Using Basic Personality Research to Inform Personality Pathology

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Normal Personality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Life Course

Personality pathology—which is characterized by a pervasive, maladaptive, and inflexible pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors—has long been defined as a set of categories that are distinct from each other a “normal” personality. Research over the past three decades has challenged that assumed separation and instead suggested that abnormal personality is merely a maladaptive extension of the same features that describe the personality of all humans. This volume surveys cutting-edge research on the science of basic personality and demonstrates the application of these ideas and methods to conceptualizing pathology. It first provides a historical overview as well as the present state of the personality disorder literature. Ensuing chapters then highlight critical issues in the assessment and conceptualization of personality, its development across the life course, and biological underpinnings. In this way the chapters are inherently useful as a primer of the present knowledge concerning the basic science of personality from specific genes to complex social interactions. Furthermore, each chapter aims toward not only elucidating current understandings of personality but demonstrating its direct application to clinical diagnosis and conceptualization.

American Institutional Studies: Present Knowledge and Past Trends

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Soltow
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Past

The production of economic history, like that in many fields of scholarly endeavor, increased sharply in the past quarter-century, compared to the rate of output in earlier eras. While the “new” economic history, with its emphasis on economic theory and measurement, has attracted considerable attention during the last decade, “traditional” economic history, written along institutional lines, has continued to be significant, both quantitatively (in terms of numbers of books and articles) and qualitatively (as assessed by contributions to our understanding of economic processes.)

Shared Gaze Visualizations in Collaborative Interactions: Past, Present and Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D’Angelo ◽  
Bertrand Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Remote Collaboration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Collaborative Interactions ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Shared Gaze ◽  
Tracking Technology

Abstract The past decade has witnessed a growing interest for using dual eye tracking to understand and support remote collaboration, especially with studies that have established the benefits of displaying gaze information for small groups. While this line of work is promising, we lack a consistent framework that researchers can use to organize and categorize studies on the effect of shared gaze on social interactions. There exists a wide variety of terminology and methods for describing attentional alignment; researchers have used diverse techniques for designing gaze visualizations. The settings studied range from real-time peer collaboration to asynchronous viewing of eye-tracking video of an expert providing explanations. There has not been a conscious effort to synthesize and understand how these different approaches, techniques and applications impact the effectiveness of shared gaze visualizations (SGVs). In this paper, we summarize the related literature and the benefits of SGVs for collaboration, describe important terminology as well as appropriate measures for the dual eye-tracking space and discuss promising directions for future research. As eye-tracking technology becomes more ubiquitous, there is pressing need to develop a consistent approach to evaluation and design of SGVs. The present paper makes a first and significant step in this direction.

Survey of nonlinear vibration of gear transmission systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Runfang Li and ◽  
Xianghe Peng
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Vibration ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Mesh Stiffness ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Basic Concepts

In this paper, the progress in nonlinear dynamics of gear driven systems in the past twenty years is reviewed, especially the gear dynamic behavior, by considering the backlash and time-varying mesh stiffness of teeth. The basic concepts, the mathematical models and the solving methods for the non-linear dynamics of geared systems are then reviewed. The critical issues for further research on the nonlinear vibration in gear transmission systems are also discussed. There are 204 references cited in this review article.

Angelopoulos and the Lingua Franca of Modernism

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos Koutsourakis ◽  
Mark Steven
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
The Past ◽  
Crisis Of Representation ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Firm Commitment ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Representing History

This book examines the oeuvre of Theo Angelopoulos, whose films are deeply immersed in the historical experiences of his homeland, Greece, while the international appeal of his work can be attributed to his firm commitment to modernism as a formal response to the crises and failures of world history in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It considers some of the main themes in Angelopoulos' filmography, including the crisis of representation and the force of mediation; the question of representing history and how to come to terms with the past; the failures of the utopian aspirations of the twentieth century; issues of forced political or economic migration and exile; and the persistence of history in a supposedly post-historical present. This introduction discusses the lack of critical attention that Angelopoulos' cinema has received in the Anglophone scholarship and provides a historical overview of Angelopoulos' modernist cinema. It also summarises the individual chapters that follow.

