scholarly journals Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID) and the Application of Analytically Based Estimates of Ingredient Amount to Intake Calculations

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 1413S-1421S ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen W Andrews ◽  
Pavel A Gusev ◽  
Malikah McNeal ◽  
Sushma Savarala ◽  
Phuong Tan V Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Label Content

Abstract Objective We describe the purpose of the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID), the statistical methodology underlying online calculators of analytically verified supplement content estimates, and the application and significance of DSID label adjustments in nutritional epidemiology. Background and History During dietary supplement (DS) manufacturing, many ingredients are added at higher than declared label amounts, but overages are not standardized among manufacturers. As a result, researchers may underestimate nutrient intakes from DSs. The DSID provides statistical tools on the basis of the results of chemical analysis to convert label claims into analytically predicted ingredient amounts. These adjustments to labels are linked to DS products reported in NHANES. Rationale Tables summarizing the numbers of NHANES DS products with ingredient overages and below label content show the importance of DSID adjustments to labels for accurate intake calculations. Recent Developments We show the differences between analytically based estimates and labeled content for vitamin D, calcium, iodine, caffeine, and omega-3 (n–3) fatty acids and their potential impact on the accuracy of intake assessments in large surveys. Analytical overages >20% of label levels are predicted for several nutrients in 50–99% of multivitamin-mineral products (MVMs) reported in NHANES: for iodine and selenium in adult MVMs, for iodine and vitamins D and E in children's MVMs, and for iodine, chromium, and potassium in nonprescription prenatal MVMs. Predicted overages of 10–20% for calcium can be applied to most MVMs and overages >10% for folic acid in the vast majority of adult and children's MVMs. Future Directions DSID studies are currently evaluating ingredient levels in prescription prenatal MVMs and levels of constituents in botanical DSs. Conclusions We estimate that the majority of MVM products reported in NHANES have significant overages for several ingredients. It is important to account for nonlabeled additional nutrient exposure from DSs to better evaluate nutritional status in the United States.

scholarly journals The Dietary Supplement Label Database: Recent Developments and Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 1428S-1435S ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna T Dwyer ◽  
Richard A Bailen ◽  
Leila G Saldanha ◽  
Jaime J Gahche ◽  
Rebecca B Costello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
New Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Product Composition ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients

Abstract Although many Americans use dietary supplements, databases of dietary supplements sold in the United States have not been widely available. The Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD), an easily accessible public-use database, was created in 2008 to provide information on dietary supplement composition for use by researchers and consumers. We describe in this article the history, key features, recent enhancements, and common applications of the DSLD. Accessing current information easily and quickly is crucial for documenting exposures to dietary supplements because they contain nutrients and other bioactive ingredients that may have beneficial or adverse effects on human health. This article details recent developments with the DSLD to achieve this goal, and provides examples of how the DSLD has been used. With periodic updates to track changes in product composition and capture new products entering the market, the DSLD currently contains >71,000 dietary supplement labels. Following usability testing with consumer and researcher user groups completed in 2016, improvements to the DSLD interface were made. As of 2018, both a desktop and mobile device version are available. Since its inception in 2008, the DSLD has been used for research, exposure monitoring, and for other purposes by users in the public and private sectors. Further refinement of the user interface and search features is planned to facilitate ease of use for stakeholders. The DSLD can be used to track changes in product composition and capture new products entering the market. With >71,000 dietary supplement labels, it is a unique resource that policymakers, researchers, clinicians, and consumers may find valuable for multiple applications.

scholarly journals Why Americans Need Information on Dietary Supplements

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 1401S-1405S ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna T Dwyer ◽  
Paul M Coates
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
The Government

Abstract Until a decade ago, no dietary supplement (DS) databases with open access for public use existed in the United States. They were needed by researchers, since half of American adults use dietary DSs and, without information on supplement use and composition, exposures could not be estimated. These articles on Challenges and Future Directions for Dietary Supplement Databases describe subsequent progress. They begin by describing why information on DSs is needed by the government and how it is used to ensure the health of the public. Current developments include: application of DS information to meet public health needs; research efforts on DS quality, efficacy, and safety (as conducted by the Office of Dietary Supplements and other federal agencies); enhanced regulatory activities implemented by the FDA Office of Dietary Supplement Programs, the FDA Office of Enforcement, and the Federal Trade Commission; and initiatives for broader development and dissemination of DS databases for commercial and public use. Other contributions in this journal supplement describe the challenges of working with DSs and the progress that has been made. Additional articles describe surveys of DS use among the general US population and also among special groups such as high supplement users, illustrating why there is a need in the United States for information on supplements. Likely directions for the future of DS science are summarized.

