scholarly journals Comparative Virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae and Four Strains of Beauveria bassiana Against House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Adults With Attempted Selection for Faster Mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxie L White ◽  
Christopher J Geden ◽  
Phillip E Kaufman ◽  
Dana Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
House Fly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae/brunneum (Metchnikoff)/Petch have shown promising results for managing the house fly, Musca domestica L. A primary challenge of using these biological control agents (BCAs) in field situations is the time required to induce high adult house fly mortality, typically 6–7 d post-exposure. In this study, virulence of M. anisopliae (strain F52) and four B. bassiana strains were compared. The B. bassiana strains GHA and HF23 are used in commercial products and those were compared with two strains that were isolated from house flies on dairy farms (NFH10 and L90). Assays were conducted by exposing adult house flies to fungal-treated filter paper disks for 2 h. The lethal time to 50% mortality (LT50) at the high concentration of 1 × 109 conidia ranged from 3.8 to 5.2 d for all five strains. GHA, NFH10, and L90 killed flies faster than M. anisopliae strain F52; HF23 did not differ from either the M. anisopliae or the other B. bassiana strains. Attempts with the NFH10 strain to induce faster fly mortality through selection across 10 fungal to fly passages did not result in shorter time to fly death of the selected strain compared with the unselected strain.

scholarly journals Patogenitas Isolat Jamur Entomopatogenik Metarhizium anisopliae terhadap Lalat Rumah Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noni Yunizar Rahmawati Kustiati
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
House Fly ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Treatment Concentration ◽  
Fungal Suspension

Metarhizium anisopliae is one of the entomopathogenic fungi that can be used to control house fly, Musca domestica. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in killing house flies. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatment concentration of Metarhizium anisopliae fungal suspension concentration of 1x106 conidia/mL, 3x106 conidia/mL, 5x106 conidia/mL, 7x106 conidia/mL, 9x106 conidia/mL with each repetition three times. The fungal pathogenicity was determined by the lethal time of 50% flies (LT50) for each concentration using Probit analysis. The result of this study showed that the time required to killing 50% of flies in consecutive consentrations was 7 days with concentrations ranging from 3x106 conidia/mL until 5x106 conidia/mL. In conclusion, the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is effectively deadly pest house flies Musca domestica.

Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against Phyllophaga crinita and Anomala flavipennis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Rodríguez-del-Bosque ◽  
F. Silvestre ◽  
V. M. Hernández ◽  
H. Quiroz ◽  
J. E. Throne
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Lethal Time

Five isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and 3 isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin were tested against third-instar larvae of Phyllophaga crinita (Burmeister) and Anomala flavipennis Burmeister under laboratory conditions using the “maximum challenge test” protocol. The M. anisopliae strains were more virulent than the B. bassiana strains, with the isolates MAGL3N and MAGL4N of M. anisopliae causing the highest mortality in both white grub species. Regardless of scarab species, mortality caused by MAGL3N was >63% after 4 days and >96% after 10 days. The other strain of M. anisopliae, MAGC2N, also caused high mortality in A. flavipennis, but at a slower rate than MAGL3N. Median lethal time (LT50) for MAGL3N was 2.9 days for P. crinita and 3.0 d for A. flavipennis. The LT50 for MAGL4N was 5.3 d for P. crinita and 7.6 d for A. flavipennis while the LT50 for MAGC2N was 4.4 d for A. flavipennis. Metarhizium anisopliae is a potential biological control agent for P. crinita and A. flavipennis and should be further investigated for possible development.

scholarly journals Exposure Timing and Method Affect Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Efficacy Against House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxie L White ◽  
Christopher J Geden ◽  
Phillip E Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
House Fly ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Fly Larvae ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Window Of Vulnerability