Test Adaptations

2016 ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fons J. R. van de Vijver
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
The Past

Adaptations refer to the process of translating and adjusting an instrument to a new cultural context, which usually goes beyond close translations and involves various changes to the instrument in order to increase its cultural and linguistic adequacy. A brief historical overview of approaches is presented that have been used in the past 75 years, illustrating how the traditional emphasis on linguistic aspects has shifted to multidisciplinary efforts; modern test adaptations are often made by teams. A taxonomy of adaptations is then presented, distinguishing between conceptual, cultural, linguistic, and measurement reasons for adjusting an instrument. A good adaptation integrates these four types. Various guidelines for adapting instruments are described, such as the ITC Guidelines. The authors conclude that test adaptations have largely replaced the concept of test translations and that test adaptations can be used in large-scale surveys and can accommodate instruments that cover both general (universal) and local components.

The Mental Illness Dispute: The Critical Faith Assumptions

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Weinberg ◽  
Richard E. Vatz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Ad Hominem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Thomas Szasz

The writings of Thomas Szasz over the past twenty years have produced ardent defenders and vehement critics. Unfortunately, much of the criticism is either of an ad hominem type or is based on misunderstanding(s) of Szasz's arguments. Some recent critiques, however, raise critical issues which reflect the different philosophical starting points or assumptions which distinguish Szasz from his critics. In this article, we delineate the hidden assumptions which underlie much of the debate over the existence of “mental illness” and argue that these critical assumptions are not amenable to confirmation or disconfirmation.

Personality research—challenges for the future

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Individual Development ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Individual Functioning ◽  
Emotional System

This article is about the lessons that can be learned from the mistakes of the past. After a critical, constructive analysis of current theorizing and research, important directions of future personality psychology are described against the background of a general theoretical framework. It is argued that individual functioning cannot be understood or explained if the environmental factors that are operating in the individual's interactions with the environment and the biological factors that are constantly interacting with the cognitive‐emotional system are not considered. Finally, the article focuses on conceptual and methodological issues that are of major importance for further progress in personality psychology, viz. (a) the match between level of psychological processes and type of data, (b) the nature of psychological phenomena studied in terms of variables, (c) the use of chronological age as the marker of individual development, and (d) the comparison between a variable and a person approach.

scholarly journals A Public Health Approach to Negative News Media: The 3-to-1 Solution

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712091422
Author(s):  
Tyler J. VanderWeele ◽  
Arthur C. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Population Health ◽  
News Media ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Media Reporting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Health And Well Being

There is clear evidence that the prevalence of negative media reporting has increased substantially over the past years. There is evidence that this negative reporting adversely affects social interactions, and thereby also health and well-being outcomes. Given the wide reach of negative media reporting and the contagion of such reporting and the resulting interactions, the effects on health are arguably substantial. Moreover, there is little incentive at present for media outlets to change practices. A commitment of news outlets to report one positive story for every 3 negative stories, and of news consumers to restrict attention to outlets that do, could dramatically alter practices and, consequently, population health.

scholarly journals A 50-Year Journey from Phosphate to Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Perry
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Ocean Optics ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
The Past ◽  
Photosynthetic Physiology ◽  
Optical Oceanography

This narrative is a personal account of my evolution as a student of phytoplankton and the ocean. Initially I focused on phytoplankton nutrient physiology and uptake, later switching to photosynthetic physiology. Better models of photosynthesis naturally require a better understanding of spectral underwater light fields and absorption coefficients, which precipitated my involvement in the nascent field of bio-optical oceanography. Establishment of the now 34-year-old summer graduate course in ocean optics, which continues to attract students from around the globe, is a legacy of my jumping into optics. The importance of social interactions in advancing science cannot be underestimated; a prime example is how a TGIF gathering led to my immersion in the world of autonomous underwater vehicles for the past two decades of my career. Working with people who you like and respect is also critical; I believe collegial friendship played a major role in the great success of the 2008 North Atlantic Bloom Experiment.

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