A Consumer’s Guide to Eggs

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Beatty ◽  
Karla Shelnutt ◽  
Gail P. A. Kauwell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Christopher Columbus ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Chicken Eggs

People have been eating eggs for centuries. Records as far back as 1400 BC show that the Chinese and Egyptians raised birds for their eggs. The first domesticated birds to reach the Americas arrived in 1493 on Christopher Columbus' second voyage to the New World. Most food stores in the United States offer many varieties of chicken eggs to choose from — white, brown, organic, cage free, vegetarian, omega-3 fatty acid enriched, and more. The bottom line is that buying eggs is not as simple as it used to be because more choices exist today. This 4-page fact sheet will help you understand the choices you have as a consumer, so you can determine which variety of egg suits you and your family best. Written by Jeanine Beatty, Karla Shelnutt, and Gail Kauwell, and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1357

Dietary Supplement Use Among Adult Cancer Survivors in the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxi Du ◽  
Jeffrey B. Blumberg ◽  
Zhilei Shan ◽  
Gail Rogers ◽  
Fan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Adult Cancer Survivors ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use

Green Synthesized Nanomaterials as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment: Principles, Challenges and the Road Ahead

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pala Rajasekharreddy ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Siddhardha Busi ◽  
Jobina Rajkumari ◽  
Ming-Hong Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Insight Into

With the emergence of nanotechnology, new methods have been developed for engineering various nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Nanotheranostics is a burgeoning research field with tremendous prospects for the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. However, the development of biocompatible and efficient drug/gene delivery theranostic systems still remains a challenge. Green synthetic approach of nanoparticles with low capital and operating expenses, reduced environmental pollution and better biocompatibility and stability is a latest and novel field, which is advantageous over chemical or physical nanoparticle synthesis methods. In this article, we summarize the recent research progresses related to green synthesized nanoparticles for cancer theranostic applications, and we also conclude with a look at the current challenges and insight into the future directions based on recent developments in these areas.

Diversity and Group Creativity

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-49
Author(s):  
Paul B. Paulus ◽  
Karen I. van der Zee ◽  
Jared B. Kenworthy
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Group Creativity ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Elaboration Model ◽  
State Of The Science

It is often presumed that diversity of group members will enhance group creativity. However, the evidence for this has been mixed. This chapter summarizes the state of the science in this area and provides an integrative framework based on the categorization elaboration model of van Knippenberg and colleagues. It focuses on the factors that influence the expression of diverse perspectives, attention to such expressions, the elaboration of the shared ideas, and how these lead to creative outcomes. It evaluates the importance of identity factors in this process and discusses the potential impact on both divergent and convergent creativity. It notes some of the gaps in the literature and suggests future directions.

Duality beyondPersons and Groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 391-413
Author(s):  
Sophie Mützel ◽  
Ronald Breiger
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Affiliation Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Principle Of Duality ◽  
Seminal Article

This chapter focuses on the general principle of duality, which was originally introduced by Simmel as the intersection of social circles. In a seminal article, Breiger formalized Simmel’s idea, showing how two-mode types of network data can be transformed into one-mode networks. This formal translation proved to be fundamental for social network analysis, which no longer needed data on who interacted with whom but could work with other types of data. In turn, it also proved fundamental for the analysis of how the social is structured in general, as many relations are dual (e.g. persons and groups, authors and articles, organizations and practices), and are thus susceptible to an analysis according to duality principles. The chapter locates the concept of duality within past and present sociology. It also discusses the use of duality in the analysis of culture as well as in affiliation networks. It closes with recent developments and future directions.

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