Abstract House flies, Musca domestica L., are widely recognized for their ability to develop resistance to chemical insecticides so alternative control strategies are desired. The use of entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin to manage house fly populations has shown promising results; however, the success of using this fungus against larval house flies varies widely. The overall objective of this study was to examine factors that may influence efficacy of B. bassiana treatments against larvae. When a high concentration (4 × 1011 conidia/ml) was applied to first- and second-instar larvae in rearing medium, there was a significant reduction in pupation and adult emergence rates. Treating third-instar larvae at the same concentration did not result in a significant reduction of pupation or adult emergence. Temperature (22 versus 32°C) and media composition (diets with- and without propionic acid) did not affect the B. bassiana treatment efficacy against house fly larvae. The narrow time window of vulnerability of larvae and the high doses required to infect them indicate that B. bassiana has little potential as an operational biocontrol agent for house fly larvae.

scholarly journals Evaluating the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) and Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) isolates to Arabian rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Khudhair ◽  
M.Z. Khalaf ◽  
H.F. Alrubeai ◽  
A.K. Shbar ◽  
B.S. Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Oryctes Agamemnon ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Short Time

Virulence of entomopathogenic fungi <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> and <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> were tested against Arabian Rhinoceros Beetle, <em>Oryctes agamemnon arabicus</em> larvae. Four concentrations (1×10<sup>5</sup>, 1×10<sup>7</sup>, 1×10<sup>9</sup> and 1×10<sup>11</sup> conidia/mL<sup>–1</sup>) of two locally isolated entomopathogenic fungi spore suspensions were used in this study via larval direct spraying. Results revealed that both isolates can cause high mortality rate reaching 100% after 29 days. However, <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> scored higher mortality rate in short time especially at the concentration of 1×10<sup>11</sup> conidia/ mL<sup>–1</sup> with lethal time (LT)<sub>50</sub> 12.75 and LT<sub>90</sub> 20.00; while, <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> caused the higher percentage of malformed adults. Moreover, both isolates affected insect’s life cycle particularly in the pupal stage which was reduced remarkably by almost 50% in comparison with the control treatment.

scholarly journals Development of a Mycoinsecticide Bait Formulation for the Control of House Flies, Musca domestica L.

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Baker ◽  
Steven Rice ◽  
Diana Leemon ◽  
Rosamond Godwin ◽  
Peter James
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Insecticide Spray

The control of house flies, Musca domestica (L.), currently relies on the use of chemical insecticide spray and bait formulations. Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, may provide an alternative to these products. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a mycoinsecticide bait formulation containing a virulent M. anisopliae isolate. Five M. anisopliae isolates were screened against M. domestica and isolate M16 was selected for bait development. Bait formulations containing a variety of additives, including (Z)-9-tricosene, were tested for their ability to increase fly visitation. A bait formulation containing M. anisopliae and skim milk powder was found to have the highest house fly visitation and was subsequently compared to a conventional chemical bait in an efficacy assay. The chemical bait (0.5% imidacloprid) caused faster mortality than the mycoinsecticide bait, however, similar levels of mortality were achieved by 4–5 days’ post exposure. These results suggest that M. anisopliae mycoinsecticide baits may offer an alternative to conventional chemical insecticides for the control of house flies in suitable areas.

scholarly journals Selection of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) isolates to control Alabama argillacea (Huebner) caterpillars

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everardo César Filho ◽  
Edmilson Jacinto Marques ◽  
Reginaldo Barros
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Alabama Argillacea ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana Isolates ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Mortality Percentage ◽  
Selection Of

