance and some DM degradation parameters. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Differences in microbial fermentation of barley straw induced by its treatment with anhydrous ammonia

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fondevila ◽  
G. Muñoz ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
F. Vicente ◽  
S. M. Martín-Orúe
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe effect of ammonia treatment of straw on both the rumen environment and the extent of its microbial fermentation was studied. Four rumen cannulated sheep were randomly given 700 g/day of untreated straw plus urea (US), ammonia-treated straw (TS) and alfalfa hay (AH) in a change-over design with three periods. Rumen pH was lower and ammonia-nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were higher (P < 0·001) with AH than with US or TS. With the straw diets, TS promoted a lower pH than US (P < 0·05), but differences were less than 0·3 units and the mean pH was never below 6·5. There were no differences between the straw diets in ammonia-nitrogen or VFA concentration (P > 0·05). When untreated barley straw (BS) and treated straw (TS) were incubated in situ disappearance of dry matter (dDM) at 12, 24 and 48 h (P < 0·01) and neutral-detergent fibre (dNDF) at 48 h (P < 0·001) were higher with TS. In vitro incubation showed a higher gas production with TS only after 36 h (P < 0·05) whereas gas from BS fermentation was higher up to 14 h (P < 0·05). Among diets, dDM, dNDF and gas production with US were numerically higher than with TS or AH throughout, although few significant differences were observed, except for a higher dDM at 12 (P < 0·01) and 24 (P < 0·10) h and a higher dNDF at 12 h (P < 0·10). Particle-associated enzymes were extracted from BS and TS incubated in the rumen for 4, 8, 22 and 24 h. Results ofxylanase and cellulase activities support those of straw incubation, with a drop between 4 and 8 h in TS diet. The concentration of residual phenolics per unit of incubated straws after 12 and 24 h show that phenolics release to the media was higher with the TS diet. Daily changes of phenolic concentration into rumen liquid was also higher with TS than with US (P < 0·001). The increased release of straw phenolics by ammoniation reduced the potential for rumen degradation of straw, mainly in the first hours of the fermentation period.

Study of the relation between straw quality and its colonization by rumen micro-organisms

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Bhat ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Barley Straw ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Cmcase Activity ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Micro Organisms

SummaryThe relation between the dry-matter degradability (DMD) of different cultivars of barley straw and their colonization by rumen micro-organisms was studied in incubations of straw with the mixed populationin situand with pure cultures of rumen bacteriain vitro.The total attached populationin situwas quantified by particle-associated i glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, while the cellulolytic population was assessed by bound carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activity. CMCase reached a peak between 24 and 36 h incubation, and the peak activity was highly correlated with DMD between 24 ) and 96 h. After 36 h, CMCase activity declined, particularly with the more degradable (varieties. GDH continued to increase after 36 h and had no relation to DMD. The adhesion of pure cultures of both cellulolytic and non-cellulolytic bacteria was measured i turbidimetrically in a 30 min incubation. No relation was found between DMD and the extent of adhesion by any ofRuminococcus flavefaciens, Bacteroides succinogenes,Butyrivibrio fibrisolvensorSelenomonas ruminantium.It was concluded the rate of degradation of straw is not determined by the initial rate of attachment of cellulolytic micro-organisms, but by the way in which colonization subsequently develops after attachment takes place

scholarly journals Influence of calcium oxide level and time of exposure to sugarcane on in vitro and in situ digestive kinetics

2009 ◽  
Vol 153 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Pina ◽  
L.O. Tedeschi ◽  
S.C. Valadares Filho ◽  
J.A.G. Azevedo ◽  
E. Detmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide

1451 Ruminal in situ degradability and in vitro organic matter digestibility of peanut hulls under different incubation times with calcium oxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 704-704
Author(s):  
F. M. Ciriaco ◽  
D. D. Henry ◽  
R. Beierbach ◽  
T. M. Schulmeister ◽  
M. Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Peanut Hulls ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

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