Hair and nail disorders

Oxford Textbook of Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0562 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 5724-5731

Author(s):

David de Berker

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Alopecia Areata ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Direct Action ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Traumatic Events ◽

Common Cause ◽

Common Diseases

Nails grow continuously throughout life, except after exceptional physiological or traumatic events when they are shed. All other less disruptive influences result in changes in the colour, thickness, texture, and growth of nails, and may also affect the periungual tissues. The most common local diseases affecting the nail are psoriasis, fungal nail infections, periungual eczema, and viral warts. Trauma is a common cause of changes in toenails. Disease can affect hair growth by direct action on the follicle or by indirect effects sustained through generalized physiological disturbance. Clinicians might be asked to assess specific diseases of the scalp with implications for hair growth, or specifically to address pathological patterns of hair growth where there may be underlying systemic disease. Common diseases of the scalp include psoriasis, eczema, fungal infection, alopecia areata, and the scarring alopecias.

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A Case Study: Massage, Relaxation, and Reward for Treatment of Alopecia Areata

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1994.74.3c.1315 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 74 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1315-1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sharon C. Putt ◽

Lawrence Weinstein ◽

Mary T. Dzindolet

Keyword(s):

Alopecia Areata ◽

Behavior Modification ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Autoimmune Process ◽

Common Cause ◽

Treatment Techniques ◽

History Of ◽

Treatment Designs

Alopecia areata, a common cause of hair loss, is generally considered the consequence of an autoimmune process. Both physiological and psychological factors have been implicated. Previous studies have not incorporated behavior modification in their treatment designs. In this study, three treatment techniques (hair massage, relaxation procedures, and monetary reward) were applied to a 16-year-old male with a five-year history of alopecia areata. Comparison for seven months without treatment versus seven months with treatment showed that loss of hair was markedly reduced after three months of treatment. During the last four months of the study, new hair growth was evidenced.

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Hair Growth in a Patient with Alopecia Areata on Tocilizumab

Skin Appendage Disorders ◽

10.1159/000516300 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Chloe J. Walker ◽

Kelly E. Flanagan ◽

James T. Pathoulas ◽

Isabel Pupo Wiss ◽

Maryanne M. Senna

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Autoimmune Disease ◽

Hair Loss ◽

Alopecia Areata ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Posterior Uveitis ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Antibody Targeting ◽

Growth Changes

Introduction: Tocilizumab (TCZ), a recombinant humanized antihuman monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling, is often utilized in the management of autoimmune disease. Few reports have demonstrated hair growth changes in patients on TCZ. Case Presentation: Herein, we review the literature and report a 21-year-old woman with progressive alopecia areata (AA) presenting with AA improvement while on TCZ for concomitant posterior uveitis. Discussion: Our case demonstrates the potential ability of TCZ to disrupt IL-6 signaling involved in AA, leading to hair loss and regrowth.

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Cyclosporin-A-induced hair growth in human renal allograft recipients and alopecia areata

Archives of Dermatological Research ◽

10.1007/bf00412931 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 278 (3) ◽

pp. 238-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

W. Gebhart ◽

J. B. Schmidt ◽

M. Schemper ◽

J. Spona ◽

H. Kopsa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cyclosporin A ◽

Alopecia Areata ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Renal Allograft

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Photo gallery of onychodystrophies

Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases ◽

10.17816/dv48900 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 194-196

Author(s):

Ivan S. Maksimov

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Everyday Practice ◽

Common Cause ◽

Dermatological Diseases ◽

Nail Changes ◽

Clinical Pictures

Onychodystrophies are various pathological processes in the nail apparatus of infectious and non-infectious nature, related to changes in its morphology. The most common cause of nail changes is a fungal infection. However, onychodystrophy can be a manifestation of dermatological diseases, trauma, medication, systemic and tumor processes. Since the clinical symptoms of onychodystrophies are unspecific, sometimes it can cause difficulties in making a diagnosis. This photo gallery presents clinical pictures of diseases that a physician may encounter in everyday practice.

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Pubertal onset with adulthood lung function mediated by height growth in adolescence

ERJ Open Research ◽

10.1183/23120541.00535-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 00535-2020

Author(s):

Liang Li ◽

Hongmei Zhang ◽

John W. Holloway ◽

A. John Henderson ◽

Susan Ewart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Height Growth ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Body Hair ◽

Mediation Effects ◽

Pubertal Onset

BackgroundAge of pubertal onset is associated with height and lung function in adulthood. It is unknown whether height growth in adolescence mediates the association of age at puberty with early adult lung function.MethodsData from the Isle of Wight (IOW) birth cohort (n=1261) were examined in the study. Ages of pubertal events, height at ages 10 and 18 years and lung function parameters (forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)) at 26 years were included in a path analysis to assess the mediation effects of height growth. Findings were tested in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort.ResultsIn females in the IOW cohort, age at menarche and body hair growth showed a positive indirect association with FVC (menarche: indirect effect coefficient (IEC)=0.13, 95% CI 0.05–0.20, p=1.28×10−3; body hair growth: IEC=0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.15, p=0.017) and FEV1 (menarche: IEC=0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.17, p=0.028; body hair growth: IEC=0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.14, p=0.043) at 26 years through height growth and lung function at 18 years. In males, age at body hair growth (IEC=0.08; 95% CI 0.01–0.15, p=0.047), growth spurt (IEC=0.09; 95% CI 0.01–0.17, p=0.034) and facial hair growth (IEC=0.09; 95% CI 0.02–0.16, p=0.014) had positive indirect effects on FVC at 26 years, but voice deepening did not show statistically significant indirect effects (p>0.05). For pubertal events available in the ALSPAC cohort, results consistent with the IOW cohort were found for both females and males.ConclusionEffects of age of puberty on FVC in early adulthood are likely mediated by height growth during adolescence.

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Disorders of Hair

10.2310/fm.1107 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

James Q Del Rosso

Keyword(s):

Hair Loss ◽

Alopecia Areata ◽

Hair Growth ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Common Type ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Basic Knowledge ◽

Androgenetic Alopecia ◽

Broad Overview

A basic knowledge of the hair growth cycle is needed to evaluate disorders of hair growth. This chapter presents a broad overview of the physiology and evaluation of hair growth, as well as discussions of specific types of alopecia. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of androgenetic alopecia, the most common type of nonscarring hair loss, are covered. Diffuse hair shedding is generalized hair loss over the entire scalp. Diagnosis and treatment of telogen effluvium, anagen arrest (anagen effluvium), and other causes of diffuse hair shedding are covered in detail. Alopecia areata, typically characterized by patchy hair loss; cicatricial alopecia, which results from permanent scarring of the hair follicles; and miscellaneous causes of hair loss are also discussed. Tables list the causes of diffuse and cicatricial alopecia, telogen effluvium, and miscellaneous chemicals and categories of drugs that can cause alopecia, as well as miscellaneous causes of hair loss. Included is an algorithm outlining the approach to diagnosing nonscarring alopecia, as well as a variety of clinical photographs. This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 42 references.

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