Sequential coronary grafting

2021 ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
Juan B. Grau ◽  
Jacqueline H. Fortier ◽  
David Glineur
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Graft Patency ◽  
Distal Anastomosis ◽  
Proximal Anastomosis ◽  
Arterial Grafts ◽  
Graft Flow ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Over Time

Sequential distal grafting is a surgical technique in which a single conduit has two or more distal anastomosis for a single proximal anastomosis; in situ sequential arterial grafts may have no proximal anastomosis. Proponents of this method suggest that there is increased total graft flow due to improved distal run-off in sequential grafts, which leads to better graft patency over time, and that sequential grafting is more efficient in terms of conduit use, and reduces the amount of aortic manipulation during surgery.

scholarly journals Whatever happens, two mammary is better than one

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Bonalumi ◽  
Ilaria Giambuzzi ◽  
Roberto Lorusso ◽  
Michele Di Mauro
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Internal Mammary Artery ◽  
Left Internal Mammary Artery ◽  
Free Graft ◽  
Arterial Grafts ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Propensity Analysis ◽  
Internal Mammary ◽  
Better Than

It is well known that the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) should be the first conduit of choice. Similarly, especially in patients younger than 70 years, other conduits should be search among arterial grafts such as right internal mammary artery (RIMA) or radial artery (RA). If the RA can be harvested in the meanwhile of LIMA harvesting without time consuming, it is well established that former one has to be grafted only on presence of a good run-off. One of the main criticisms moved to the use of RIMA are linked to technical difficulties in its harvesting it. Edgar Aranda-Michel and coworkers tried to answer to the age-old question is “RIMA has to be used in situ or free-graft?” In a retrospective study on 667 patients (442 had free RIMA and 245 had free RIMA) that were also matched through propensity analysis (202 patients per group), they did not find any differences between the two groups in the major outcomes, including heart failure specific readmissions. This finding is consistent with the literature, hence the take-home message is whatever happens, two mammary is better than one.

scholarly journals Glacial melt disturbance shifts community metabolism of an Antarctic seafloor ecosystem from net autotrophy to heterotrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Braeckman ◽  
Francesca Pasotti ◽  
Ralf Hoffmann ◽  
Susana Vázquez ◽  
Angela Wulff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Benthic Primary Production ◽  
Community Metabolism ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Net Heterotrophy ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractClimate change-induced glacial melt affects benthic ecosystems along the West Antarctic Peninsula, but current understanding of the effects on benthic primary production and respiration is limited. Here we demonstrate with a series of in situ community metabolism measurements that climate-related glacial melt disturbance shifts benthic communities from net autotrophy to heterotrophy. With little glacial melt disturbance (during cold El Niño spring 2015), clear waters enabled high benthic microalgal production, resulting in net autotrophic benthic communities. In contrast, water column turbidity caused by increased glacial melt run-off (summer 2015 and warm La Niña spring 2016) limited benthic microalgal production and turned the benthic communities net heterotrophic. Ongoing accelerations in glacial melt and run-off may steer shallow Antarctic seafloor ecosystems towards net heterotrophy, altering the metabolic balance of benthic communities and potentially impacting the carbon balance and food webs at the Antarctic seafloor.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrogeochemistry on Tunnel Drainage in Evaporitic Formations: El Regajal Tunnel Case Study (Aranjuez, Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1505
Author(s):  
Ignacio Menéndez Pidal ◽  
Jose Antonio Mancebo Piqueras ◽  
Eugenio Sanz Pérez ◽  
Clemente Sáenz Sanz
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Underground Flow ◽  
Very High ◽  
Over Time

Many of the large number of underground works constructed or under construction in recent years are in unfavorable terrains facing unusual situations and construction conditions. This is the case of the subject under study in this paper: a tunnel excavated in evaporitic rocks that experienced significant karstification problems very quickly over time. As a result of this situation, the causes that may underlie this rapid karstification are investigated and a novel methodology is presented in civil engineering where the use of saturation indices for the different mineral specimens present has been crucial. The drainage of the rock massif of El Regajal (Madrid-Toledo, Spain, in the Madrid-Valencia high-speed train line) was studied and permitted the in-situ study of the hydrogeochemical evolution of water flow in the Miocene evaporitic materials of the Tajo Basin as a full-scale testing laboratory, that are conforms as a whole, a single aquifer. The work provides a novel methodology based on the calculation of activities through the hydrogeochemical study of water samples in different piezometers, estimating the saturation index of different saline materials and the dissolution capacity of the brine, which is surprisingly very high despite the high electrical conductivity. The circulating brine appears unsaturated with respect to thenardite, mirabilite, epsomite, glauberite, and halite. The alteration of the underground flow and the consequent renewal of the water of the aquifer by the infiltration water of rain and irrigation is the cause of the hydrogeochemical imbalance and the modification of the characteristics of the massif. These modifications include very important loss of material by dissolution, altering the resistance of the terrain and the increase of the porosity. Simultaneously, different expansive and recrystallization processes that decrease the porosity of the massif were identified in the present work. The hydrogeochemical study allows the evolution of these phenomena to be followed over time, and this, in turn, may facilitate the implementation of preventive works in civil engineering.

scholarly journals In Situ Production of Zoospores by Five Species of Phytophthora in Aqueous Environments for Use as Inocula

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Ridge ◽  
S. N. Jeffers ◽  
W. C. Bridges ◽  
S. A. White
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Soil Extract ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Zoospore Release ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Over Time

