Ammonia-Nitrogen Added to Low-Crude-Protein Diets Deficient in Dispensable Amino Acid–Nitrogen Increases the Net Release of Alanine, Citrulline, and Glutamate Post–Splanchnic Organ Metabolism in Growing Pigs

Maize-meat meal and maize-meat and bone meal diets were supplemented with dl-tryptophan, l-lysine or a mineral-vitamin-antibiotic (MVA) premix and fed to pigs during the 1s to 45 kg growth phase. Diets were offered at an estimated 145 kcal of digestible energy and 7g crude protein per kg liveweight per day. The basal maize-meat meal diet produced poor growth and feed conversion and the combined addition of all three supplements increased growth by 46 per cent, feed conversion by 21 per cent, and lean in the ham by 4.7 per cent. This effect resulted from responses to dl-tryptophan, the MVA and an interaction between dl-tryptophan and l-lysine, with l-lysine depressing gain and feed conversion in the absence of dl- tryptophan and increasing gain, feed conversion, and lean in the ham in its presence. The basal maize-meat and bone meal diet also produced poor growth and feed conversion, and the combined addition of all three supplements resulted in an 82 per cent increase in growth, a 35 per cent increase in feed conversion, and a 3.3 per cent increase in lean in the ham. Both dl-tryptophan and MYA separately increased growth and feed conversion and combined they had an even greater effect. The l-lysine increased feed conversion and lean in the ham. The l-lysine also increased growth rates on the dl-tryptophan supplemented diets, but this effect was not significant (P>0.05).

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High protein wheats for poultry. 1. Use in broiler diets

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9710619 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 11 (53) ◽

pp. 619 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W Turner ◽

GG Payne

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

High Protein ◽

Amino Acid Supplementation ◽

Dietary Factor ◽

Protein Diets

High protein wheat was the sole cereal in 20 and 25 per cent crude protein broiler starter diets. On the. 25 per cent protein diet, performance was maximized without amino acid supplementation. Using high protein wheat in 20 per cent protein diets, growth rate was improved by l-lysine supplementation of 0.3 per cent. However, this growth rate was not at a maximum level. Some other dietary factor was necessary, and this did not appear to be essential amino acids, singly or in combination.

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In vitro prediction of standardised ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibilities in grain legumes for growing pigs

animal ◽

10.1017/s1751731110001114 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 1987-1996 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

D. Jezierny ◽

R. Mosenthin ◽

N. Sauer ◽

M. Eklund

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Growing Pigs

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Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 8. The response of pigs from 50 to 90 kg live weight to dietary ideal protein

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100018444 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 155-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

H. T. Yen ◽

D. J. A. Cole ◽

D. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Linear Response ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Live Weight ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Once Daily ◽

Lysine Concentration ◽

Amino Acid Requirements ◽

Ideal Protein

ABSTRACTThe response to dietary lysine when provided as part of an ideal protein was examined in pigs over the range of live weight from 50 to 90 kg. Ninety-six pigs, 32 trios of littermate boars, castrated males and gilts were allocated to eight diets with lysine concentrations of 5·6, 6·2, 7·3, 8·3, 9·3, 10·3, 11·4 and 12·4 g/kg diet and corresponding concentrations of crude protein (CP) from 90 to 186 g/kg diet (all having a digestible energy of 13·38 MJ/kg). Pigs were given food on a restricted scale once daily. With increasing lysine concentration, there was a linear response (followed by a plateau) for growth and carcass characteristics up to dietary lysine concentrations of 91, 7·2 and 8·4 g/kg diet and CP concentrations of 142, 116 and 132 g/kg diet with daily lysine intakes of 22·9, 18·6 and 21·2 g and CP intakes of 357, 290 and 331 g for boars, castrated males and gilts respectively.

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Industrial amino acids in diets for piglets and growing pigs

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72336 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 60 (7) ◽

pp. 673-683

Author(s):

J. Inborr ◽

K. Suomi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Health Status ◽

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Control Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Protein Amino Acid ◽

Low Protein ◽

Slaughter Pigs ◽

Protein Diets

Two production trials with piglets and one with slaughter pigs were carried out in order to investigate the effects of reducing the protein content in the diets followed by an addition of industrial amino acids on performance and health status. In the first piglet trial the crude protein content of the control diet was decreased from 20 to 18.3 % and in the second from 18.3 to 16.7 %. In the trial with growing pigs, the protein content of the control diet was decreased from 17.0 to 15.5 %. Industrial L-lysine, DL-methionine and L-threonine were added to the low protein diets to get the same levels of these amino acids as in the control diets. Piglet performance was similar on all treatments indicating equal availability of added and protein-bound amino acids. Health status of piglets on the low protein diets was considerably improved, indicating less predisposition to post weaning diarrhoea. Pigs on the low protein amino acid fortified diet tended to gain weight faster (788 vs. 743 g/day; p

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Distillers feeds from various grains as protein sources for pigs

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72212 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 255-262

Author(s):

Matti Näsi

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Lysine Content ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Cellulase Treatment ◽

By Products

The nutrient digestibility and protein utilization of distillery feeds derived from dehulled barley, rye and wheat were studied with growing pigs receiving one of eleven diets in which the protein sources were BDDGS, RDDGS, WDDGS, BDDG, BDS or SBM. In a second trial BDDGS and BDDG were compared with the same feeds treated prior to cooking with cellulase enzyme. The diets, consisting of barley and distillers feed, were fortified with L-lysine and DL-methionine to achieve levels of 13.0 % DCP, 0.80 % lysine and 0.56 % S amino acids. The distillery by-products contained crude protein 24.8—41.5 %, crude fat 6.3—9.5 %, crude fibre 7.1 10.3 %, ADF 18.2—22.9%, NDF 33.3—43.7 % and ADL 8.7—11.3 % on a dry basis. Their lysine content was 0.43—1.36 % of DM and their S amino acid content 0.58—1.36 %. The digestibilities of organic matter and crude protein were 56—83 and 56—79 %. DDGS from rye had low digestibilities and barley distillers solubles high. The cellulase treatment decreased the OM and CP digestibilities by 6.4—10.4 and 15.3—15.4 % units, respectively. FU/kg DM varied from 0.63 to 0.84 and DCP from 177 to 405 g/FU. The N retention of the BDDGS, RDDGS, WDDGS, BDDG, BDS and SBM diets was, respectively, 21.7, 21.1, 24.2, 23.0, 17.7 and 24.6 g/d (P < 0.01) and the biological values were 55, 60, 59, 56, 55 and 66. The daily gains varied from 700 to 762 g. The data indicated that distillery by-products could replace soybean meal quite satisfactorily as a protein source in amino acid-fortified diets.

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