Shared Gaze Visualizations in Collaborative Interactions: Past, Present and Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D’Angelo ◽  
Bertrand Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Remote Collaboration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Collaborative Interactions ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Shared Gaze ◽  
Tracking Technology

Abstract The past decade has witnessed a growing interest for using dual eye tracking to understand and support remote collaboration, especially with studies that have established the benefits of displaying gaze information for small groups. While this line of work is promising, we lack a consistent framework that researchers can use to organize and categorize studies on the effect of shared gaze on social interactions. There exists a wide variety of terminology and methods for describing attentional alignment; researchers have used diverse techniques for designing gaze visualizations. The settings studied range from real-time peer collaboration to asynchronous viewing of eye-tracking video of an expert providing explanations. There has not been a conscious effort to synthesize and understand how these different approaches, techniques and applications impact the effectiveness of shared gaze visualizations (SGVs). In this paper, we summarize the related literature and the benefits of SGVs for collaboration, describe important terminology as well as appropriate measures for the dual eye-tracking space and discuss promising directions for future research. As eye-tracking technology becomes more ubiquitous, there is pressing need to develop a consistent approach to evaluation and design of SGVs. The present paper makes a first and significant step in this direction.

Using Eye-Tracking Technology to Understand How Graphic Organizers Aid Student Learning

2017 ◽  
pp. 220-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Luo ◽  
Kenneth A. Kiewra ◽  
Markeya S. Peteranetz ◽  
Abraham E. Flanigan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Graphic Organizers ◽  
Graphic Organizer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Tracking Technology

In the past three decades, several studies have found an achievement advantage for studying graphic organizers such as a hierarchy or matrix over studying linear displays such as a text or outline (e.g., Dye, 2000; Guri-Rosenblit, 1989; Kauffman & Kiewra, 2010). However, little was learned about how students study graphic organizers and the cognitive processes involved. Recently, the advancement of eye-tracking technology has provided a means to examine how students actually study graphic organizers and the types of processing that occur. The purpose of this chapter is to explore how eye-tracking technology can be used to understand how graphic organizers aid student learning. Specifically, this chapter introduces graphic organizer research and theory, reviews recent research that used eye-tracking technology to study graphic organizers, and offers future research directions.

scholarly journals SOCIABILITY AMONG PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA IN A CREATIVE GROUP STORYTELLING CONTEXT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S874-S874
Author(s):  
Kyong Hee Chee ◽  
Seoyoun Kim ◽  
Olga Gerhart ◽  
Sara Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Community ◽  
Memory Care ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Creative Group

Abstract Considering healthcare costs related to Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias, shifting attention to the relatively malleable abilities of persons living with dementia holds promise for improving their well-being while reducing care burden. Defined as the ability to successfully interact with others, social intelligence is found to benefit well-being. Nevertheless, no known prior study has examined social intelligence among persons living with dementia. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to fill this gap by identifying the themes of social intelligence in this group. We used video-recorded data from an arts-based, creative group storytelling program (TimeSlips) that we implemented at Silverado Onion Creek Memory Care Community (currently, The Auberge) in Austin. The program is designed for persons living with dementia and involves a facilitator encouraging participants to use their imagination to collectively create a story from a staged picture. We offered 6 weekly sessions with 4 small groups of their residents (N = 26) in fall 2018 and spring 2019, and videotaped the sessions. Three researchers open-coded how participants interacted during storytelling sessions, and then met to reach consensus concerning verbal and non-verbal indicators of social intelligence. Major themes that emerged from our analysis are social awareness, initiating social interactions, and social diplomacy. Our findings suggest that those with lower cognitive function scores do not necessarily lack sociability. These findings add to social intelligence and dementia literatures, with potential implications for future research that can investigate the relationship between sociability and well-being among persons living with dementia.

Effects due to groups of buildings

1971 ◽  
Vol 269 (1199) ◽  
pp. 469-485 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Wind Tunnels ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drawing Board ◽  
Comfort Criteria

For the past 5-10 years architects have realized the need for information on the aerodynamics of the environment around groups of buildings. The high wind speeds in precincts around tall or exposed buildings have surprised their designers who have sought remedies, and the publicity about windy environments around existing buildings has led to requests for advice about developments on the drawing board. In the absence of a general theory for the prediction of air flow patterns and wind speeds around groups of buildings, the problem has been studied in wind tunnels. The paper describes typical town centre developments in which a problem of wind environment has arisen, and gives a brief account of the investigation of specific cases. The broad conclusions from some twenty case studies made by the Building Research Station in response to inquiries from industry are summarized. In seeking to generalize, a series of investigations of the air flow around small groups of idealized model buildings has been conducted, and some comparisons between model and full-scale measurements have been made. This has led to a design method for use in planning the layout of small groups of buildings, which draws on the data from model tests and also meteorological information and comfort criteria. This work is outlined, and future research needs are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Machine Learning and Eye-Tracking Technology in Autism Spectrum Disorder Research: A Systematic Review

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 2982
Author(s):  
Konstantinos-Filippos Kollias ◽  
Christine K. Syriopoulou-Delli ◽  
Panagiotis Sarigiannidis ◽  
George F. Fragulis
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Tracking Technology

Early and objective autism spectrum disorder (ASD) assessment, as well as early intervention are particularly important and may have long term benefits in the lives of ASD people. ASD assessment relies on subjective rather on objective criteria, whereas advances in research point to up-to-date procedures for early ASD assessment comprising eye-tracking technology, machine learning, as well as other assessment tools. This systematic review, the first to our knowledge of its kind, provides a comprehensive discussion of 30 studies irrespective of the stimuli/tasks and dataset used, the algorithms applied, the eye-tracking tools utilised and their goals. Evidence indicates that the combination of machine learning and eye-tracking technology could be considered a promising tool in autism research regarding early and objective diagnosis. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also presented.

