Reintroduction to Medicine and Neurology in Montreal

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Louis R. Caplan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Academic Medicine ◽  
Royal Victoria Hospital ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Montreal Neurological Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

Abstract: This chapter describes Fisher’s reintroduction to civilian life. His refresher course was in Montreal, Canada, at the Royal Victoria Hospital and the Montreal Neurological Institute, also called the “Neuro.” The history of the Neuro and its principal figure, Dr. Wilder Penfield, are also described. Academic medicine and research were well established in Montreal by the mid-20th century. The two fields and disciplines that were to be the cornerstone of Fisher’s later career, pathology and neurology, were among the centerpieces of medicine in Montreal at the time Fisher began his retraining in 1945. It was during these early post-war years that Fisher was introduced to and became interested in neurology.

scholarly journals Fascinated by the elephant

2018 ◽  
Vol 322 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Garutt
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Study Group ◽  
School Age ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Bone Remains ◽  
Interesting People

The description of childhood and the main stages of life of Vadim Evgenevich Garutt, as well as the fate of his parents, is given. The stages of making up of his personality as a specialist on modern and ancient animals, including elephants, are shown. His fate is closely intertwined with the history of Russia of the 20th century. It was influenced by revolutionary events in Russia and the Great Patriotic War, evacuation and difficult post-war years, suffered contusion and serious illnesses. Beginning from the school age, when he visited a study group of Young Zoologists and worked up at the Leningrad Zoo, the life confronted him with interesting people and situations that allowed Garutt to become an expert in morphology and evolution of mammoths and other Quaternary proboscideans. Such personalities as B.V. Pestinsky, A.P. Bystrov, Yu.A. Orlov, L.V. Oshanin, M.M. Gerasimov, B.E. Bykhovsky and other scientists played an important role in his fate. In addition to studying the teeth and bone remains of ancient elephants, he carried out an active museum work, mounting and restoration of fossil elephants and rhinoceroses’ skeletons. The results of his research are published in a number of important monographs and articles that are important for the systematic of the Eurasian proboscides and biostratigraphy of the Pleistocene.

Sanitārais stāvoklis Latgalē 1920. gadā latviešu preses skatījumā

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Henrihs Soms ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Source Of Information

The aim of this article is to expand the knowledge of the history of Latvia in the 20th century, analyzing the sanitary situation in Latgale in 1920. The source of information – 8 Latvian newspapers from the year 1920. In the beginning of the article, the economic situation of Latgale (collapse of the farming, lack of goods, speculation) during the War of Independence and in the post-war months is de-scribed. Further, the prevalence of typhoid and dysentery epidemics is analyzed, as well as measures tak-en to improve the sanitary condition - events organized by Latgale local municipalities, assistance of Lat-vian Government and ministries in combating diseases in Latgale, as well as foreign (USA, England) as-sistance. The study allowed to conclude that Latvian newspapers are valuable historical sources in the study of the sanitary situation. The press widely and regularly informed about the dangers of the spread of diseases and explained the measures that were taken to improve the health of the population. In com-parison to the contemporary research, in 1920, due to objective reasons, the newspapers did not inform about the sanitary situation in the Latvian and Polish Armies, as well as about the Army's involvement in combating the diseases.

Archiwalia Państwowego Banku Rolnego jako źródło do badań nad historią gospodarczą polskiej wsi i rolnictwa w I poł. XX w.

Archeion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 271-305
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kłusek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Farming Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

Archival materials of the Polish Agricultural Bank as a source for research on the economic history of the Polish countryside and agriculture in the first half of the 20th c. The body of work of historians regarding the Polish countryside and agriculture in the first half of the 20th century is relatively extensive. The majority of studies on farming primarily address the post-war period, discuss the interwar period to a lesser degree, with barely touching upon the Nazi occupation. The situation is similar when it comes to publications regarding particular areas of agriculture and the means of production. Unfortunately, what those publications have in common is that none of them uses materials connected to agricultural banking. The objective of the article is to encourage those who study or intend to study the economic history of the Polish countryside and agriculture of the first half of the 20th century to research the records of the State Agricultural Bank (1919–1949) kept by the National Archives. Analysis of the publications related to the State Agricultural Bank (hereinafter the PBR) and the archive materials connected with its activity, kept by the National Archives, suggests that: 1. The BPR had a key role in implementing the farming policy of the national authorities and was crucial to the development of agriculture and the countryside; 2. the legacy of the PBR in the National Archives is remarkably vast (tens of thousands of archive units) and covers a wide range of issues, from banking through the development of farming to the situation in the countryside in the first half of the 20th century; 3. the vast credit records of the PBR kept by the National Archives offer a wide range of possibilities for the researchers focused on the economic history of the Polish countryside and agriculture, as they provide a plethora of interesting information on the situation of agriculture and farmers between 1919 and 1949.