The goal of this study was to develop a procedure that could be used to evaluate the potential susceptibility of aquatic plants used in constructed wetlands to species of Phytophthora commonly found in nurseries. V8 agar plugs from actively growing cultures of three or four isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, P. cryptogea, P. nicotianae, and P. palmivora were used to produce inocula. In a laboratory experiment, plugs were placed in plastic cups and covered with 1.5% nonsterile soil extract solution (SES) for 29 days, and zoospore presence and activity in the solution were monitored at 2- or 3-day intervals with a rhododendron leaf disk baiting bioassay. In a greenhouse experiment, plugs of each species of Phytophthora were placed in plastic pots and covered with either SES or Milli-Q water for 13 days during both summer and winter months, and zoospore presence in the solutions were monitored at 3-day intervals with the baiting bioassay and by filtration. Zoospores were present in solutions throughout the 29-day and 13-day experimental periods but consistency of zoospore release varied by species. In the laboratory experiment, colonization of leaf baits decreased over time for some species and often varied among isolates within a species. In the greenhouse experiment, bait colonization decreased over time in both summer and winter, varied among species of Phytophthora in the winter, and was better in Milli-Q water. Zoospore densities in solutions were greater in the summer than in the winter. Decreased zoospore activities for some species of Phytophthora were associated with prolonged temperatures below 13 or above 30°C in the greenhouse. Zoospores from plugs were released consistently in aqueous solutions for at least 13 days. This procedure can be used to provide in situ inocula for the five species of Phytophthora used in this study so that aquatic plant species can be evaluated for potential susceptibility.

scholarly journals Identifying Spatial and Temporal Variations in Concrete Bridges with Ground Penetrating Radar Attributes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1846
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Isabel M. Morris ◽  
Santiago A. Lopez ◽  
Branko Glisic
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Over Time

Estimating variations in material properties over space and time is essential for the purposes of structural health monitoring (SHM), mandated inspection, and insurance of civil infrastructure. Properties such as compressive strength evolve over time and are reflective of the overall condition of the aging infrastructure. Concrete structures pose an additional challenge due to the inherent spatial variability of material properties over large length scales. In recent years, nondestructive approaches such as rebound hammer and ultrasonic velocity have been used to determine the in situ material properties of concrete with a focus on the compressive strength. However, these methods require personnel expertise, careful data collection, and high investment. This paper presents a novel approach using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to estimate the variability of in situ material properties over time and space for assessment of concrete bridges. The results show that attributes (or features) of the GPR data such as raw average amplitudes can be used to identify differences in compressive strength across the deck of a concrete bridge. Attributes such as instantaneous amplitudes and intensity of reflected waves are useful in predicting the material properties such as compressive strength, porosity, and density. For compressive strength, one alternative approach of the Maturity Index (MI) was used to estimate the present values and compare with GPR estimated values. The results show that GPR attributes could be successfully used for identifying spatial and temporal variation of concrete properties. Finally, discussions are presented regarding their suitability and limitations for field applications.

The Earliest South African Hominids

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Clarke ◽  
Travis Rayne Pickering ◽  
Jason L. Heaton ◽  
Kathleen Kuman
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
The South ◽  
Taxonomic Assignment ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

The earliest South African hominids (humans and their ancestral kin) belong to the genera Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Homo, with the oldest being a ca. 3.67 million-year-old nearly complete skeleton of Australopithecus (StW 573) from Sterkfontein Caves. This skeleton has provided, for the first time in almost a century of research, the full anatomy of an Australopithecus individual with indisputably associated skull and postcranial bones that give complete limb lengths. The three genera are also found in East Africa, but scholars have disagreed on the taxonomic assignment for some fossils owing to historical preconceptions. Here we focus on the South African representatives to help clarify these debates. The uncovering of the StW 573 skeleton in situ revealed significant clues concerning events that had affected it over time and demonstrated that the associated stalagmite flowstones cannot provide direct dating of the fossil, as they are infillings of voids caused by postdepositional collapse.

Palikur, a Language between Two Worlds

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Antonia Cristinoi ◽  
François Nemo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Border Dispute ◽  
Over Time

Over the course of a long history stretching back to the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, via the arbitration in 1900 of the Franco-Brazilian border dispute, the Palikur (or Parikwene) have been divided between France and Brazil. This community, considered autochtonous in that it existed in the same place at the time of the Europeans’ arrival, now inhabits both Guyane and Brazil, living principally on the two banks of the Oyapock river. The transnational situation of the Palikur is reflected in all aspects of life in the community today, whether in terms of identity, of education, of citizenship or of language. The objective of this chapter is to present the dynamics of the Palikur’s linguistic situation in Guyane in all their complexity. It focuses on change over time across generations and on the questions of linguistic and cultural preservation currently being raised. The chapter is based on sociolinguistic research and lexicographical studies conducted in situ over the course of fifteen years.

The effect of in situ composting on nitrogen, micro-organisms and odour emissions from sawdust beds

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
R.M. Kay ◽  
A.T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Sensitive Areas ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Micro Organisms

Pig production is responsible for 65 per cent of all odour complaints and 10 per cent of water pollution incidents. In addition, the disposal of pig slurry effluent may create major difficulties in nitrate sensitive areas either from run off or leaching of liquids. In situ composting of pig manure has the potential to eliminate these problems whilst encouraging pig producers to use welfare positive, bedded systems. In situ composting is a system of housing in which pigs are contained on a deep bed of sawdust. The bed is actively managed by aeration and the use of commercial additives to encourage composting of excreta as it is produced. The system appears to give an odour and liquid free environment. Such systems cannot be encouraged however until it is clearly established that there are no environmental or health disadvantages.

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