scholarly journals 208 Molecular mechanisms through which heat stress compromises reproduction in pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 120-120
Author(s):  
Jason W Ross ◽  
Benjamin J Hale ◽  
Jacob T Seibert ◽  
Matthew R Romoser ◽  
Malavika K Adur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Seasonal Infertility

Abstract Seasonal variations in environmental temperatures impose added stress on domestic species bred for economically important production traits. These heat-mediated stressors vary on a seasonal, daily, or spatial scale, and negatively impact behavior and reduce feed intake and growth rate, which inevitably leads to reduced herd productivity. The seasonal infertility observed in domestic swine is primarily characterized by depressed reproductive performance manifesting as delayed puberty onset, reduced farrowing rates, and extended weaning-to-estrus intervals. Understanding the effects of heat stress at the organismal, cellular, and molecular level is a prerequisite to identifying mitigation strategies that could reduce the economic burden of compromised reproduction. Additionally, hyperthermia experienced in utero influences industry-relevant postnatal phenotypes. Understanding tissue-specific molecular mechanisms through which heat stress confers suppressed reproductive ability is essential to the development of mitigation focused hypothesis driven solutions. This work was supported by the National Pork Board and the Iowa Pork Producers Association.

scholarly journals Effects of increased ambient temperature and supplemental altrenogest prior to pregnancy establishment in gilts

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R Romoser ◽  
Katie L Bidne ◽  
Lance H Baumgard ◽  
Aileen F Keating ◽  
Jason W Ross
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Uterine Flushing

Abstract Heat stress (HS) mitigation strategies are critically needed to combat the substantial economic effects on animal agriculture. The manifestations of seasonal infertility include delayed puberty onset, reduced conception rates, decreased litter size, and increased wean to estrus interval. To assess the effects of HS during early gestation and evaluate a benefit of supplemental altrenogest (ALT) as a mitigation strategy, thirty crossbred post-pubertal gilts (157 ± 11 kg) were subjected to estrous synchronization via 14 d oral administration of ALT. Artificial insemination during estrus was performed and gilts were then placed into one of four treatment groups; heat stress (HS; 35 ± 1 οC for 12h/31.60 ± 1 οC for 12h) with (HSALT, n = 7) or without (HSCON, n = 7) 15 mg/d ALT supplementation or thermal neutral (TN; 20 ± 1 οC) conditions with (TNALT, n = 8) or without (TNCON, n = 8) 15 mg/d ALT supplementation until 12 d post-estrus (dpe). Administrating ALT occurred at 0600 h from 3-12 dpe and rectal temperatures (TR) and respiration rates (RR) were recorded. Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture on 0, 4, 8 and 12 dpe. Gilts were euthanized humanely at 12 dpe followed by collection of ovarian tissue, and uterine flushing for conceptus collection. In HS compared to TN gilts, RR and TR were increased (P < 0.01) but unaffected by ALT supplementation. Feed intake (FI) was reduced (P < 0.01) by HS but unaltered by ALT treatment. Corpora lutea (CL) weight was reduced (P < 0.01) in HSCON gilts when compared to TNCON and HSALT gilts despite progesterone (P4) concentrations in serum and luteal tissue not being affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.10). CL diameter was reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in HSALT gilts compared to other treatments. Interleukin-1β (IL1B) uterine flush concentration was not affected (P > 0.20) by environment or ALT supplementation, although moderate (P = 0.06) interaction between environment and ALT existed, as IL1B concentration in TNALT was increased (P = 0.03) compared to TNCON gilts. While environment did not affect conceptus development (P = 0.90), ALT supplementation advanced conceptus elongation (P < 0.01). Collectively, these data demonstrate that HS may affect luteal development prior to pregnancy establishment, and ALT increases conceptus elongation by12 dpe.

scholarly journals Differential Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses to Heat Stress in Two Blueberry Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2481
Author(s):  
Jodi Callwood ◽  
Kalpalatha Melmaiee ◽  
Krishnanand P. Kulkarni ◽  
Amaranatha R. Vennapusa ◽  
Diarra Aicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Go Terms

Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are highly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, especially increasing temperatures. To gain insight into mechanisms underpinning the response to heat stress, two blueberry species were subjected to heat stress for 6 and 9 h at 45 °C, and leaf samples were used to study the morpho-physiological and transcriptomic changes. As compared with Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium darrowii exhibited thermal stress adaptation features such as small leaf size, parallel leaf orientation, waxy leaf coating, increased stomatal surface area, and stomatal closure. RNAseq analysis yielded ~135 million reads and identified 8305 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during heat stress against the control samples. In V. corymbosum, 2861 and 4565 genes were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h of heat stress, whereas in V. darrowii, 2516 and 3072 DEGs were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h, respectively. Among the pathways, the protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was the highly enriched pathway in both the species: however, certain metabolic, fatty acid, photosynthesis-related, peroxisomal, and circadian rhythm pathways were enriched differently among the species. KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed important biosynthesis and metabolic pathways crucial in response to heat stress. The GO terms enriched in both the species under heat stress were similar, but more DEGs were enriched for GO terms in V. darrowii than the V. corymbosum. Together, these results elucidate the differential response of morpho-physiological and molecular mechanisms used by both the blueberry species under heat stress, and help in understanding the complex mechanisms involved in heat stress tolerance.