scholarly journals A review of psychological studies on social interactions of students in inclusive classrooms

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Konokotin
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Inclusive Classrooms ◽  
Special Educational Needs ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Studies

The article presents a review of current foreign publications on the social interactions of children in inclusive classrooms. It analyzes the studies carried out during the period from 2008 to 2017, i.e. over the past decade. The results show that social interactions of students in inclusive classrooms are often studied in small groups where students with special educational needs and their normally developing peers are gathered together, but researchers ignore other factors that may have an impact on the quality of their interactions. Thus interactions of students are not equal in nature and are not purposefully organized so that researchers are not able to fully identify the role of each student

Old-growth forest reserves in Slovenia: the past, present, and future

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (6) ◽  
pp. 240-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Nagel ◽  
Jurij Diaci ◽  
Dusan Rozenbergar ◽  
Tihomir Rugani ◽  
Dejan Firm
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
The Past ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Old-growth forest reserves in Slovenia: the past, present, and future Slovenia has a small number of old-growth forest remnants, as well as many forest reserves approaching old-growth conditions. In this paper, we describe some of the basic characteristics of these old-growth remnants and the history of their protection in Slovenia. We then trace the long-term development of research in these old-growth remnants, with a focus on methodological changes. We also review some of the recent findings from old-growth research in Slovenia and discuss future research needs. The conceptual understanding of how these forests work has slowly evolved, from thinking of them in terms of stable systems to more dynamic and unpredictable ones due to the influence of natural disturbances and indirect human influences. In accordance with this thinking, the methods used to study old-growth forests have changed from descriptions of stand structure to studies that address natural processes and ecosystem functions.

Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlu Feng ◽  
Zifei Yin ◽  
Daniel Zhang ◽  
Arun Srivastava ◽  
Chen Ling
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Gene And Cell Therapy ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.

If Eyes are the Window to Our Soul, What Role does Eye-Tracking Play in Accounting Research?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Lynch ◽  
Lindsay M. Andiola
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioral Accounting ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Instructional Resource ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Research Domains

ABSTRACT Recent advances in technology have increased the accessibility and ease in using eye-tracking as a research tool. These advances have the potential to benefit behavioral accounting researchers' understanding of the cognitive processes underlying individuals' judgments, decisions, and behaviors. However, despite its potential and wide use in other disciplines, few behavioral accounting studies use eye-tracking. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize accounting researchers with eye-tracking, including its advantages and limitations as a research tool. We start by providing an overview of eye-tracking and discussing essential terms and useful metrics, as well as the psychological constructs they proxy. We then summarize eye-tracking research across research domains, review accounting studies that use eye-tracking, and identify future research directions across accounting topics. Finally, we provide an instructional resource to guide those researchers interested in using eye-tracking, including important considerations at each stage of the study. JEL Classifications: M41; C91.

Attraction of prey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Horner ◽  
Bartosz J. Płachno ◽  
Ulrike Bauer ◽  
Bruno Di Giusto
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Prey Attraction

The ability to attract prey has long been considered a universal trait of carnivorous plants. We review studies from the past 25 years that have investigated the mechanisms by which carnivorous plants attract prey to their traps. Potential attractants include nectar, visual, olfactory, and acoustic cues. Each of these has been well documented to be effective in various species, but prey attraction is not ubiquitous among carnivorous plants. Directions for future research, especially in native habitats in the field, include: the qualitative and quantitative analysis of visual cues, volatiles, and nectar; temporal changes in attractants; synergistic action of combinations of attractants; the cost of attractants; and responses to putative attractants in electroantennograms and insect behavioral tests.

scholarly journals Evolution of knowledge on meniscal biomechanics: a 40 year perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Mohamadi ◽  
Kaveh Momenzadeh ◽  
Aidin Masoudi ◽  
Kempland C. Walley ◽  
Kenny Ierardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments ◽  
Fe Modeling ◽  
Meniscal Tears ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Kinematic Studies

Abstract Background Knowledge regarding the biomechanics of the meniscus has grown exponentially throughout the last four decades. Numerous studies have helped develop this knowledge, but these studies have varied widely in their approach to analyzing the meniscus. As one of the subcategories of mechanical phenomena Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, mechanical stress was introduced in 1973. This study aims to provide an up-to-date chronological overview and highlights the evolutionary comprehension and understanding of meniscus biomechanics over the past forty years. Methods A literature review was conducted in April 2021 through PubMed. As a result, fifty-seven papers were chosen for this narrative review and divided into categories; Cadaveric, Finite element (FE) modeling, and Kinematic studies. Results Investigations in the 1970s and 1980s focused primarily on cadaveric biomechanics. These studies have generated the fundamental knowledge basis for the emergence of FE model studies in the 1990s. As FE model studies started to show comparable results to the gold standard cadaveric models in the 2000s, the need for understanding changes in tissue stress during various movements triggered the start of cadaveric and FE model studies on kinematics. Conclusion This study focuses on a chronological examination of studies on meniscus biomechanics in order to introduce concepts, theories, methods, and developments achieved over the past 40 years and also to identify the likely direction for future research. The biomechanics of intact meniscus and various types of meniscal tears has been broadly studied. Nevertheless, the biomechanics of meniscal tears, meniscectomy, or repairs in the knee with other concurrent problems such as torn cruciate ligaments or genu-valgum or genu-varum have not been extensively studied.

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