„I nie tylko w powiastkach drzemie ta historia” – „Młyn Bałtaragisa” Kazysa Boruty: literatura jako medium pamięci

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-248
Author(s):  
Marcin Niemojewski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Outstanding Work

“Whitehorn’s Windmill” is considered to be the most outstanding work of KazysBoruta and one of the most important Lithuanian novels of the 20th century. Thebook was written during World War II when the Lithuanian state became theobject of aggression of two totalitarian powers and lost independence for a longtime, and it has grown from the writer’s anxiety about the fate of his country and the persistence of Lithuanian identity. Hence, Boruta reached for the richresources of the native folklore, to evoke the mythologized image of theLithuanian village, which in Lithuanian literature has the rank of chronotope,and at the same time, it is an important component of Lithuanian imaginationabout the sources of national culture. The story, the meaning and functions of the“Whitehorn’s Windmill,” its genesis and post-war fate, its literary and non-literarycontexts, as well as the history of its reception, allow us to interpret the workfrom the perspective of reflection on literature as a medium of cultural memory.

scholarly journals Reading the rebate: information at the edges of 20th century photographs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Locrin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Physical Character ◽  
Photographic Image ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Of Fine Arts ◽  
Post War

Using the photography collection in the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH) as a primary source, this thesis explores the use of photographic rebate as found in the work of seven major twentieth century photographic artists working between 1920 and 1980. Investigating the use of rebate as both a manifestation of technology, and as an expressive tool employed by post-war photographers, this paper looks at the physical character of rebate in silver-gelatin prints and its role in augmenting the photographic image. This research elucidates the collection at MFAH, the history of photographic printing in the 20th century and provides a guide to future researchers about how rebate can be used to glean technical data and artistic intent.

scholarly journals Szable w kontekście badań nad bronią dawną – przyczynek do dziejów bronioznawstwa polskiego

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Mateusz Chramiec
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Art History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Art Restoration ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Private Collections

Sabres in the context of research on historical weapons – a contribution to the history of Polish hoplology This article is an attempt to provide a comprehensive view on the history of hoplology in relation to the most popular type of weapon used in the old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the sabre. The research history addresses the issue of modern weapons, which is motivated by the emergence of various types of sabre at that time. Research on old weapons, inspired primarily by collectors, museologists and members of academia, traditionally uses a range of methods developed by history, art history, archaeology and art restoration. Such research can also enter the field of sociology and cultural studies, provided that we take into account the fact that weapons, sabres in particular, symbolized social standing. The variety of issues, which are generally confined to the above mentioned concepts, also translates into the historiographic sphere. Because of that, it may be surprising that Polish literature on historical weapons only dates back to the second half of the 19th century. However, collectors had shown interest in military items much earlier. The first part of the article presents the most important private collections of weapons from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century, with particular focus on the almost entirely preserved collection of Izabela Czartoryska, who founded the first museum in Poland. This layout is the starting point for presenting academic interest in military items, divided into the pre- and post-war periods.

scholarly journals The journalistic reaction to the first edition of The History of Stupidity in Poland. The historiographic pamphlets by Aleksander Bocheński

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-225
Author(s):  
Ariel Orzełek
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Political Realism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Publication ◽  
Post War ◽  
Polish Intelligentsia ◽  
At Home