143 Heat Stress Mitigation Strategies for Boars and Impact of Most Effective on Sperm Parameters.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 76-76
Author(s):  
E D Grusenmeyer ◽  
T J Safranski ◽  
M C Lucy ◽  
K Kerns ◽  
P Sutovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Sperm Parameters

scholarly journals Differential Expression Gene/Protein Contribute to Heat Stress-Responsive in Tetraena propinqua in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayat Ali Alafari ◽  
Magda Abdelgawad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Dual Specificity ◽  
Differential Expression Gene ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

Abstract BackgroundWithin their natural habitat, plants are subjected to abiotic stresses that include heat stress. In the current study, the effect of 4h, 24h and 48h of heat stress on Tetraena propinqua ssp. migahidii seedling’s protein profile and proteomic analyses were investigated. ResultsTotal soluble protein SDS-PAGE profile showed 18-protein bands downregulated at 4h and 48h, however, 20-protein bands were upregulated at 24h of heat stress. A proteomic analysis showed that 81 and 59 targets are involved in gene and protein expression respectively. ConclusionsThe genes and proteins involved in transcription, translation, photosynthesis, transport and other unknown metabolic processes, were differentially expressed under treatments of heat stress. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms related to heat stress, in addition to its influence on the physiological traits of T. propinqua seedlings. Heat stress mediated differential regulation genes indicate a role in development and stress response of T. propinqua. The candidate dual specificity genes identified in this study paves way for more molecular analysis of up- and down-regulation.

scholarly journals Seascape genomics reveals candidate molecular targets of heat stress adaptation in three coral species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Selmoni ◽  
Gaël Lecellier ◽  
Hélène Magalon ◽  
Laurent Vigliola ◽  
Francesca Benzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Apoptotic Pathways

AbstractAnomalous heat waves are causing a major decline of hard corals around the world and threatening the persistence of coral reefs. There are, however, reefs that had been exposed to recurrent thermal stress over the years and whose corals appeared tolerant against heat. One of the mechanisms that could explain this phenomenon is local adaptation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly known.In this work, we applied a seascape genomics approach to study heat stress adaptation in three coral species of New Caledonia (southwestern Pacific) and to uncover molecular actors potentially involved. We used remote sensing data to characterize the environmental trends across the reef system, and sampled corals living at the most contrasted sites. These samples underwent next generation sequencing to reveal single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) of which frequencies associated with heat stress gradients. As these SNPs might underpin an adaptive role, we characterized the functional roles of the genes located in their genomic neighborhood.In each of the studied species, we found heat stress associated SNPs notably located in proximity of genes coding for well-established actors of the cellular responses against heat. Among these, we can mention proteins involved in DNA damage-repair, protein folding, oxidative stress homeostasis, inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. In some cases, the same putative molecular targets of heat stress adaptation recurred among species.Together, these results underscore the relevance and the power of the seascape genomics approach for the discovery of adaptive traits that could allow corals to persist across wider thermal ranges.

scholarly journals Genomewide Association Analyses of Lactation Persistency and Milk Production Traits in Holstein Cattle Based on Imputed Whole-Genome Sequence Data

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1830
Author(s):  
Victor B. Pedrosa ◽  
Flavio S. Schenkel ◽  
Shi-Yi Chen ◽  
Hinayah R. Oliveira ◽  
Theresa M. Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
North American ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Production Traits

Lactation persistency and milk production are among the most economically important traits in the dairy industry. In this study, we explored the association of over 6.1 million imputed whole-genome sequence variants with lactation persistency (LP), milk yield (MILK), fat yield (FAT), fat percentage (FAT%), protein yield (PROT), and protein percentage (PROT%) in North American Holstein cattle. We identified 49, 3991, 2607, 4459, 805, and 5519 SNPs significantly associated with LP, MILK, FAT, FAT%, PROT, and PROT%, respectively. Various known associations were confirmed while several novel candidate genes were also revealed, including ARHGAP35, NPAS1, TMEM160, ZC3H4, SAE1, ZMIZ1, PPIF, LDB2, ABI3, SERPINB6, and SERPINB9 for LP; NIM1K, ZNF131, GABRG1, GABRA2, DCHS1, and SPIDR for MILK; NR6A1, OLFML2A, EXT2, POLD1, GOT1, and ETV6 for FAT; DPP6, LRRC26, and the KCN gene family for FAT%; CDC14A, RTCA, HSTN, and ODAM for PROT; and HERC3, HERC5, LALBA, CCL28, and NEURL1 for PROT%. Most of these genes are involved in relevant gene ontology (GO) terms such as fatty acid homeostasis, transporter regulator activity, response to progesterone and estradiol, response to steroid hormones, and lactation. The significant genomic regions found contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to LP and milk production in North American Holstein cattle.

Climate Change and Livestock Fertility

2022 ◽  
pp. 1256-1277
Author(s):  
Vishakha Shrimali ◽  
Nibedita Naha ◽  
Sukanta Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Global Threat

Climate change is a global threat to livestock sector to so many species and ecosystem in different parts of the world. Climate change, heat stress, and nutritional stress are the major intriguing factors responsible for reduced fertility in farm animals in tropical countries. Heat and nutritional stresses affect the reproductive performance by decreasing the expression of estrous behavior, altering ovarian follicular development and hormonal profiles, compromising oocyte competence, and inhibiting embryonic development in livestock. Climate is changed by greenhouse gases that released into atmosphere through man-made activities. Livestock contribute 18% of the production of greenhouse gases itself and causes climate change including heat stress, which has direct and indirect impact on fertility of the animals as well as reduce milk production. Adaptation to climate change and lowering its negative effect by alteration of animal micro-environment using different essential technologies are the main mitigation strategies to recover heat stress damage in this respect.

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