scholarly journals Effect of l-carnitine supplementation and sugar beet pulp inclusion in gilt gestation diets on gilt live weight, lactation feed intake, and offspring growth from birth to slaughter1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4208-4218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel B Rooney ◽  
Keelin O’Driscoll ◽  
John V O’Doherty ◽  
Peadar G Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of l-carnitine (CAR) and sugar beet pulp (SBP) inclusion in gilt gestation diets on gilt live weight, cortisol concentration, lactation feed intake, and lifetime growth of progeny. Eighty-four pregnant gilts (Large White × Landrace) were randomly assigned to a treatment at day 38 of gestation until parturition; Control (0% SBP, 0 g CAR), CAR (0.125 g/d CAR), SBP (40% SBP), and SBP plus CAR (40% SBP, 0.125 g/d CAR). Gilts were weighed and back-fat depth was recorded on day 38, day 90, and day 108 of gestation and at weaning. Gilt saliva samples were collected pre-farrowing and fecal consistency was scored from entry to the farrowing room until day 5 post-partum. The number of piglets born (total, live, and stillborn) and individual birth weight was recorded. Piglet blood glucose concentration was measured 24 h post-partum and pigs were weighed on day 1, day 6, day 14, day 26, day 76, day 110, and day 147 of life. Carcass data were collected at slaughter. There was no interaction between CAR and SBP for any variable measured. The SBP-fed gilts were heavier on day 90 and day 108 of gestation (P < 0.05) and lost more weight during lactation (P < 0.05) than control gilts. They also had a greater fecal consistency score (P < 0.01). Total farrowing duration, piglet birth interval, and lactation feed intakes were similar between treatments (P > 0.05). The number of piglets born (total, live, and stillborn) and piglet birth weight was likewise similar between treatments (P > 0.05). Piglets from CAR-fed gilts had lower blood glucose concentrations (P < 0.01), while piglets from SBP-fed gilts had greater blood glucose concentrations (P < 0.01). Piglets from CAR gilts had a lower average daily gain between day 1 and day 6 (P < 0.05) and day 14 and day 26 post-partum (P < 0.05) compared to piglets from control gilts. However, CAR gilts weaned a greater number of pigs (P = 0.07). Live weight and carcass weight at slaughter were heavier for pigs from CAR gilts (P < 0.05) and from SBP gilts (P < 0.05). Pigs from CAR gilts (P < 0.01) and SBP gilts (P < 0.05) had increased carcass muscle depth. In conclusion, no benefit was found from the combined feeding of CAR and SBP. Fed separately, CAR increased the live weight, carcass weight, and muscle depth of progeny at slaughter. Feeding a high SBP diet increased fecal consistency in gilts pre-farrowing and increased live weight and carcass muscle depth of progeny.

The relationship between live weight and the intake of bulky foods in pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Whittemore ◽  
G. C. Emmans ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
High Bulk

AbstractData from pigs between 12 and 120 kg live weight were used to develop a relationship between the capacity for food bulk and live weight. High bulk foods, intended to limit growth, were offered for 21 days to pigs of 12, 36 (600 g sugar-beet pulp per kg (SBP60)) and 108 (800 g sugar-beet pulp per kg (SBP80)) kg live weight. Control pigs were given a low bulk food C at all weights. After 21 days the pigs were slaughtered and measurements made on the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). In two additional treatment groups SBP60was offered from a weight of either 36 kg or 72 kg before SBP80was offered at 108 kg. Daily live-weight gain, after allowing for the effects of a change of gut fill, was less at all weights on the high bulk foods than on C. At all weights the high bulk foods caused a significant increase in the weights of the stomach, large intestine, caecum and gut fill. Effects on the weight of the small intestine were small. Previous nutrition had no significant effect on the adapted performance, or on the size of the GIT, of pigs given SBP80at 108 kg but pre-feeding SBP60significantly increased initial consumption of SBP80. Constrained intake was not directly proportional to live weight beyond 40 kg. The absolute capacity for bulk (Cap, kg water-holding capacity per day) was related to live weight (W, kg) by the quadratic function Cap = (0·192.W) - (0·000299.W2). The value of Cap is predicted to reach a maximum when W = 321 kg. The combined weights of the large intestine and caecum (WLIC) changed with W in ways that were similar to the way in which Cap changed. In addition the ratio of Cap to WLIC was close to constant. The combined weight of the large intestine and the caecum may determine the capacity for food bulk in pigs.