The History of Stupidity in Poland. The historiographic pamphlets [Dzieje głupoty w Polsce. Pamflety dziejopisarskie] was the most important publication by Aleksander Bocheński. The book was also one of the most representative reflections on the post-war trend of political realism in Poland. The journalistic reaction to the first edition of the book in the forties of the 20th century proved that the theses included in it were highly unpopular. The author’s criticism of insurrection trends in Polish politics met with opposition from Marxists as well as non-party intellectuals, both at home and abroad. Although motives of Bocheński’s concepts were usually understood, they were rejected as they served communists, were contrary to Marxist doctrine or had no moral foundations. Those opinions constitute an important contribution to the views of Polish intelligentsia on political realism at the beginnings of the Polish People’s Republic.

scholarly journals Reading the rebate: information at the edges of 20th century photographs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Locrin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Physical Character ◽  
Photographic Image ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Of Fine Arts ◽  
Post War

Using the photography collection in the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (MFAH) as a primary source, this thesis explores the use of photographic rebate as found in the work of seven major twentieth century photographic artists working between 1920 and 1980. Investigating the use of rebate as both a manifestation of technology, and as an expressive tool employed by post-war photographers, this paper looks at the physical character of rebate in silver-gelatin prints and its role in augmenting the photographic image. This research elucidates the collection at MFAH, the history of photographic printing in the 20th century and provides a guide to future researchers about how rebate can be used to glean technical data and artistic intent.

scholarly journals Horrors of War in the Context of the Fine Arts Transformation of the XX Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
E. O. Grantseva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
Artistic Process ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Individual

The article is dedicated to the outlook on the socio-cultural transformations of the 20th century brought by global conflicts. The main attention is paid to the problems arisen from overcoming traumas by the means of art and to the influence the traumatic experience has had on the transformation of the artistic language. The themes of the horrors of war, war and post-war experience and reflections acquire special significance in the artistic culture of the 20th century, with traumas brought by both world wars and other conflicts giving rise not only to emotional responses to ongoing disasters, but also being a catalyst for global reshaping of artistic content, form and industry, expressed in the visual revolution. In this regard, the paper turns to the essential cultural characteristics of the art of this period, to consider the similarities and differences in the individual trends that followed the general trend. Then, revealing the specifics of the artistic process, considered within the framework of the historical and cultural approach, the reasons that determined the global transformations of art were discovered. In this work, the issues mentioned above are perceived at the junction of the problems studied in the history of emotions and the history of art. So is the conceptual focus of this interdisciplinary text. Such an approach not only attempts to consider the visual revolution through the prism of personal experience, to link the transformation of visual expression with the inner state of a person and one’s perceptions of current events. It also underlines the specificities of historiography, represented both by research on the history of art and by works related to such a direction of historical science as the history of emotions. The main results of the research are as follows. Works of art related to the experience and display of the horrors of war, on the one hand, help to understand and survive the traumatic experience, telling about it in a metaphorical form, and on the other hand, embodying these goals, they radically change the artistic language in the context of the visual revolution of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Filmowe portrety Stanisława Siedleckiego (1912–2002) na tle Svalbardu. Fragmenty wizualnej historii nauki

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-142
Author(s):  
Jacek Szymala ◽  
Andrei Rogatchevski
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Polar Bear ◽  
Film History ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Post War ◽  
International Geophysical ◽  
Visual History

Stanisław Siedlecki’s (1912–2002) Film Portraits against the Backdrop of Svalbard. Vignettes from the Visual History of Science The article offers a new perspective on Stanisław Siedlecki’s biography through visual history, with a particular emphasis on film history. The connections between Siedlecki’s life and the cinema can be grouped in three sections: 1. films starring Siedlecki, 2. films by Siedlecki and 3. films about Siedlecki. The film Do Ziemi Torella (To Torell Land) represents the pre-war period; the post-war period is marked by Siedlecki’s collaboration with Jarosław Brzozowcki on the making of Skroplone Powietrze (Liquefied Air) and Wieliczka – both from 1946. In the International Geophysical Year 1957/1958, Siedlecki led the Polish polar expedition, during which the visual material was created. He appeared in all three ‘roles’ (as a co-writer, protagonist, and consultant) in Jarosław Brzozowski’s film W Zatoce Białych Niedźwiedzi (In the Polar Bear Bay). He consulted polar films until the early 1990s. There are also two film biographies (portraits) of Siedlecki by Wanda Rollna and Iwona Bartólewska. The analysis of this material has also shed new light on the visual narration of the Polish polar expeditions in the 20th century.

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