The cotton leafworm, Alabama argillacea (Huebner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is considered to be one of the key pests in herbaceous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch) cropping, with constant occurrence in all cotton-growing states of Brazil. In this study Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana isolates were screened and evaluated for pathogenicity against Alabama argillaceae. Initially, a screening of ten isolates of each fungus in a concentracion of 10(8) conidia mL-1, was carried out on 3rd instar larvae of A. argillacea. Further studies were conducted to determine the pathogenicity and virulence of six and seven isolates of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana, respectively, against 3rd instar larvae of A. argillacea and using the concentrations of 10(6), 10(7), 10(8), and 10(9) conidia mL-1. The experiments were carried out in Recife, PE, Brazil, at 27 ± 2ºC, RH 70 ± 5% and a photophase of 12 hours. Mortalities caused by M. anisopliae isolate at the different concentrations ranged from 4.5 to 91.2%, the highest mortality percentage being found for the isolate 1189 at 10(9) conidia mL-1. The isolate 645 of B. bassiana caused the highest mortality at the highest concentration, followed by isolates 634, 604, and IPA 198. The lowest lethal time for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, was achieved by the isolates 483 (4.1 days) and 1189 (2.0 days), respectively. The isolates 1189, 1022 e 866 of M. anisopliae and 483, IPA198 and 604 of B. bassiana, at 10(8) e 10(9) conidia mL-1 are promissing for use the integrated control of A. argillacea larvae, but M. anisopliae seems more effective.

scholarly journals CL50 y variación de la patogenicidad en aislamientos de Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae evaluados en poblaciones de Premnotrypes vorax

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Sandra Jaqueline Mena ◽  
Luis Alberto Peña ◽  
Ranulfo González
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Mortality Percentage

<p>Con el fin de evaluar una alternativa "ecológica" para el control de gusano blanco de la papa (<em>Premnotrypes vorax</em>), se trabajó con seis aislamientos de <em>Beauveria bassiana </em>y uno de <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em>, nativos del departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Inicialmente se estudió su patogenicidad y variabilidad en condiciones de laboratorio usando una concentración de 1x107 esporas.ml-1, observándose que todos los aislamientos fueron patogénicos para el gusano blanco. Sin embargo, se presentaron diferencias significativas entre la mortalidad causada por éstos (F7,14 = 4.64; P&lt;0.0001) pues la mortalidad varió desde 13.3% para Bb2 hasta 96.6% para Bb5. Posteriormente, se establecieron las concentraciones letales mediante Probit - Analysis de Raymons (1985), para cada aislamiento y en dos estadios de desarrollo de <em>P. vorax </em>(larvas y adultos). Los resultados obtenidos presentaron una relación positiva concentración/mortalidad, y los X2 calculados demostraron que los datos fueron homogéneos y se ajustaron a la línea de regresión con un nivel de confianza del 95%. En ambos estadios, los aislamientos Bb4, Bb5, Bb7 y Bb8 presentaron los porcentajes de mortalidad más altos; por esto, la línea base de mortalidad pudo ser establecida con mayor confianza y las CL99 fueron las más bajas, razón por la que fueron preseleccionados para un futuro estudio en campo.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>CL50 and pathogenic power of </strong><strong><em>Beauveria bassiana </em></strong><strong>and </strong><strong><em>Metharizium anisopliae </em></strong><strong>isolates infecting </strong><strong><em>Premnotrypes vorax </em></strong><strong>populations</strong></p><p>In order to evaluate an “ecologic” alternative for the control of the white worm potato (<em>Premnotrypes vorax</em>), were studied six <em>Beauveria bassiana </em>and one of <em>Metharizium anisopliae </em>isolates, native of Nariño, Colombia.Their pathogenicity and variability were observed under laboratory conditions using a concentration of 1x107 spores.ml-1. All the biocontrol densities evaluated were pathogenic to <em>P. vorax</em>; however, there were big differences among the mortality caused by the isolates (F7,14 = 4.64; P&lt;0.0001), they varied from 13.3% for Bb2 up to 96.6% for Bb5. Later, on lethal concentration made by Probit - Raymon’s analysis (1985), was established for each isolate in two development phases of <em>P. vorax </em>(larve and adults).The results presented a positive relation concentration/mortality and the calculated X2 proved that the data were homogeneous and adjusted to the linear regression with a 95% level of confidence. The higher mortality percentage was found in the two phases of the isolates Bb4, Bb5, Bb7 and Bb8, for that, there was security to establish the mortality base line; on the other hand, the CL99 where smaller, reason why they were pre selected for a future field study.</p>

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