Tests of two theories of food intake using growing pigs 2. The effect of a period of reduced growth rate on the subsequent intake of foods of differing bulk content

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Whittemore ◽  
G.C. Emmans ◽  
B.J. Tolkamp ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Bulk Content ◽  
High Bulk ◽  
Subsequent Intake

AbstractThe effect of a period of feeding on a high bulk food, upon the subsequent intake of foods of differing bulk content, was investigated in two experiments of the same design. The intention was to provide a severe test of the two current conceptual frameworks available for the prediction and understanding of food intake. In each experiment 40 male Manor Meishan pigs were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups at weaning. Each experiment was split into two periods, P1 (12 to 18 kg) and P2 (18 to 32 kg). The treatments, all with ad libitum feeding, were: a control food (C) given throughout (treatment CC); a medium bulk food (M) given throughout (treatment MM); a high bulk food (H) given in P1 and then C in P2 (treatment HC); H given in P1 and M in P2 (treatment HM). C was based on micronized wheat with 13·4 MJ digestible energy and 243 g crude protein per kg fresh food. In experiment 1 M contained 350 g/kg and H 560 g/kg of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp and in experiment 2 M contained 500 g/kg and H 700 g/kg of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp. Framework 1 predicted that food intake on the medium bulk food (M) would not be increased, whereas framework 2 predicted that intake on M would be increased after a period of feeding on H, compared with when M was offered continuously.In P1, both food intake (P < 0·01) and growth (P < 0·001) were severely limited on H compared with C. In experiment 1 growth was limited on M compared with C during the first 7 days of P1 (P < 0·01) only. In experiment 2 intake (P < 0·001) and growth (P < 0·001) on M were limited throughout P1, compared with C but not thereafter. Therefore, in neither experiment did M cause a lower growth rate than C from 18 to 32 kg. In experiment 1 there was full adaptation to M after about 10 days from 12 kg. In experiment 2 adaptation was complete by the end of the first 7 days from 18 kg.In P2, food intake (P < 0·001) and live-weight gain (P < 0·05 and P < 0·001 in experiments 1 and 2, respectively) were increased on HC compared with CC. By the last 7 days of P2 intake was still higher (P < 0·01) but growth rate was no longer different to CC. Intake and gain were increased in P2 on HM compared with MM but, in general, these differences were small and not significant. In the first 7 days of P2, in experiment 1 pigs on HM had higher intakes (P < 0·001) and gains (P < 0·05) than those on MM, but in experiment 2 only intake was higher (P < 0·01) with no difference in gain. By the last 7 days of P2 there was no difference in either intake or gain between these two groups in either experiment. Pigs on HC increased intake by more than those on HM. There was, therefore, a significant interaction for food intake (P < 0·05, in experiment 1 and P < 0·001, in experiment 2) between prior and present food.The unexpected failure of either M food to limit growth throughout the experimental period meant that the results of these experiments could not be used as a strong test to reject either one of the frameworks. However, the ability of the pigs to compensate on M was less than that on C. The data provide some evidence that under conditions of compensation foods such as M may be limiting. This is in closer agreement with the framework that predicted that consumption of a limiting food will not increase after a period of feeding on a high bulk food (framework 1).

Feed Intake of Young Double-Muscled Bulls Fed on Grass and Supplemented with Sugar-Beet Pulp

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Fiems ◽  
J. L. de Boever ◽  
S. de Campeneere ◽  
J. M. Vanacker
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Beet Pulp

Timing of fish meal supplementation for finishing beef cattle offered grass silage

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
P S Kirby ◽  
N A Watson ◽  
D G Rennie ◽  
T O Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Beet Pulp

Results from three previous experiments with finishing cattle on an 18-month beef system indicate that the major increases in daily live-weight gain (DLG) occur within the first 50 to 60 days of supplementation with fish meal. Hence, it may be possible to remove fish meal from the diet after the initial two months of the finishing winter without any subsequent effect on animal performance.For the last nine weeks at grass the experimental cattle were given 1.4-kg/head/day dried sugar beet pulp nuts. On housing this allowance was increased to 3.0 kg and the 48 British Friesian steers were offered grass silage ad libitum (round bale silage for one week and precision-chopped clamp silage thereafter). The 3.0-kg dried sugar beet pulp was given for five days and after a 10-day changeover period the nuts were replaced by 15-kg potatoes. Cattle were offered the basal diet of precision-chopped silage and potatoes for 12 days before starting the experiment.Steers were implanted with 300-mg trenbolone acetate (Finaplix, Hoechst UK Ltd, Milton Keynes) and 36-mg zeranol (Ralgro, Crown Chemical Company Ltd, Lamberhurst) 20 days before randomisation.

PSVII-6 Hindgut disappearance of nutrients in a diet containing sugar beet pulp was greater than that in a diet containing corn cob with no effect of feed intake in growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 412-412
Author(s):  
Dong Uk Ha ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fiber ◽  
Beet Pulp

