Interviews

2019 ◽  
pp. 250-267
Author(s):  
Craig M. Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Question Type ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Health Humanities ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Interview Studies

Interviewing is a means of engaging an individual in dialogue to reflect upon and share his or her life experience. For health humanities, this method accesses the lived reality of patients and healthcare providers. Asking people to share their personal narratives can allow for emic—from the subject’s perspective—and etic—from the researcher’s point of view—interpretation. Health humanities interviews consist of six steps: define the research question, design the interview, apply for Institutional Review Board approval, conduct the interviews, analyze the data, and distribute the findings. This chapter examines best practices for conducting interview studies including format (structured, unstructured, semi-structured), question type (closed- or open-ended), sampling (convenience, snowball), and notetaking. The author uses a study on collecting death histories to demonstrate this process and how to apply narrative, thematic, and frequency analyses.

Surveys

2019 ◽  
pp. 287-303
Author(s):  
Craig M. Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Health Humanities ◽  
Program Evaluations ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Institutional Review Board Review ◽  
Board Review ◽  
Response Choices

Surveys collect descriptive data about the behaviors or opinions of a population. The power of surveys comes from applying the same questions and the same response choices to a large number of people. In the health humanities, surveys have most often been used for course or program evaluations, to learn about patient experiences, and to collect data on opinions. A good survey has a defined research question and respondent population, and it asks carefully crafted questions including yes/no, multiple choice, ratings, rankings, sliders, pull-downs, and text entry. Surveys require Institutional Review Board review and a knowledge of basic statistics. While a good survey can provide generalizable perspectives, one of their main limitations is that they do not explain why people answer as they do.

scholarly journals 2019 Novel Coronavirus Vaccination among Post-graduate Residents and Fellows

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110229
Author(s):  
Mostafa Abohelwa ◽  
Mohamed Elmassry ◽  
John Abdelmalek ◽  
Drew Payne ◽  
Kenneth Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Texas Tech University ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
United States Healthcare

Background Coronavirus-2 (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide pandemic since December 2019. Since then, clinical trials with vaccines have been started and completed, and at present, 3 COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use in the United States. Healthcare providers were among the first to get vaccinated, but the precise attitudes of healthcare workers toward vaccination are uncertain. Objective To understand residents and fellows’ attitudes toward vaccination and record any side effects after vaccination. Methods We conducted an anonymous survey that was open from 3-1-2021 to 3-12-2021 using distribution lists from the Graduate Medical Education office on the Lubbock campus of the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center after getting approval from the Institutional Review Board (L21-088). Results Eighty-one residents and fellows (26.6% out of 304) responded to our survey. Among those who responded, 63 (77.8 %) were between 25 and 35 years old, and 41 (50.6%) were males. Seventy-seven (95.1%) received the vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech), 78 (96.3%) reported that they supported vaccination, and 3 (3.7%) reported that they did not want vaccination. Eight members (9.8%) had tested positive for COVID-19 infection before vaccination, but only 1 (1.23%) had tested positive for COVID-19 antibodies. All residents and fellows reported side effects after the vaccination, including pain at the injection site (77; 100%), local redness (9; 11.6%), local swelling (13; 16.8%), fever (25; 32.5%), fatigue (25; 32.5%), chills (34; 44.1 %), headache (38; 49.4%). Conclusions Most medical trainees have a high interest in COVID-19 vaccination; however, a few reported that they did not want vaccination.

scholarly journals Population-based otoscopic and audiometric assessment of a birth cohort recruited for a pneumococcal vaccine trial 15–18 years earlier: a protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e042363
Author(s):  
Kenny Chan ◽  
Phyllis Carosone-Link ◽  
Mary Thatcher G Bautista ◽  
Diozele Sanvictores ◽  
Kristin Uhler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Vaccine ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Institutional Review

