Coronary heart disease: Epidemiology and prevention

2020 ◽  
pp. 3603-3616
Author(s):  
Goodarz Danaei ◽  
Kazem Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Fatal Myocardial Infarction

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is now the leading cause of death and disability globally. Despite recent declines in age-adjusted death rates from CHD, the number of CHD deaths have been increasing due to a combination of growth in population numbers and their longevity. In addition, manifestation and outcome of CHD varies substantially between and within countries. Unlike many other common medical conditions that disable and kill and remain unpreventable, CHD is to a large extent preventable. There are strong, unconfounded relationships between several risk factors and CHD mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction. The most important risk factors for CHD are smoking, high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and obesity. Controlling these risk factors, even in middle-aged individuals, through lifestyle changes, medical treatment, or public health interventions, may reduce CHD incidence by almost one-half.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome in adults: relation with diet and other lifestyle factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
Ishu Kataria ◽  
Ravinder Chadha ◽  
Renuka Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors that has the potential of developing into cardiovascular disease or increase the susceptibility to it. It is present worldwide with now even developing countries getting overwhelmed by its burden. With a shift towards unhealthy diet coupled with sedentary lifestyle, development of metabolic syndrome is on the rise even among young adults. One of the main causes of this problem is faulty diet, so any means to reduce the incidence of the syndrome involves the modification of the existing diets rich in saturated fat, sodium and cholesterol. This review focusses on efficacy of different dietary patterns for combating the syndrome along with other lifestyle risk factors. It also highlights newer advancements in the field of Metabolic Syndrome, which can serve as potential strategies to combat it. Public health interventions targeting adults, therefore, should center on prevention through education, modification of diet and lifestyle, and focusing on environment, so that these changes are acceptable and sustainable.

scholarly journals Coronary Heart Disease: Diagnosis and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Iin Novita Nurhudayati Mahmuda ◽  
Nanda Nurkusumasari ◽  
Fakhri Nofaldi ◽  
Prihatin Puji Astuti ◽  
Ferika Dian Syafitri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Health Organization

<p>Coronary heart disease (CHD), is one of the non-communicable diseases that has a tendency to increase every year and have an impact not only on developed countries, but also in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2012 there were 56 million deaths worldwide caused by non-communicable disease and heart disease contributed 46.2% or caused 17.5 million deaths. This review article to give brief explanation about CHD from risk factors, diagnosed criteria, management therapy and prognosis. Risk factors for CHD can be distinguished into major risk factors and minor risk factors. Symptoms of CHD are discomfort in the chest ranging from pain crushed during activity and improved with rest to continuous chest pain. The diagnosis of CHD is established based on anamnesis, physical examination, and laboratory examination. The CHD classification consists  of Stable Angina Pectoris (APS) and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Lifestyle changes accompanied<em> </em>by right medication can reduce complications caused             by CHD.</p>

Coronary heart disease: epidemiology and prevention

2010 ◽  
pp. 2881-2898
Author(s):  
Goodarz Danaei ◽  
Kazem Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Population Numbers

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is now the leading cause of death and disability in almost all regions of the world. Despite recent declines in age-standardized death rates from CHD globally, the number of CHD deaths have been increasing due to a combination of growth in population numbers and their longevity. In addition, manifestation and outcome of CHD varies substantially between and within countries....

To Examine the Effectiveness of a Hospital-Based Nurse-Led Secondary Prevention Clinic

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula M. Mainie ◽  
Gillian Moore ◽  
John W. Riddell ◽  
A.A. Jennifer Adgey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cardiac Event ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Prevention Clinic

Modification of cardiovascular risk factors can reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), effectively extend survival, decrease the need for interventional procedures, and improve quality of life in persons with known cardiovascular disease. Pharmacological treatments and important lifestyle changes reduce people's risks substantially (by 1/3 to 2/3) and can slow and perhaps reverse progression of established coronary disease. When used appropriately, these interventions are more cost-effective than many other treatments, currently provided by the National Health Service [Department of Health National Service Frameworks: coronary heart disease. Preventing coronary heart disease in high risk patients. 2000. HMSO.] Secondary prevention clinics are effective means by which to ensure targets are achieved and assist primary care in long-term maintenance of lifestyle change and drug optimisation. A 2-year hospital-based pilot project was established at the Royal Hospitals, April 2001–April 2003. The aim of the project was to target patients with coronary heart disease, post-MI and/or coronary artery bypass grafting and/or percutaneous coronary intervention, 6 months following their cardiac event. The plan was to assess patient risk factors and medication a minimum of 6 months following their cardiac event to ascertain if government targets were being achieved; secondly, to examine the effectiveness of a hospital-based nurse-led secondary prevention clinic on modifying risk factors and optimising drug therapies.

scholarly journals Benefits of smoking cessation for coronary heart disease patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Adi Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Management Of Risk

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence increases with age and is frequently higher in the elderly.(1) Therefore prevention of CVD in the elderly through management of risk factors is important in order to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). There are several risk factors of CVD that can be modified, such as smoking, physical activity, and unhealthy diet. Cessation of smoking is the most potent measure to prevent thousands of CVD events and death

scholarly journals Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Selected Risk Factors of CHD, Among People Aged 30-64 Years in the District of Gampaha, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Athula Liyanapathirana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Harmful Alcohol ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

Background- Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of hospital deaths in Sri Lanka. The underlying risk factors include; tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, harmful alcohol use, physical inactivity, and medical conditions; hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidaemia. Objective of this study was to determine prevalence of CHD and risk factors among people aged 30-64 in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka. Methods- A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1192 people aged 30-64 years in district of Gampaha, recruited by probability proportionate to the population size, cluster sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire on prevalence of CHD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, obesity, harmful alcohol use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco smoking and anthropometric measurements by trained data collectors. Twelve-lead ECG, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels were done for previously undiagnosed. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21. Results- The estimated prevalence of CHD based on already diagnosed cases and Rose positive angina 6.9% (95% CI 5.4% – 8.4%), CHD based on already diagnosed cases and ECG 6.4 (95% CI 4.9% – 7.8%), hypertension 37.5% (95% CI 34.7% to 40.3%), diabetes mellitus 17.4% (95% CI 15.2% to 19.6%), dyslipidaemia 66.5% (95% CI 63.8% – 69.2%). The estimated prevalence of other modifiable risk factors of generalized obesity (BMI≥25.0) (44.0%, 95%CI41.1-46.9), sub-optimal quality diet (71.9%, 95%CI 69.3-74.5), low level of physical activity (21.7%, 95%CI 19.3-24.1), heavy or high-risk drinking 11.4% (95%CI 9.56-13.2), smoking 14.2% (95%CI 12.2-16.2). Conclusions- Estimated prevalence of CHD and selected risk factors were high in Gampaha District with a large proportion of previously undiagnosed disease. Immediate public health action is needed including training programs for healthcare workers on detection of risk factors and awareness among the public for screening for risk factors.

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