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of feed intake (FI) and fiber source on hindgut disappearance of energy and nutrients in pigs. Ten canulated barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 38.3 ± 5.4 kg were allotted to a replicated 5 × 4 Latin square design with 5 treatments and 4 periods. A corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (BD) and 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 amounts of FI (9.0 and 4.5% × BW0.75) and 2 fiber sources of sugar beet pulp (SBP) and corn cob were used. Three diets were 1) a BD, 2) a diet replacing 30% of corn and soybean meal in BD with SBP as a source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and 3) a diet replacing 15% of corn and soybean meal in BD with corn cobs as a source of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) to obtain a similar IDF concentration as in the SBP diet. Each period consisted of 7-d adaptation, 2-d fecal collection, and 2-d ileal collection. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of energy, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) in SBP diet was less (P &lt; 0.001) than that in corn cob diet, whereas AID of neutral detergent fiber in SBP were greater (P &lt; 0.001) than in corn cob diet. Hindgut disappearance of energy, DM, OM, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber in SBP diet was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than that in corn cob diet. However, no interaction between FI and fiber source on the AID, apparent total tract digestibility, and hindgut disappearance of nutrients was observed. Overall, hindgut disappearance of nutrients in sugar beet pulp diet was greater than that in corn cob diet. However, the influence of feed intake or the interaction between feed intake and fiber source was not observed.

PSVII-5 Influences of feed intake and fiber source on energy and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 411-412
Author(s):  
Dong Uk Ha ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Beet Pulp

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of feed intake (FI) and fiber source on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrients in pigs. Twelve barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 34.0 ± 2.6 kg were allotted to a replicated 6 × 4 Latin square design with 6 treatments and 4 periods. The 6 treatments were consisted of a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 2 amounts of FI (9.0 and 4.5% × BW0.75) and 3 dietary fiber sources. Three diets were 1) a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (BD), 2) a diet replacing 30% of corn and soybean meal in BD with sugar beet pulp (SBP) as a source of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and 3) a diet replacing 15% of corn and soybean meal in BD with corn cobs as a source of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) to obtain a similar IDF concentration as in the SBP diet. Following a 6-d adaptation, feces were collected for 5 d. The ATTD of GE, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in diets was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for pigs fed at 4.5% of BW0.75 compared with those fed at 9.0% of BW0.75. The ATTD of GE, DM, OM, NDF, and ADF in SBP diet was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than that in corn cob diet. However, there was no interaction between FI and fiber source on energy and nutrient digestibility. The ATTD of GE, DM, OM, protein, NDF, and ADF in SBP was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than that in corn cobs. In conclusion, energy and nutrient digestibility values were increased by reduced feed intake and were greater in sugar beet pulp than in corn cobs without interaction between feed intake and fiber source.

A further trial of the use of fishmeal together with reduced concentrate in a commercial dairy herd

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
I.H. Pike ◽  
E.L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Forage Intake

This experiment was designed to evaluate whether milk yields could be maintained while reducing concentrate feed intake, and therefore placing greater reliance on forage intake, and including sugar beet pulp as a source of highly digestible but non-starchy concentrate, and fish meal as a source of high quality, undegraded dietary protein. It was undertaken on a commercial farm as the continuation of similar experiments on two other commercial farms reported earlier (Pike et al 1984).

Effect of ammonia treatment and supplementation on barley straw intake by sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
M. Fondevila ◽  
C. Castrillo ◽  
J. Gasa ◽  
J.A. Guada
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Twenty-eight lamb ewes (44 + 0.45 kg live weight) were used to study the effect of type and level of supplementation on voluntary intake of barley straw, treated with 30 g/kg of anhydrous ammonia (TS) or untreated (US) but given with urea to ensure the same nitrogen content as TS (18 g/kg DM). Each type of straw was offered ad libitum, supplemented with grass hay, rolled barley and sugar beet pulp at rates of 150, 300, 4 50 and 600 g/d, in 6 Latin Squares (4 x 4). In addition, another 2 sheep received each straw alone during the same periods. Supplements were totally consumed, except hay, which was refused in 10 - 13 and 28 - 34 per cent for US and TS, respectively.Daily dry matter intake (DMI) of US (OMD = 0.423) and TS (OMD = 0.515) offer as sole feed were 511 ± 29.1 and 858 ± 45.2 g. As show TABLE 1, US was consumed at rates of 527, 576 and 568 g DM when supplemented with 150 g of hay, barley and sugar beet pulp, and no significant differences were found with further levels of supplementation. DMI of TS decreased linearly from 850 to 618 g/d (r = 0.75) and from 717 to 518 g/d (r = 0.63) when the level of barley and sugar beet pulp increased from 150 to 600 g/d. Substitution rates were estimated to be 0.31 and 0.27 for barley and sugar beet pulp, respectively. Decrease in TS intake when supplemented since 150 to 600 g/d of hay (720 to 605 g, respectively) were found not significative.

Voluntary feed intake, apparent digestibilities and nutritive values in ponies given ad libitum access to complete pelleted diets containing different levels of unmolassed sugar beet pulp

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 32-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Different Levels

Previous work has indicated that unmolassed sugar beet pulp (USBP) may suppress voluntary feed intake (VFI) in ponies when offered as the major component; but not when offered as a relatively minor component of the diet (Hyslop et al, 1998, 1999). However, critical levels of USBP inclusion in equine diets remain to be established. This study examines VFI, in vivo apparent digestibilities and nutritive values in ponies offered pelleted complete diets containing USBP at inclusion levels between 0 – 800 g/kg dry matter (DM).

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