IntroductionA cohort of 12 000 children in the Philippines who had enrolled in a 2000–2004 (current ages 16 to 20 years) Phase 3 11-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for the prevention of radiographically confirmed pneumonia are now being asked to participate in a separate study (expected completion date September 2021) to assess the cohort’s current long-term audiometric and otologic status. This new study would allow assessments of the utility of the pneumococcal vaccine in conferring its protective effects on the long-term sequelae of otitis media (OM), if any. Lack of trained local healthcare providers in otolaryngology/audiology and testing equipment in Bohol, Philippines, necessitates the development of a distinct methodology that would lead to meaningful data analysis.Methods and analysisReliable data collection and transfer are achieved by a US otolaryngologist/audiologist team training local nurses on all procedures in a didactic and hands-on process. An assortment of portable otolaryngologic and audiologic equipment suitable for field testing has been acquired, including an operating otoscope (Welch-Allyn), a video-otoscope (JedMed), a tympanometer with distortion product otoacoustic emission measurements (Path Sentiero) and a screening audiometer (HearScreen). Data will then be uploaded to a Research Electronic Data Capture database in the USA.Tympanometric and audiologic data will be codified through separate conventional algorithms. A team of paediatric otolaryngology advanced practice providers (APPs) have been trained and validated in interpreting video otoscopy. The protocol for classification of diagnostic outcome variables based on video otoscopy and tympanometry has been developed and is being used by APPs to evaluate all otoscopy data.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Research Institute of Tropical Medicine, Alabang, Manila, Philippines, and the institutional review board and the Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board of the University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.Research results will be made available to children and their caregivers with abnormal audiologic outcomes, the funders and other researchers.Trial registration numberISRCTN 62323832; Post-results.

Cardiovascular Disease in Spondyloarthritides

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Papagoras ◽  
Paraskevi V. Voulgari ◽  
Alexandros A. Drosos
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Treat To Target ◽  
Inflammatory Joint Diseases ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Patients

The spondyloarthritides are a group of chronic systemic inflammatory joint diseases, the main types being ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Evidence accumulating during the last decades suggests that patients with AS or PsA carry an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular death. This risk appears to be mediated by systemic inflammation over and above classical cardiovascular risk factors. The excess cardiovascular risk in those patients has been formally acknowledged by scientific organizations, which have called physicians’ attention to the matter. The application by Rheumatologists of new effective anti-rheumatic treatments and treat-to-target strategies seems to benefit patients from a cardiovascular point of view, as well. However, more data are needed in order to verify whether anti-rheumatic treatments do have an effect on cardiovascular risk and whether there are differences among them in this regard. Most importantly, a higher level of awareness of the cardiovascular risk is needed among patients and healthcare providers, better tools to recognize at-risk patients and, ultimately, commitment to address in parallel both the musculoskeletal and the cardiovascular aspect of the disease.

scholarly journals The Impact of NORTH STAR on Suicidality, Substance Problems, Intimate Partner Violence, and Child Abuse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M Smith Slep ◽  
Richard E Heyman ◽  
Michael F Lorber ◽  
David J Linkh
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction We evaluated the effectiveness of New Orientation for Reducing Threats to Health from Secretive-problems That Affect Readiness (NORTH STAR), a community assessment, planning, and action framework to reduce the prevalence of suicidality, substance problems, intimate partner violence, and child abuse. Materials and Methods One-third of U.S. Air Force bases worldwide were randomly assigned to NORTH STAR (n = 12) or an assessment-and-feedback-only condition (n = 12). Two Air Force-wide, cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based surveys were conducted of randomly selected samples assessing risk/protective factors and outcomes. This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board at the investigators’ university and by the institutional review board at Fort Detrick. Results NORTH STAR, relative to control, bases experienced a 33% absolute risk reduction in hazardous drinking rates and cumulative risk, although, given the small number of bases, these effects were not statistically significant. Conclusions Given its relatively low cost, use of empirically supported light-touch interventions, and emphasis on sustainability with existing resources, NORTH STAR may be a useful system for prevention of a range of adult behavioral health problems that are difficult to impact.

How Research Will Adapt to HIPAA: A View from Within the Healthcare Delivery System

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-502
Author(s):  
Mary L. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Health Information ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Institutional Review

While the new Health Insurance Privacy and Accountability Act (HIPAA) research rules governing privacy, confidentiality and personal health information will challenge the research and medical communities, history teaches us that the difficulty of this challenge pales in comparison to the potential harms that such regulations are designed to avoid. Although revised following broad commentary from researchers and healthcare providers around the country, the HIPAA privacy requirements will dramatically change the way healthcare researchers do their jobs in the United States. Given our reluctance to change, we risk overlooking potentially valid reasons why access to personal health information is restricted and regulated. In an environment of electronic information, public concern, genetic information and decline of public trust, regulations are ever-changing. Six categories of HIPAA requirements stand out as transformative: disclosure accounting/tracking, business associations, institutional review board (IRB) changes, minimum necessary requirements, data de-identification, and criminal and civil penalties.

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